GHR Glut4
8 Summary Johanna Petzold
Parameters of Muscle Energy Metabolism in genetically different pigs
The present study was accomplished in order to characterize genetic principles of the relation between muscle structure and energy metabolism at molecular level. As animal model pigs of the races Piétrain and Leicoma differing in muscle growth and fat accretion were chosen. By means of histomorphometry, muscle structure traits of the Longissimus muscle (LD) were analyzed. In addition, the activities of two marker enzymes of energy metabolism, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (ICDH) and Lactic Dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined. Using Northern Analysis, the levels of mRNA expression of the growth hormone receptor (GHR), the glucose transporter IV (GLUT4) and both α-isoforms of the 5’AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were ascertained.
A second experiment enfolded analyses of muscle structure, enzyme metabolism and gene expression in LD, diaphragm (ZF) and heart (HZ) muscle of eight pigs of nearly the same age, four animal per race. Thus, differences in mRNA-expression of the analyzed genes in muscles of different metabolic capacity could be examined semiquantitatively.
In the first experiment significant differences were found between the percentages of fibre area of the fast-twitch oxidative (FO) and the fast-twitch glycolytic (FG) type as well as fibre transverse-sectional area of FO fibres in the LD muscle between animals from both races. In addition, Piétrain pigs expressed a higher LDH activity in the LD muscle than Leicoma pigs.
These distinctions between Leicoma and Piétrain pigs regarding morphological and functional criteria of the LD were not accompanied by differences in mRNA expression of GHR, GLUT4 and both α- isoforms of the 5’AMP-aktivated protein kinase (AMPK).
Concerning this matter, significant differences between muscles were found: the m-RNA expression levels of both α- isoforms of the AMPK and the GHR were highest in LD muscle and lowest in HZ, whereas mRNA expression levels of GLUT4 were highest in the ZF and lowest in the HZ muscle.
Beside these absolute comparisons, correlation analyses assessed advice for relationships between morphological and functional traits and the results from the gene expression studies.
So, relations between the mRNA expression of GHR, GLUT4 and AMPK and metabolism-related characteristics in LD, ZF and HZ were found revealing that traits of glycolytic me-tabolism correlated positively and traits of oxidative meme-tabolism negatively with the m-RNA expression of the GHR. The m-RNA expression of GLUT4 correlated positively with oxida-tive and negaoxida-tively with glycolytic metabolism traits in the LD muscle. For AMPK, the α1 -isoform correlated negatively with the glycolytic fibre percentage and positively, for Leicoma pigs, with the FO fibre percentage and for Piétrain pigs with the SO fibre percentage in LD muscle. The expression of mRNA of the α2-isoform expressed no correlation with any mor-phological or functional trait in any of the three muscles, but with the mRNA expression of the α1-isoform in LD and ZF, and expression of GLUT4 in LD.
To confirm the data regarding the fibre type-related m-RNA expression of the α1- isoform of the AMPK at protein expression level immunohistochemistry was carried out. By this, in LD muscle clear coexpression of the α1-isoform and type-I-myosin, which is found in particular in oxidative fibres in this muscle, was shown.
Although the m-RNA expression did not differ between races, these results demonstrate the impact of GHR, GLUT4 and α1-AMPK for the relation between muscle structure and muscle energy metabolism in pigs.
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