Ein zusätzlicher Freiheitsgrad kann mit einer nicht-kollinearen Geometrie eingeführt werden. Die Wellenvektoren der Pump- und Signal-Impulse umschließen dann einen Winkel αund der Idler-Impuls wird unter einem Winkel Ω, vom Signal-Impuls aus betrachtet, emittiert. Die Phasenanpassungsbedingung wird also eine Vektorgleichung:
∆k=kp−ks−ki =0 (B.2.1)
Diese kann nun parallel und senkrecht auf den Signal-Wellenvektor projiziert werden:
∆kpar= kpcosα−ks−kicos(Ω) =0
∆kperp= kpsinα−kisin(Ω) =0 (B.2.2) Bei einer Signal-Frequenzvariationωs+∆ωändert sich die Idler-Frequenz wegen der Energieerhaltung umωi−∆ωund es gilt in erster Ordnung:
∆kpar' −∂ks
∂ωs∆ω+ ∂ki
∂ωi cos(Ω)∆ω−kisin(Ω)∂Ω
∂ωi ∆ω
∆kperp' ∂ki
∂ωi sin(Ω)∆ω+kicos(Ω) ∂Ω
∂ωi ∆ω (B.2.3)
Für eine breite Phasenanpassung müssen beide Wellenvektorfehlanpassungskompo-nenten separat verschwinden. Die Summation von∆kpar·cos(Ω)und∆kperp·sin(Ω) ergibt:
∂ki
∂ωi −cos(Ω) ∂ks
∂ωs =0 (B.2.4)
⇔ vgs=vgicos(Ω) (B.2.5)
Eine breite Phasenanpassung kann also erreicht werden, wenn der Signal-Idler-WinkelΩ so gewählt wird, dass die Gruppengeschwindigkeit des Signal-Impulses der Projektion der Gruppengeschwindigkeit des Idler-Impulses auf die Richtung des Signal-Impulses entspricht. Dies kann nur fürvgi > vgserfüllt werden. Damit ist es durch Wahl einer geeigneten Geometrie möglich, dass Signal- und Idler-Impuls nicht wie in einer kollinea-ren Geometrie wegen der GVM auseinander laufen, sondern effektiv überlappt bleiben.
Für die praktische Umsetzung ist es nützlich den Pump-Signal-Winkelαzu berechnen:
α=arcsin 1− vgs/vgi2
1+ 2vgsnsωs
/ vginiωi
+ (nsωs)2/(niωi)2
!1/2
(B.2.6) Eine Konstruktion eines optisch parametrischen Verstärkers in einer nicht-kollinearen Geometrie stellt einen NOPA (engl.:noncollinear optical parametric amplifier) dar.
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Veröffentlichungen in referierten Zeitschriften
• A. Pashkin, F. Junginger, B. Mayer, C. Schmidt, O. Schubert, R. Huber, und A. Lei-tenstorfer, „Quantum Physics with Ultrabroadband and Intense Terahertz Pulses“, zur Veröffentlichung angenommen inIEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics(2013).
• F. Junginger, B. Mayer, C. Schmidt, O. Schubert, S. Mährlein, A. Leitenstorfer, R.
Huber, und A. Pashkin, „Non-perturbative Interband Response of InSb Driven Off-resonantly by Few-cycle Electromagnetic Transients“, zur Veröffentlichung angenommen inPhysical Review Letters(2012).
• O. Schubert, C. Riek, F. Junginger, A. Sell, A. Leitenstorfer, und R. Huber, „Ultra-short pulse characterization with a terahertz streak camera“,Optics Letters36, 22 (2011).
• F. Junginger, A. Sell, O. Schubert, B. Mayer, D. Brida, M. Marangoni, G. Cerullo, A. Leitenstorfer, und R. Huber, „Single-cycle multiterahertz transients with peak fields above 10 MV/cm“,Optics Letters35, 15 (2010).
• F. Junginger, M. Kläui, D. Backes, S. Krzyk, U. Rüdiger, T. Kasama, R. E. Dunin-Borkowski, J.-M. Feinberg, R. Harrison, und L. J. Heyderman, „Quantitative deter-mination of vortex core dimensions in head-to-head domain walls using off-axis electron holography“,Applied Physics Letters92, 112502 (2008).
• E.-M. Hempe, M. Kläui, T. Kasama, D. Backes, F. Junginger, S. Krzyk, L. J. Heyder-man, R. Dunin-Borkowski, und U. Rüdiger, „Domain walls, domain wall
transfor-mations and structural changes in permalloy nanowires when subjected to current pulses“,physica status solidi (a)204, No. 12, 3922 (2007).
• D. Backes, C. Schieback, M. Kläui, F. Junginger, H. Ehrke, P. Nielaba, U. Rüdiger, L. J. Heyderman, C. S. Chen, T. Kasama, R. E. Dunin-Borkowski, C. A. F. Vaz, und J. A. C. Bland, „Transverse Domain Walls in Nanoconstrictions“,Applied Physics Letters91, 112502 (2007).
• F. Junginger, M. Kläui, D. Backes, U. Rüdiger, T. Kasama, R. E. Dunin-Borkowski, L. J. Heyderman, C. A. F. Vaz, und J. A. C. Bland, „Spin torque and heating effects in current-induced domain wall motion probed by transmission electron microscopy“,Applied Physics Letters90, 132506 (2007).
Konferenzbeiträge und Veröffentlichungen in Tagungsbeiträgen
• A. Grupp, F. Junginger, B. Mayer, C. Schmidt, M. Rebholz, D. Brida, A. Pash-kin, R. Huber, und A. Leitenstorfer „Two-dimensional Spectroscopy of Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics in Graphite Studied with Multi-THz Pulses“, 6th International Conference on Coherent Multidimensional Spectroscopy (CMDS 2012), Berlin, Deutschland (16.-18. Juli 2012).
• B. Mayer, F. Junginger, C. Schmidt, O. Schubert, S. Mährlein, R. Huber, A. Lei-tenstorfer, und A. Pashkin, „Non-perturbative Response in bulk InSb Driven by Intense Off-resonant Multi-THz Pulses“, 6th International Conference on Coherent Multidimensional Spectroscopy (CMDS 2012), Berlin, Deutschland (16.-18. Juli 2012).
• C. Schmidt, O. Schubert, B. Mayer, F. Junginger, A. Pashkin, A. Leitenstorfer, und R. Huber „Field-resolved Observation of a THz-induced Franz-Keldysh Effect“, 6th International Conference on Coherent Multidimensional Spectroscopy (CMDS 2012), Berlin, Deutschland (16.-18. Juli 2012).
• B. Mayer, F. Junginger, C. Schmidt, S. Mährlein, O. Schubert, A. Pashkin, R. Huber, und A. Leitenstorfer, „Non-perturbative Four-wave Mixing in InSb with Inten-se Off-resonant Multi-THz PulInten-ses“, 18th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena (UP: 2012), Lausanne, Schweiz (8.-13. Juli 2012).
• C. Schmidt, B. Mayer, F. Junginger, M. Rebholz, A. Grupp, D. Brida, A. Pashkin, R. Huber, und A. Leitenstorfer, „Ultrafast Low-Energy Dynamics of Graphite Studied by Nonlinear Multi-THz Spectroscopy“, 18th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena (UP: 2012), Lausanne, Schweiz (8.-13. Juli 2012).
• F. Junginger, C. Schmidt, B. Mayer, S. Mährlein, O. Schubert, A. Pashkin, R. Huber, und A. Leitenstorfer, „Non-perturbative Four-wave Mixing in Bulk InSb Driven by Intense Off-resonant THz Pulses“, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and the Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS: 2012), San Jose, Kalifornien, USA (6.-11. Mai 2012), veröffentlicht in „Technical Digest CD-ROM of the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and the Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference“ (Optical Society of America, Washington, DC, 2012), QTu1H.6, ISBN: 978-1-55752-943-5.
• F. Junginger, „Extreme THz nonlinearities: from four-wave-mixing in InSb to pump-probe experiments in graphite“ (eingeladener Vortrag), Internationaler Workshop: „THz dynamics in carbon based nanostructures“, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (5.-7. März 2012).
• B. Mayer, F. Junginger, C. Schmidt, S. Mährlein, O. Schubert, A. Pashkin, R. Hu-ber, und A. Leitenstorfer, „Non-perturbative four-wave mixing with intense off-resonant THz pulses in bulk InSb“, Gordon Research Conference: „Ultrafast Phe-nomena in Cooperative Systems“, Galveston, Texas, USA (19.-24. Februar, 2012).
• C. Schmidt, O. Schubert, S. Mährlein, F. Junginger, B. Mayer, A. Pashkin, R. Huber, und A. Leitenstorfer, „Ultrafast absorption change of InP in THz fields exceeding 5 MV/cm“, Gordon Research Conference: „Ultrafast Phenomena in Cooperative Systems“, Galveston, Texas, USA (19.-24. Februar, 2012).
• A. Pashkin, F. Junginger, C. Schmidt, B. Mayer, O. Schubert, S. Mährlein, R. Huber,
• A. Pashkin, F. Junginger, C. Schmidt, B. Mayer, O. Schubert, S. Mährlein, R. Huber,