Thermische Speicher

4.27.1 Technologiebeschreibung

8QWHUWKHUPLVFKHQ6SHLFKHUQYHUVWHKWPDQ$QOD -JHQ ]XU 6SHLFKHUXQJ YRQ :lUPHHQHUJLH (LQ-VDW]P|JOLFKNHLWHQW^IETSCHELHWDOM^EYER DHAUER EHVWHKHQLPPHUZHQQYRU-KDQGHQH RGHU JHZRQQHQH :lUPH QLFKW GLUHNW JHQXW]W ZHUGHQ NDQQ ]% ZHQQ :lUPH XQG :lUPHEHGDUI QLFKW ]HLWOLFK GHFNXQJVJOHLFK VLQG RGHUZHQQ:lUPHTXHOOHXQG:lUPHYHUEUDXFKHU XQWHUVFKLHGOLFKH /HLVWXQJHQ KDEHQ (LQH ZHLWHUH B: Bergwerksförderung

55DI¿QDGHSURGXNWLRQ

1XW]XQJVP|JOLFKNHLWLVWHLQ:lUPHYRUUDWDOV1RW -IDOOUHVHUYH -H QDFK $QZHQGXQJ NDQQ GLH 6SHL-FKHUGDXHUZHQLJH6WXQGHQ.XU]]HLWVSHLFKHUELV KLQ]XPHKUHUHQ0RQDWHQ/DQJ]HLWVSHLFKHULQV-EHVRQGHUH6DLVRQZlUPHVSHLFKHUEHWUDJHQ (LQ ZLFKWLJHV $QZHQGXQJVIHOG LVW GLH 1XW]XQJ LQGXVWULHOOHU$EZlUPHZREHLGLH:lUPH]%]XU 3UR]HVVYRUZlUPXQJRGHU]XU(U]HXJXQJYRQHOHN -WULVFKHU(QHUJLHV.DSLWHOJHQXW]WZHUGHQ NDQQ =XU LQGXVWULHOOHQ 1XW]XQJ ]lKOHQ DXFK GLH

$QZHQGXQJHQ LQ NRQYHQWLRQHOOHQ XQG VRODUWKHU-PLVFKHQ.UDIWZHUNHQVRZLHLQ.UDIW:lUPH.RSS -OXQJVDQODJHQ 'HU (LQVDW] YRQ :lUPHVSHLFKHUQ LQ 6RODUWKHUPLHDQODJHQ NDQQ KHOIHQ GLH YDULDEOH :lUPHTXHOOH 6RQQH QHW]NRPSDWLEHO ]X PDFKHQ :lUPHVSHLFKHU N|QQHQ HEHQIDOOV GLUHNW LQ :lU -PHQHW]HQ]XP/DVWDXVJOHLFKYHUZHQGHWZHUGHQ

$XFK LP *HElXGHEHUHLFK XQWHUVWW]HQ :lUPH-VSHLFKHU GLH 1XW]XQJ VRODUHU :lUPH LQVEHVRQ -GHUHLQ)RUPYRQ6DLVRQZlUPHVSHLFKHUQZHOFKH LP6RPPHUJHZRQQHQH:lUPHLP:LQWHUQXW]EDU PDFKHQ

.lOWH LVW SK\VLNDOLVFK QXU GLH $EZHVHQKHLW YRQ :lUPH VWHOOW DEHU WHFKQLVFK HLQHQ =XVWDQG YRQ QLHGULJHUHU7HPSHUDWXUDOVGHU8PJHEXQJVWHPSH - UDWXUGDUGHQPDQHEHQIDOOVLQWKHUPLVFKHQ6SHL-FKHUQDXIEHZDKUHQNDQQ

'HU]HLWLVWHLQHWKHUPLVFKH6SHLFKHUXQJLPJHVDP -WHQ7HPSHUDWXUEHUHLFK]ZLVFKHQ±ELVƒ&

praktisch realisierbar (HAUER

Anforderungen an thermische Speichermaterialien

)ROJHQGH .ULWHULHQ MEYER DHAUER

VLQGDXVVFKODJJHEHQGIUGLH(LJQXQJHLQHV0DWH -ULDOVIUWKHUPLVFKH6SHLFKHU

– Energiespeicherdichte: 'LHSUR9ROXPHQ PD[LPDOVSHLFKHUEDUH:lUPHVROOP|JOLFKVW KRFKVHLQ

– Leistungsdichte: 'DV6SHLFKHUV\VWHPVROOWH GLH:lUPHP|JOLFKVWVFKQHOODXIQHKPHQXQG DEJHEHQN|QQHQ

– 6SHLFKHUHI¿]LHQ]:lUPHYHUOXVWHZlKUHQG GHU6SHLFKHUXQJVROOHQP|JOLFKVWJHULQJVHLQ – Temperatur der Wärmeabgabe/-aufnahme:

'LHVHPXVVIUGLH$QZHQGXQJJHHLJQHWVHLQ

– Lebensdauer: Die chemische und mecha- QLVFKH6WDELOLWlWVRZLHGLH$Q]DKOGXUFKIKU-EDUHU6SHLFKHU]\NOHQVROOHQP|JOLFKVWKRFK VHLQ

– Technische Handhabbarkeit: %HLVSLHOVZHLVH VROOWHGLH9ROXPHQlQGHUXQJEHL:lUPHDXI-QDKPHXQGDEJDEHQLFKW]XKRFKVHLQ – Sicherheit: 7KHUPLVFKH6SHLFKHUVROOWHQ

P|JOLFKVWQLFKWEUHQQEDUQLFKWH[SORVLYQLFKW JLIWLJXQGQLFKWNRUURVLYVHLQ

– Verfügbarkeit: 'LH0DWHULDOLHQVROOWHQLQDXV-UHLFKHQGHU0HQJHIU0DVVHQDQZHQGXQJHQ ]XU9HUIJXQJVWHKHQ

– Kosten: 'HU3UHLVIUGLH6SHLFKHUXQJGHU :lUPHLQ(XURN:KVROOWHP|JOLFKVWJHULQJ VHLQ

$NWXHOOH)RUVFKXQJV]LHOHWIETSCHELHWDO VLQGGLH(UK|KXQJGHU(QHUJLHGLFKWHGLH5HGXN - WLRQGHU.RVWHQXQGGLH5HDOLVLHUXQJZHLWHUHU7HP-SHUDWXUEHUHLFKH]%IU+RFKWHPSHUDWXUDQZHQ -GXQJHQ

'UHL$UWHQ GHU WKHUPLVFKHQ 6SHLFKHUXQJ ZHUGHQ XQWHUVFKLHGHQ 6HQVLEOH ODWHQWH XQG FKHPLVFKH 6SHLFKHUXQJ

Sensible Speicher

'LH6SHLFKHUXQJYRQ:lUPHE]Z.lOWHHUIROJW EHL VHQVLEOHQ 6SHLFKHUQ GXUFK 7HPSHUDWXUHUK|-KXQJ E]Z 7HPSHUDWXUHUQLHGULJXQJ GHV 6SHL -FKHUPDWHULDOV(VKDQGHOWVLFKXPHLQHDXVJHUHLIWH XQGLQYLHOHQ$QZHQGXQJHQHWDEOLHUWH7HFKQRORJLH

(HAUER

'HUZHVHQWOLFKH9RUWHLOVHQVLEOHU6SHLFKHUVLQGLKUH JHULQJHQ.RVWHQ±(XURN:KH^AUER /DWHQWXQGFKHPLVFKH6SHLFKHUN|QQHQ¿QDQ]LHOO QXUNRQNXUULHUHQZHQQVHKUYLHOH6SHLFKHU]\NOHQ GXUFKODXIHQ ZHUGHQ HAUER 1DFKWHLOLJ LVW MHGRFK LKUH JHULQJHUH (QHUJLHGLFKWH JHJHQEHU /DWHQWXQGFKHPLVFKHQ6SHLFKHUQ)UGLH6SHL-FKHUXQJ JUR‰HU :lUPHPHQJHQ ZHUGHQ GDKHU JUR‰H 9ROXPLQD EHQ|WLJW VR GDVV 3ODW]PDQJHO GHU9HUZHQGXQJGHU7HFKQRORJLHHQWJHJHQVWHKHQ NDQQ'LH(QHUJLHGLFKWHOLHJWLP'XUFKVFKQLWWEHL N:KP (H^AUER'DVDPKlX¿JVWHQHLQJH -VHW]WH0HGLXP:DVVHUHUUHLFKWN:KP(WIET

-SCHEL HW DO 'LH 6SHLFKHUHI¿]LHQ] YDULLHUW VWDUN±LQ$EKlQJLJNHLWYRQ0HGLXPXQG Isolation (H^AUER1HXHUH(QWZLFNOXQJHQLP

GHUXQJDQGLH$QODJHQNRPSRQHQWHQLVWGDVVVLH IUHLQH:lUPHDEJDEHEHLNRQVWDQWHU7HPSHUDWXU VRUJHQPVVHQIDOOVGLHMHZHLOLJH$QZHQGXQJGLHV HUIRUGHUWGDVHQVLEOH6SHLFKHULKUH:lUPHJUXQG -VlW]OLFK EHL YHUlQGHUOLFKHU 7HPSHUDWXU DEJHEHQ (H^AUER

:DVVHULVWGDVDPKlX¿JVWHQHLQJHVHW]WHVHQVLEOH 6SHLFKHUPHGLXP (LQ NODVVLVFKHV $QZHQGXQJV-EHLVSLHOLVWGHU%RLOHU:HLWHUH$QZHQGXQJVEHUHL -FKH VHQVLEOHU 6SHL-FKHUPHGLHQ VLQG GLH 6SHL-FKH- 6SHLFKH-UXQJ LQGXVWULHOOHU $EZlUPH :lUPHVSHLFKH6SHLFKH-UXQJ LQ GHU 6RODUWKHUPLH DEHU DXFK *HElXGHKHL]XQJ XQG±NKOXQJ]%%HWRQNHUQDNWLYLHUXQJELVKLQ ]XU 6DLVRQZlUPHVSHLFKHUXQJ 'DEHL ]lKOW DXFK GDV VDLVRQDOH 6SHLFKHUQ YRQ :lUPH LQ %RGHQ RGHU *UXQGZDVVHU ]XU VHQVLEOHQ :lUPHVSHL-FKHUWHFKQRORJLH 'LH :lUPH ZLUG LP 6RPPHU VRODUWKHUPLVFKJHZRQQHQXQGEHUHLQ5RKUV\V-WHP PLW 7UlJHUÀVVLJNHLW DQ GHQ REHUÀlFKHQQD -KHQ8QWHUJUXQGEHUJHEHQ,P:LQWHUZLUGGLHVH :lUPHGHP(UGUHLFKHQW]RJHQXQG]XP+HL]HQ JHQXW]W6ROFKH6\VWHPHVLQGVRZRKOIUHLQ]HOQH

*HElXGH DOV DXFK IU JDQ]H :RKQJHELHWH LP (LQVDW],QGHUNDQDGLVFKHQ'UDNH/DQGLQJ6RODU

&RPPXQLW\N|QQHQEHLVSLHOVZHLVHPHKUDOV GHV MlKUOLFKHQ :lUPHEHGDUIV GXUFK HLQ VROFKHV 6\VWHPJHGHFNWZHUGHQW^ONG

Latentspeicher

%HLGHU$XIQDKPHODWHQWHU:lUPHlQGHUWVLFKGLH 7HPSHUDWXU HLQHV 6SHLFKHUPDWHULDOV QLFKW 6WDWW - GHVVHQEHZLUNWGLH:lUPHHLQH3KDVHQXPZDQG-OXQJ PLW (QWURSLH]XQDKPH ,Q GHU WHFKQLVFKHQ

$QZHQGXQJDOV6SHLFKHULVWGLHVPHLVWGHU3KDVHQ-EHUJDQJYRQIHVW]XÀVVLJ/|VWPDQGHQXPJH -NHKUWHQ 3KDVHQEHUJDQJ PLW (QWURSLHDEQDKPH ÀVVLJ]XIHVWDXVZLUG:lUPHDEJHJHEHQ'LH 6SHLFKHUPDWHULDOLHQ ZHUGHQ HQJOLVFK DXFK DOV 3KDVH&KDQJH0DWHULDOV3&0EH]HLFKQHW )ROJOLFKZLUGGLH:lUPHODWHQWHU6SHLFKHUEHLGHU 7HPSHUDWXUGHV3KDVHQEHUJDQJVXQGVRPLWEHL HLQHU NRQVWDQWHQ H[DNW GH¿QLHUWHQ 7HPSHUDWXU

QlQGHUXQJYHUEXQGHQLVWVRGDVVHLQHJHHLJQHWH +OOH 9HUNDSVHOXQJ %HKlOWHU JHZlKOW ZHUGHQ PXVV %HLP (LQVDW] ODWHQWHU :lUPHVSHLFKHU DOV

%DXVWRII]XVFKODJ VX ZLUG EHLVSLHOVZHLVH HLQH 0LNURYHUNDSVHOXQJ YHUZHQGHW BINE INFORMATI

-ONSDIENST (V EH¿QGHQ VLFK MHGRFK DXFK IRUPVWDELOHODWHQWH:lUPHVSHLFKHULQGHU(QWZLFN-OXQJZHOFKHRKQH+OOHDXVNRPPHQH^IRN 'LH)RUPVWDELOLWlWZLUGGXUFK%LQGXQJVNUlIWH]ZL-VFKHQEHQDFKEDUWHQ3RO\PHUNHWWHQHUUHLFKW :HVHQWOLFKHU9RUWHLOGHUODWHQWHQ6SHLFKHULVWGDVV HLQHJUR‰H:lUPHPHQJHEHLJHULQJHU7HPSHUDWX-UlQGHUXQJJHVSHLFKHUWZHUGHQNDQQ'LH(QHUJLH -GLFKWHOLHJWEHLFDN:KP GLH6SHLFKHUHI¿-]LHQ]EHL±H^AUER'LH(UK|KXQJ GLHVHU .HQQZHUWH JHJHQEHU VHQVLEOHQ 6SHL-FKHUQJHKWMHGRFKPLWK|KHUHQ.RVWHQYRQ±

(XURN:KHLQKHU%HLGHQ.RVWHQZHUGHQVRZRKO

$XVJDEHQ IU GDV 6SHLFKHUPDWHULDO DOV DXFK IU VlPWOLFKH 6\VWHPEHVWDQGWHLOH XQG $QODJHQNRP-SRQHQWHQEHUFNVLFKWLJW6RNRVWHW]%GDV0LNUR -YHUNDSVHOXQJVPDWHULDOVXKlX¿JPHKUDOVGDV HLJHQWOLFKH6SHLFKHUPDWHULDOH^AUER,QVEH -VRQGHUHGLH(UK|KXQJGHV:lUPHWUDQVSRUWVE]Z GHU /HLVWXQJVGLFKWH VWHOOW EHL ODWHQWHQ 6SHLFKHUQ

Abb. 4.71: Latentwärmespeicher für Handwärmkissen, links:

YROOVWlQGLJÀVVLJUHFKWV

Kristallisation unter Wärmeabgabe (Quelle: F^RAUNHOFER ISI)

HLQHQ ZHVHQWOLFKHQ .RVWHQIDNWRU GDU 8P GHU JHULQJHQ :lUPHOHLWIlKLJNHLW YLHOHU ODWHQWHU 6SHL-FKHUPDWHULDOLHQ ]% 6DO]H HQWJHJHQ]XZLUNHQ ZHUGHQ :lUPHOHLWVWUXNWXUHQ XQG :lUPHEHUWUl-JHUNRQ]HSWHHUIRUVFKW'/5D

'DVZRKOEHNDQQWHVWH$QZHQGXQJVEHLVSLHOODWHQ -WHU6SHLFKHUVLQG+DQGZlUPNLVVHQV$EE 'DUEHUKLQDXVLVWGLHWKHUPLVFKH6SHLFKHUXQJ]XU

*HElXGHWHPSHULHUXQJ HLQ ZLFKWLJHV (LQVDW]IHOG 'XUFK,QWHJUDWLRQLQ%DXHOHPHQWHRGHU%DXVWRIIH ZHUGHQ GLH WKHUPLVFKHQ 6SHLFKHU SDVVLY DXVJH-QXW]W ]% LQ )DVVDGHQHOHPHQWHQ 'HFNHQ XQG :lQGHQ 'RUW GLHQHQ VLH GHU hEHUWUDJXQJ GHU 1DFKWNlOWH LQ GHQ7DJ ZDV GHQ .OLPDWLVLHUXQJV -DXIZDQGUHGX]LHUW'LH,QWHJUDWLRQLQ%DXHOHPHQWH HUIROJWLQ)RUPYRQ6SHLFKHUHOHPHQWHQPLW0DN -URYHUNDSVHOXQJ $OV %DXVWRII]XVFKOlJH NRPPHQ 3DUWLNHOPLW0LNURYHUNDSVHOXQJ]XP(LQVDW]0LN -URYHUNDSVHOWH 3DUDI¿QH VLQG EHLVSLHOVZHLVH VHLW -DKUHQ NRPPHU]LHOO HUKlOWOLFK BINE I^NFOR

-MATIONSDIENST /DWHQWH :lUPHVSHLFKHU ZHUGHQDXFKDOV%DXVWRII]XVFKODJLP$X‰HQSXW]

]XU 2SWLPLHUXQJ GHV 7HPSHUDWXUSUR¿OV YRQ )DV-VDGHQ YHUZHQGHW M^EYER D 'DQHEHQ JLEW HV$QZHQGXQJHQ GLH GLH WKHUPLVFKHQ 6SHLFKHU DNWLYGXUFK5HJHOXQJE]ZJH]LHOWHV$EUXIHQGHU JHVSHLFKHUWHQ:lUPHPLW+LOIHYRQ3XPSHQRGHU 9HQWLODWRUHQ DXVQXW]HQ ]% )X‰ERGHQKHL]XQ -JHQ:DQGKHL]XQJHQ.KOGHFNHQRGHUVHSDUDWH

*HUlWH BINE INFORMATIONSDIENST /DWHQWH :lUPHVSHLFKHUPDWHULDOLHQ ]% 3DUDI¿QH N|Q-QHQLQVROFKHQ$QZHQGXQJHQDXFK]XP:lUPH - WUDQVSRUWHLQJHVHW]WZHUGHQLQGHPVLHGHU:lU-PHWUlJHUÀVVLJNHLW PHLVW :DVVHU ]XJHPLVFKW ZHUGHQ HIRN 'LH *HPLVFKH ZHUGHQ DOV 3KDVH&KDQJH6OXUULHVEH]HLFKQHW

$OV 6DLVRQZlUPHVSHLFKHU KDEHQ /DWHQWVSHLFKHU GHQ9RUWHLOGHVJHULQJHUHQ9ROXPHQEHGDUIVDEHU GHQ1DFKWHLOK|KHUHU.RVWHQ

(LQZHLWHUHV$QZHQGXQJVIHOGLVWGLHSDVVLYHWKHU -PLVFKH 6SHLFKHUXQJ LQ .KOER[HQ IU VHQVLEOH

*WHU]%3KDUPD]HXWLND%OXWSODVPD$XFKLQ .OHLGXQJN|QQHQPLNURYHUNDSVHOWHODWHQWHWKHUPL-VFKH6SHLFKHULQWHJULHUWZHUGHQBINE I^NFORMATI

-ONSDIENST

Chemische Speicher

'LH FKHPLVFKH :lUPHVSHLFKHUXQJ HUIROJW GXUFK XPNHKUEDUH FKHPLVFKH 5HDNWLRQHQ %HL HLQHU HQGRWKHUPHQ5HDNWLRQZLUGGLH]XJHIKUWH:lUPH JHVSHLFKHUW :LUG GLH H[RWKHUPH 5FNUHDNWLRQ DXVJHO|VW ZLUG GLH :lUPH DEJHJHEHQ 0HLVW KDQGHOWHVVLFKEHLGLHVHQ5HDNWLRQHQXP6RUS-WLRQVSUR]HVVH 'DEHL ZLUG HLQ 6WRII PHLVW :DV -VHU YRP 6SHLFKHUPDWHULDO XQWHU :lUPHDEJDEH DG RGHU DEVRUELHUW 'LH XPJHNHKUWH 'HVRUSWLRQ PHLVW :DVHUDEJDEH7URFNQXQJ HUIROJW XQWHU :lUPHDXIQDKPH

(LQJUR‰HU9RUWHLOGHUFKHPLVFKHQ:lUPHVSHLFKH -UXQJLVWGDVVGLHJHVSHLFKHUWH:lUPHEHUGHQ 6SHLFKHU]HLWUDXPKLQZHJQLFKWGXUFK6HOEVWHQWOD -GXQJVSUR]HVVH JHPLQGHUW ZLUG 'DGXUFK N|QQHQ 6SHLFKHUHI¿]LHQ]HQYRQELVIDVWHUUHLFKW ZHUGHQHAUER$XFKEHLGHU(QHUJLHGLFKWH VLQGFKHPLVFKH6SHLFKHUGHQDQGHUHQ7HFKQROR - JLHQEHUOHJHQHUP|JOLFKHQDOVRHLQHVHKUNRP-SDNWH6SHLFKHUXQJYRQ:lUPH'HUKlX¿JYHUZHQ -GHWH=HROLWKKDWHLQH(QHUJLHGLFKWHYRQN:K m (M^EYERDELV]XN:KWH^AUER VLQGUHDOLVLHUEDU1DFKWHLOLJVLQGMHGRFKGLHKRKHQ .RVWHQYRQ±(XURN:KH^AUER'LHVH VLQGYRUDOOHPDXIGLHJHULQJH%HXQG(QWODGHOHLV-WXQJ/HLVWXQJVGLFKWH]XUFN]XIKUHQGXUFKGLH GHU:lUPHWUDQVSRUW]XHLQHPJUR‰HQ.RVWHQIDN-WRUZLUGH^AUER

'LHPHGLHQZLUNVDPVWH$QZHQGXQJZDUYLHOOHLFKW GLH 9HUZHQGXQJ YRQ =HROLWK LP VHOEVWNKOHQGHQ

%LHUIDVV 1DFK GHP JOHLFKHQ 3ULQ]LS DUEHLWHW HLQ 6RODUNKOVFKUDQNGHUIU(QWZLFNOXQJVOlQGHUNRQ-]LSLHUWZXUGH$EHUDXFKLQ:lUPH]ZLVFKHQVSHL -FKHUQYRQ6SOPDVFKLQHQXQGLQ:lUPHSXPSHQ LVW =HROLWK DOV FKHPLVFKHV :lUPHVSHLFKHUPDWH -ULDOLP(LQVDW](LQHZHLWHUHSUDNWLVFKXPJHVHW]WH

$QZHQGXQJVLQG=HROLWKVSHLFKHULQ%ORFNKHL]NUDIW -ZHUNHQMEYERD

'HU (LQVDW] FKHPLVFKHU 6SHLFKHU ]XU *HElXGH-NOLPDWLVLHUXQJ LVW HQHUJHWLVFK HI¿]LHQWHU DOV GHU (LQVDW] YRQ .RPSUHVVLRQVZlUPHSXQSHQ XQG HUP|JOLFKW ]XVlW]OLFK HLQH 5HJXOLHUXQJ GHU /XIW -feuchtigkeit (MEYER

)U 6DLVRQZlUPHVSHLFKHU VLQG FKHPLVFKH 6SHL-cher aufgrund der hohen Energiedichte und dem HQWVSUHFKHQG NOHLQHQ EHQ|WLJWHQ 9ROXPHQ VRZLH GXUFK GLH VHKU KRKH 6SHLFKHUHI¿]LHQ] JHULQJH

:lUPH ZHQQ 4XHOOH XQG 9HUEUDXFKHU ZHQLJHU DOVNPYRQHLQDQGHUHQWIHUQWVLQGH^AUER 'LHV HUZHLWHUW GLH 1XW]XQJVP|JOLFKNHLWHQ LQGXV WULHOOHU$EZlUPH