119
The Pahlavi Text of Yasna LXX (Sp. LXIX) edited
with all the MSS. collated*).
By L. H. Mills.
1 Av'^ valäsän - yezbexünam av'^ zag* barä^ yehemtünam av
äiyyärih man^ amesaspendän hü^vätäi{-tiyä) hüdehak'.
2 Av valä^ meHm vaydünam-e^ av ^ valä bay* av valä rat'
yezbe-j^ünam man Aüharmazd^
1 1 D has val for A, E ar; B has av ; G än = än = av. 5
2 valäsän coA-ects the erroneous f sg. tarn of the Av. text.
3 The second av valäSän of A, D, E, is, however, erroneous.
B, C omit av' here, and *4 have correctly za^ for Av. tern which
refers anticipatively to Ahura; C transl. än.
5 B has me'im synonym for A's barä ; so C madam = meHm ; 10
C transl. avar.
6 man after aharayth again corrects the erroneous Av. text,
acc. sg. f yam which should be yän, so idiomatically for yoi.
The -am of both tarn and yäm may have resulted from some
defective mode of expressing the nasalization during the confusions 15
of a transitional period.
7 B has erroneously ameiaspend- for -dän, the -än having
coalesced (?) with the hü of hüyvatäi, — same signs, but see the
intervening i. G has -dän here.
8 B inserts I before hüyv-; A omits this t. 20
9 B inserts i before hüdehak- perhaps dehak'. G dehah =
dehak ; the long « of B dehäk is, as so often, an Avestic intrusion.
2 1 Av valä , A , B , C etc. , erroneously dat. for Av. aesa,
nom. sg. m.
2 B has vaydünam; A, D, E va^dünam-e; but C, the Pers. 25
understood vägünam = vebedünam; no trace of -näm-e in C.
C the Pers. transl. kunam. All as if seeing a fii-st personal
possibly, and indeed all at the same time may have meant the
*) For a critical free rendering of tiie original see SBE.XXXI, pp. 325—328.
For a translation of this Pähl, with copious notes see JRAS. of January, 1908.
120 Mills, The Pahlavi Text of Yasna LXX.
8 dätär rämenttär^ i tva^^Sitär* (ly harvisp avädih^.
4 Valä rat'^ yezbexünam^ man Zartüil' I Spitämän^.
5 Fa' zag i"^ valäsän (fräz yemalelänam)^ lanä dät' [oey*
män dät' zag valaian afman] zag i* avezakth {aHy pavan
5 mindavam V valäSän avezak' barä^ yekvunem^];
erroneous vebedünam; see the Pers. Gerent$ is a 3rd personal
of an 'n' stem of a gir (?) = 'to take' ; — probably the translators
saw geremt^ divided, and mistook the nasalization; read gerem te;
from this their first personal followed by the pronoun ; so, in very
10 many similar cases. A first personal may have been also first
suggested by the yazäi and jasäi.
2 3 C the Pers. has an än = än for a 2nd än = av before
valä bay ; C has ü under valä ; this ü was hardly meant to equal
Ö, certifying the previous än as = ö = av.
15 4 C has no Pers. transl. for bay = bay (?). A has apparently
an altered vay for bay.
5 Do not the translators here distinctly sever Ahura from
the Amesaspends- ?; — recall that the terms ame{r)sa spenta do
not occur in the Gäthas.
20 6 The Pähl, transl. here affords us a valuable warning against
all unreserved confidence as to detail in the Pähl., Pers., and Sk.
translations.
3 1 A, B have i before dätär; A obscurely. D, E omit ^;
C, the Pers., does not express i.
85 2 B, E have no I after dätär ; A, D (?) have i there.
3 C has no transl. for rämenitär = rapentem.
4 A has tva^Sitär ; B has taj^Sitär (not tä^s-) ; C has tääidär
= ta^sttär, with no Pers. transl.; tarsvankem (of all(?)) seems
to be an erroneous writing caused by mistaking an ancient Pahlavi
80 Av. sign., which could equal V, but not here.
5 Supplied.
6 We might read äiädih; the pers. transl. ni^nat.
4 1 A inserts mari after rat'.
2 A yazam, so generally; B, C yezbe^-; D, E yez-.
85 3 This curious and seemingly distinguished mention of Z.
here must be accidental or affected.
5 1 A inserts va before zag; B, C omit va.
2 A no t; B has I.
3 fräz yemalelünam is anticipatively supplied before lanä.
40 4 B omits aey män; — so C omits aey män dät zag i.
5 B zag valäSän , no «; A has i ; C does not express I.
6 A has zoj i avez-; B omits i.
7 A, B have I after mindavam; so B; D, E omit t,
8 A has barä only over and doubtful for barä.
45 9 A, B, C have yehvUnem; D, E have vebedünem (?); 0, the
Pers. transl. bavam.
Mills, The Pahlavi Text of Yasna LXX. 121
6 fräz yemalelünam va fräz ic^ cäsam av aiSän'^
7 man Aüharmazd, va man VaKman va^ man Asavahisi'^.
8 man Satver vd^ man Spendarmai'* va man Haurvadat
va man Amer'dat'^.
9 man gösfendän tan'^ va man^ gospendän rüvän va* man
ätää* Aüharmäzd,
0 man Srös*-i-aharüv^ va man^' raSn i* rästak * man
Mitr l frehgaöyöi^ (= frehgaoyöi).
1 man Väi i aharüv^ va^ man den i Saplr l Mazdayastän ,
i 1 A has -ici with fraz; no -i in B, D, E; C has no -ic. 10
2 A, D, E have valä sän for B's atSän ; — C the Pers. has
ösän meant for alsän = transl. kasän.
' 1 A, B, C have va after VaKman.
2 The genitives of the Av. are not reproduced in 7 or 8;
— should i be supplied? is
; 3 A has va before the second man. — So B, C va.
4 A writes spendarmat' .
5 It is doubtful whether A writes haurvadat' or haurvadat
va. C has u = va; A writes amer'dat, not -dat'. So B -dat
and -dat. 20
1 No sign of the Av. dat. in tari or in rüvän.
2 A, B, C have no mari before second ^ösp-; B, C have m;
so C transl. va = u; K has distinctly i irrationally (?) for man,
or va, there before second gösp-; D, E have man with no va
before second gösp-. 25
3 A has no va after rüvän ; B, C have va here in 9.
4 I write ätäs = ätaS for Av. ä&re, as the apparent long ä
is a mere Av. short 'a' intruding, as so vei-y often, this being due to the confusions necessarily prevalent at the transitional period;
the somewhat questionable äta^S is not necessary. — C ätas so
transl. ätas.
5 A omits i before Aüharmazd in 9; B inserts i ; D, E om. i.
* The idiogram for srös-1-aharüv' might be literally read
srös-aharih; so B; C seems sros i ahalüban; 0 transl. sröS
(i) aäö. 35
1 B has I irrationally after aharUv in 10; not so A, D, E.
2 B has second man .
3 A has I after rasn in 10.
4 A has rästak' (? rastalc) in 10; B has rastak' ; so C seems
rastah = rastak ; D, E have rast'. 40
5 C has va before man! Mitr'.
6 B might be read fräd(?)-gaoyöt, better freh ; others frehg- ;
D differs only in the forms of its letters from E here.
1 B has again irrational i inserted after aharüv.
2 B has va before second man ; so C m ; A only possibly, 45
as it elsewhere writes aharüv not -rüv.
122 -Wiäfa, The Pahlavi Text of Yasna LXX.
12 man d&hmän^ Sapirän üfrvn va man dähmän Sapi- .
rän adrüjeSnth va* man dähmän sapirän aränaki {or arä-
vaklhC»))*,
13 cegön afzünlg^ pavan ae^ göveän nivedenam nivedenam [aey
5 pavan* kämak' yehvünäf] * cegön süt-(e)-mandän ^ pavan lak'' mata.
14 Zag i süt'-(e)-mänd^ göveSn yedrünärld^ yehvünem süt-(e)-
12 1 dähmän, — so A, B, D, E, for Av. dahm-, again shows
the intrusion of the Av. short a which has the form of Pähl,
long ä; C has dähmän, not dähmän; dähmän should be read.
10 2 B has i before 5a^j- three times, the last time over but
original; A has va here.
3 No va in A, D, E after adrüjesnih before män ; but B has
this va; C transl. bi-duruy.
4 B has a form awkwardly corrected to aränakih; — possibly
16 ".we might emend to some form more approximating anavauruj^töis
= 'against unbelieving words'; consider an avärdkihi^i). C has
aränagi translated bi-äeäridah (?) and bi-ranzldah. Should the
gloss at Visp. X, 10, be read '■aniränakih' as = 'non-iranianism' ?
Notice that the gen. sing, here are mostly rendered with the Pähl.
«0 word in the pl., though we must regard the forms as being in the
gen. 'by position'.
13 1 A has afzünig , and seems to have ' ' final which whould
be unusual after -g ; B afzün ; C has no -i ; C prob, va (?) in text but not translated.
23 2 B inserts ae (?), de (?), or do (?), after pavan before gövesn,
but it seems to be stmck out; C has no ae.
3 A, B have pavan after aey before kämak' ; C has no pavan.
4 In 13 B has yehvünät; so C yehv-. This gloss seems to
explain an intensive force as seen in näSima; notice the repeated
so nived-.
5 B has süi-{äd)-mandän, süt-äömandän, so dividing (?); so
C -dän ; A has stit-{e)-mand , an important form , ridding us of
the irrational -äö-, e may really equal a mere division mark; —
so, generally, elsewhere; A, D, E have -mand; C has südhö-
S5 mondän (sic).
6 B has very intelligently i after süt -.
7 The form lak or --? might have reference to Av. vä,
which does not seem otherwise rendered ; it may have been mistaken
for va. So 'lak' is better than = 30, XXX. See the Pers.
40 tü va and see the recurring lak.
14 1 A has again the important reading aüt-{e)-mand ; B süt-
(äö)-mand (sic); so C = süd-hömand; B divides sut'-äömand (so).
So this süt-, not seeing a nom. pl. m. in suyamana, so B. Pt 4.
2 A has ded- for yedrünänd; so B -naiid; C dedrnnd =
43 burand. They saw bareütü for bareiitö , recalling Y. XXXIII, 9.
B has sü^-{äo)-mand after yedrü- ; so C süd-hömand.
MüU, The Pahlavi Text of Yasna LXX. 123
mand*, va* yehvünem va perözkar va^ yehvünem, Aüharmazd
döst'^ i* bürtär'^ tari .
15 va man^ gabrä aharüv pavan hümat' meneSnih* aharüv'
fehvünt yegavimunet pavan hü-üyt' göveänih* va^ pavan hüvarst'
üneänih"; 5
16 cegön lanä zag i^ saplr rnemeSn'^ yahemtünät' vaKman
\afmän'\* zag i saplr* hüravä^man'lh'^ yehemtünät^ pavan zoß
l kolä II. {dö) [amat mindavam i menavad va'' stih* y^üp ^
vebedünam-e]
17 cegön zag i^ Ii rüvän ^ zag l saplr* hüraväk^man'ih* yehem- 10
fünät^.
14 3 A inserts va after süt-.
4 C has no m; 14 recalls Y. XXX, 9.
5 A inserts va after perözkar ; C no i^a there.
6 B has no -än with döst'-; B inserts i. I8
7 B has hurtär; — has A döst va i bürtär") for dJös( än
ib.? — Hardly. C has döst i burdär tan, — recalling Y. XXXI, 22.
15 1 A has the va man, later changed to denä ; B, C have no va.
2 A has no i after gabrä ; so D, E none ; B has i.
3 A has no -th to meneSn- or -n ; B has -nih with D , E ; 20
so C after menesn.
4 A has gövesnih, so B -nth; so C -ni = -nih.
5 A has no va after göveSnlh; B, C, D, E have va.
6 A has a mark (?) after kuneSnih; not so B nor C.
16 1 A has no i after zag before first saplr; B has I with D, E. 2,1
2 A, B have va after menesn; or separated B no mari;
C no va nor man! after menesn.
3 A has afmäri after vah mari , with the others ; so the Pers.
afmän = mäyä; B afmän.
4 A has I saplr i; B i sapir. so
5 So, not reporting the verbal form, as if seeing urvä sät;
to an Av. sät; recall sä, säiti; B has hüraväj^man'lh; C transl. xödl-
6 A has yehemtünät' over, and with different ink; B, C have
it in place ; — recalling Y. XLIV, 1, 8.
7 A seems I (?) after menavad before stih; but prob. va. 35
8 E has getlh , written with full char. k{= g)etih ; this for
stih; C has stä — stih (A); C transl. getl.
9 A has > X^P ^ space; no x^P in C.
10 A has vebedünam-a, with others; — so in Y. XLIV, 8;
— B omits veb- here. 40
17 1 Recall Y. XLIV, 8. No « in A after zag; B has i.
2 A has rüvän half eaten off.
3 A has zag I veh orig. over for Sapir; C has sapir.
4 A seems hüraväxman'ih; C transl. ;^cis<; all fail again to
see the verbal form. 45
5 C has -tünet; not -nät.
124 Mills, The Pahlavi Text of Yasna LXX.
18 apän I Sapirän yezbexünam [pavan hüraväxman'ih']''- fra-
vämeSn^ va patirak' röveSnih va me'im* vaxdüneSnih*.
19 bürj' I xi>äfäi(-tiyä) i' vagdän'^ i röSan i^ apän i* nap' i
arvand-äsp yezbexünäm;
i 20 harvisp' zag i aharüvän sti pavan yazeSn va nii)äyesn
Snäyenitärih va^ fräz äfrigänih va niyökSeSn'^ hanä* ait ;
21 sröS i aharüv'^ yezbexünam ; ra£ i büland yezbexünam'
man'^ aüharmazd.
22 man min^ aharäyih avartüm [aey min^ yazatän man Sän
10 tan aharäyih alt' ae* zag mos, man min* aharäyih matärtüm
[aey zag kär i^ pavan x'>'ät' aväyat' kartan levin kart' yega-
vimünetY.
23 Harvisp' ic^ srüv'', zartüSt' , yezbexünam* [{Avestäk va* zand)']
18 1 No hüraväymanlh here in A or B nor in C.
15 2 No frav- in C. A has the 'f of 'frav-' above. C transl.
maShür.
3 A, B have me'im — for avar. A, B, D, E have vaydü-
nesnih; so C has vaxdüneSnih ; C the Pers. transl. avar giriSn
(or-glriSni).
so 19 1 So C vagdän, transl. zanän.
2 A, B have i before röSan.
3 No i before nap' in B. C (i) tiz asp.
20 IB has va or separated T here; no va after Snäy- in A.
No va in C, but C has u in transl. C transl. x^Shäl kardan.
S5 2 B has niyökSeSn for nlyöxSeSn, A.
3 A, B, D, C have hanä; so C transl. in.
21 1 The forms here again constitute an idiograph ; — sröSaharik
is mere debris for -l-aharüv ; but B has an ending which only
looks like a new Persian -ü for '-uv, B adds an irrational I; D
so has what looks like -a but which is -ih.
2 D has man before second yezbex- ; and D omits man after
yez-; B has man there; yezbex- stands over in D. No 21 in C;
see elsewhere.
22 1 A has min over with different ink after first man ; B has min.
S5 2 B has min for D, E's av (?) before yazatän'; so A min;
C has no text here.
3 A, B have ae after ait' before zag; D, E hanä.
4 B has min for E's av before third aharäyih; so D (?) has ■
min; A and E have av before 3rd aharäyih; B has min for av
40 as before.
5 B has I after kär before pavan ; not so A, D, E.
6 So A -net'. No text of 22 in C; see Yasna I.
23 1 So B -pic; A -p.
2 B omits i before ZartüSt', so allowing us to translate
45 '0 Z' in accordance with the original (?). A has i with the others.
3 A has yazam, so generally; — B yezbex-.
Mills, The Pahlavi Text of Yasna LXX. 125
harvisp ic hüvarst varzeSnih yezbexünam* i varzlt' vad kevan
va hanac varzt-ait min kevan /räz]*; [mari min attän ... etc.]'.
4 A has no va before zand; B has va; this might make a
difference. — 'The Avesta and Zand', or 'the Zand of the Avesta'.
5 A, B insert i after hanach.
6 The Av. future passive participle is here first rendered ; —
see also Y. LXXI at the end. No text of 23 in C.
7 Other citations appear in A and B from Texts elsewhere
treated.
126
Zur Kritik des Kitäb-al-Ain.
Von K. Inostrancev.
Über das Buch Äin habe ich in meinen früheren Arbeiten
mehrfach Gelegenheit gehabt zu reden'). Hier will ich nur er¬
wähnen, daß laut deutlichen Hinweisen arabischer Quellen (Fihrist r.o, 11—11*; Mas'üdT, Kitäb-at-tanbih, BGA., VHI, l.f, v sqq.) in der
8 früh-islamischen Periode ein persisches Buch existierte , das , aus
sasanidischer Zeit überkommen , Ain-näme hieß und von den
»Institutionen' des Sasanidenreichs handelte. Dieses Buch wurde
zusammen ndt dem bekannten Chodhäi-näme im 8. Jahrhundert von
Ibn-al-Muqaffa' ins Arabische übersetzt (Fihrist, lU, fv)^). Für die
10 vergleichende Kritik der Übersetzungen dieser beiden Bücher ist es
wichtig zu bemerken, daß während das Äln-näme, so weit uns be¬
kannt ist, nur einmal aus dem Persischen ins Arabische übertragen
wurde , und zwar durch den obengenannten Ibn-al-MuqaflFa' , das
Chodhäi-näme mehrfach übersetzt wurde ; der Charakter dieser Über-
16 Setzungen ist sehr verschieden : es gab verkürzte Übertragungen,
es gab solche mit Zusätzen und schließlich Bearbeitungen dieses
Buches nach verschiedenen Abschriften^). Wenn wir also in arabischen
Werken Zitaten aus dem Kitäb-al-ÄIn begegnen, so können wir mit
voller Sicherheit schließen, daß sie der Übersetzung des Ibn-al-
80 Muqaffa' entnommen sind; in betreff des Sijar-al-mulük dagegen,
d. h. der Übertragungen des Chodhäi-näme , müssen jedesmal Be¬
weise dafür erbracht werden.
Die Zitate aus dem Kitäb-al-ATn sind uns hauptsächlich in
dem Buch 'Ujün-al-aljbär des Ibn-Qutaiba erhalten. Unter diesen
1) S. meine russischen Arbeiten : OtryvolL voennago tralttata iz Sasanidskoj ,Rnigi Ustanovlenij * &/oLi Zapiski, XVII, 249 sqq.; Materialy iz arabskicb istocnikor dIja knl'turnoj istorü Sasanidskoj Persii, yf'y^ i ÄitytJt ^L->
(j*^! uA^iiÄ.« Ja; jüwtyäJl ^, ib. XVIII, 174 sqq. (= Separatabdruck, 1907, 62 sqq.); Persidskaja literatnmaja tradicija v pervye veka islama, M^moires de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg, VIII° sdrie, Classe Historico- Philologique, VIII, No. 13, 26; auch meine Sasanidskie E^udy, St. Peterburg, 1909, 27 und 42 sqq.
2) S. Melanges Aüatiques, VIII, 1880, 77.n-776 oder Bulletin de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg, XXVII, 1881, 75—76.
3) S. Vostocnyja Zametki, St. Peterburg, 1895, 182 sqq. (cf. WZKM., X, 325).
