• Keine Ergebnisse gefunden

4.19.2 5RKVWRI¿QKDOW

Im Dokument Rohstoffe für (Seite 124-128)

4.19.1.6 Sonstige Dünn -schichtzellen

1HEHQGHQKLHUDXIJHIKUWHQ=HOOHQJLEWHVQRFK ZHLWHUH=HOOW\SHQGLHHEHQIDOOV]XU'QQVFKLFKWID - PLOLH]lKOHQ=XHUZlKQHQVLQGKLHUEHLLQVEHVRQ-GHUH GLH RUJDQLVFKHQ 6RODU]HOOHQ 0RWLYDWLRQ EHL GHU (QWZLFNOXQJ GLHVHV =HOOW\SV LVW GLH 1XW]XQJ GHXWOLFK NRVWHQJQVWLJHUHU 0DWHULDOLHQ XQG )HU -WLJXQJVYHUIDKUHQ $OOHUGLQJV VLQG GLH :LUNXQJV-JUDGHELVKHUVHKUJHULQJXQGGLH/HEHQVGDXHULVW PLW ]XU]HLW FD 6WXQGHQ ]XGHP UHFKW NXU]

(VJLEWQRFKNHLQHNRPPHU]LHOOHUKlOWOLFKHQ=HOOHQ RGHU0RGXOHPLWGLHVHU7HFKQRORJLH(LQ%HLVSLHO IUGLHVHQ=HOOW\SLVWGLH)DUEVWRII]HOOH'LHVHUDXFK Ä*UlW]HO=HOOH³ JHQDQQWH =HOO7\S QXW]W lKQOLFK ZLH LQ GHU 3KRWRV\QWKHVH RUJDQLVFKH )DUEVWRIIH ]XU8PZDQGOXQJYRQ/LFKWLQHOHNWULVFKH(QHUJLH 'LH=HOOHQVLQGPHLVWHQVOLODXQGOLHIHUQGHQEHVWHQ :LUNXQJVJUDG DOOHU RUJDQLVFKHQ 6RODU]HOOHQ YRQ

EHU KDEHQ MHGRFK DXIJUXQG DJJUHVVLYHU (OHNWURO\WHHEHQIDOOVHLQHEHJUHQ]WH/HEHQVGDXHU

4.19.2 5RKVWRI¿QKDOW

,P:HLWHUHQZHUGHQQXUGLH7HFKQRORJLHQ&,*6 XQG&G7HEHWUDFKWHWZHLOVLHVHLWPHKUHUHQ-DKUHQ NRPPHU]LHOOYHUIJEDUXQGDXIZLFKWLJH5RKVWRIIH DQJHZLHVHQ VLQG 'LH JUREH =XVDPPHQVHW]XQJ YRQ &G7H E]Z &,*6'QQVFKLFKWPRGXOHQ LVW

$EE]XHQWQHKPHQ

'LH$EELOGXQJYHUDQVFKDXOLFKWGLH'RPLQDQ]YRQ

*ODV XQG 5DKPHQNRQVWUXNWLRQ 'HU *HKDOW DQ +DOEOHLWHUYHUELQGXQJHQ GLH XQWHU Ä'QQVFKLFK-WHOHPHQWH³VXEVXPLHUWZXUGHQLVWGDJHJHQUHODWLY JHULQJ

=XEHDFKWHQLVWGDEHLGDVVYRUGHP/DPLQLHUHQ 0DWHULDOHQWIHUQXQJHQ GXUFK bW]HQ /DVHU XQG

QLFKW VWDWW )HUQHU ZHUGHQ QRFK SUR P FD J ,QGLXPORW VRZLH J .XSIHUGUDKW HLQJHVHW]W 'HV :HLWHUHQVLQGGLH0DWHULDODXVEHXWHQEHLGHQYHU-VFKLHGHQHQ %HVFKLFKWXQJVSUR]HVVHQ ]X EHUFN -VLFKWLJHQ,QVEHVRQGHUHEHLGHQ6SXWWHUSUR]HVVHQ JHODQJHQ]XP7HLOOHGLJOLFKGHVHLQJHVHW]WHQ 7DUJHWPDWHULDOVDXIGDV6XEVWUDW'HQQFD GHV HLQJHVHW]WHQ 7DUJHWPDWHULDOV EOHLEHQ DOV 5HVWVWRII EULJ XQG ZHUGHQ EOLFKHUZHLVH HLQHP 5HF\FOLQJ]XJHIKUWXQGFDGHVHLQJHVHW] -WHQ 7DUJHWPDWHULDOV VFKODJHQ VLFK DXI GHQ .DP-PHUZlQGHQE]Z%OHQGHQQLHGHUNAUJOKS 6FKOLH‰OLFKLVWQRFK]XEHDFKWHQGDVVEHLHLQLJHQ 39=HOOHQ GLH )URQWHOHNWURGH VWDWW DXV =Q2 DOV ,726FKLFKWDXVJHIKUWZLUGZDVLQGLHVHQ)lOOHQ HLQH ZHLWHUH LQGLXPYHUEUDXFKHQGH .RPSRQHQWH GDUVWHOOW

MARWEDE RELLERHQWZLFNHOWHQ6]HQDULHQ IU 0DWHULDOHI¿]LHQ] HQWODQJ GHV /HEHQV]\NOXVµ EHLGHU'QQVFKLFKWWHFKQRORJLHQ6LHEHWUDFKWHWHQ DXFK0DWHULDOYHUOXVWHZlKUHQGGHU%HVFKLFKWXQJ E]ZGXUFK$XVVFKXVVZDUHXQGGDV5HF\FOLQJGLH-VHU9HUOXVWH'LH0DWHULDOQXW]XQJGHU3URGXNWLRQ

Abb. 4.53: Zusammensetzung eines Dünnschicht PV-Moduls (Quelle: SANDER et al. 2007)

ZLUG GDEHL GH¿QLHUW DOV SURGXNWVSH]L¿VFKHU 5RK - VWRIIEHGDUIGXUFKGHQ5RKVWRIIHLQVDW]IUGLH3UR-GXNWLRQ PLQXV GHV UHF\FHOWHQ 0DWHULDOV DXV 3UR -GXNWLRQVDEIlOOHQ'DKHL‰WGDVUHF\FHOWH0DWHULDO DXV3URGXNWLRQVDEIlOOHQZLUGJXWJHVFKULHEHQ$XV GHQEHUHFKQHWHQ0DWHULDOQXW]XQJVHI¿]LHQ]HQODV-VHQ VLFK )DNWRUHQ DEOHLWHQ XP ZLHYLHO PHKU GHU 5RKVWRIIEHGDUIIUGLH3URGXNWLRQGHQHLJHQWOLFKHQ 0DWHULDOLQKDOWGHU0RGXOHEHUVWHLJW

'HU SURGXNWVSH]L¿VFKH 5RKVWRI¿QKDOW SUR :S LVW DEKlQJLJYRQGHU6FKLFKWGLFNHGHUVW|FKLRPHWUL-VFKHQ =XVDPPHQVHW]XQJ XQG GHV :LUNXQJVJUD - GHVGHU6RODU]HOOH,P-DKUODJGLH6FKLFKW-GLFNHGHVZLFKWLJVWHQ&G7H393URGX]HQWHQÄ)LUVW 6RODU³]ZLVFKHQXQG—P1*,GREEN

)UEHLGH7HFKQRORJLHQN|QQHQGHU]HLWLP /DERU=HOOHQPLW—P$EVRUEHUVFKLFKWGLFNHSUR-GX]LHUWZHUGHQNOWSHADHWDOJONESHWDO /DQJIULVWLJ LVW HV P|JOLFK EHU RSWLVFKH Ä/LFKWIDOOHQ³ GLH 6FKLFKWGLFNH DXI XQWHU —P ]X UHGX]LHUHQ

'HU:LUNXQJVJUDGEHVWLPPWZLHYLHO4XDGUDWPH-WHU )OlFKH SUR :DWW 1HQQOHLVWXQJ EHQ|WLJW ZLUG )LUVW 6RODU KDW LP -DKU HLQHQ GXUFKVFKQLWW-OLFKHQ :LUNXQJVJUDG YRQ HUUHLFKW FIRST SOLAR MARWEDE RELLERPLWWHOWHQ GHQ :LUNXQJVJUDG YRQ &,*6 3URGX]HQWHQ ]X

%DVLHUHQGDXIGHPSK\VLNDOLVFK0|JOLFKHQ ZLUG LP RSWLPDOHQ 6]HQDULR DQJHQRPPHQ GDVV

GLH:LUNXQJVJUDGHEHLGHU7HFKQRORJLHQDXI ELV]XP-DKUVWHLJHQN|QQHQGREEN RAUGEIWOODHOUSEHWDO

$XVGHQREHQJHQDQQWHQ'DWHQODVVHQVLFK3DUD -PHWHU ]XU %HUHFKQXQJ GHV SURGXNWLRQVVSH]L¿-VFKHQ5RKVWRIIEHGDUIVLP-DKUDEOHLWHQXQG ]ZHL XQWHUVFKLHGOLFKH 7HFKQRORJLHV]HQDULHQ IU GDV-DKUHQWZLFNHOQVLHKH7DE 'LH'DWHQLQ7DEHUJHEHQVLFKDXVGHUEHL - VSLHOKDIWHQ%HWUDFKWXQJJlQJLJHU%HVFKLFKWXQJV-SUR]HVVHIU&G7HXQG&,*60RGXOH+LHUEOHLEHQ MHGRFK ,QGLXPORWH XQG 6FKLFKWVWUXNWXULHUXQJHQ XQEHUFNVLFKWLJW ZlKUHQG 0DWHULDOYHUOXVWH ZlK -UHQGGHU%HVFKLFKWXQJXQGGXUFK$XVVFKXVVZDUH PLWEHWUDFKWHW ZHUGHQ 'LH 0HQJH DQ UHF\FHOWHP 0DWHULDODXV3URGXNWLRQVDEIlOOHQ$XVVFKXVVZDUH XQG%HVFKLFKWXQJVPDWHULDOLHQZLUGMHGRFKJXWJH -VFKULHEHQ

,QVJHVDPWXQWHUOLHJHQGLH]HOOVSH]L¿VFKHQ*HKDOWH DQ +DOEOHLWHUPDWHULDOLHQ HUKHEOLFKHQ 8QVLFKHU -KHLWHQ 6FKLFKWGLFNHQ XQG %HVFKLFKWXQJVYHUIDK-UHQ KDEHQ HLQHQ ZHVHQWOLFKHQ (LQÀXVV DXI GHQ WDWVlFKOLFKHQ 9HUEUDXFK YRQ +DOEOHLWHUPDWHULDO XQGYDULLHUHQYRQ+HUVWHOOHU]X+HUVWHOOHU)HUQHU XQWHUVFKHLGHQVLHVLFKHUKHEOLFK]ZLVFKHQ/DERU-PD‰VWDEXQG3LORWDQODJHQXQGlQGHUQVLFKDXFK ZlKUHQGGHUDQVFKOLH‰HQGHQ3UR]HVVDXVZHLWXQJ KLQ]XU0DVVHQIHUWLJXQJ

7DE3URGXNWLRQVVSH]L¿VFKHU5RKVWRIIEHGDUIDEKlQJLJYRQ$EVRUEHUVFKLFKWGLFNH :LUNXQJVJUDGXQG0DWHULDOLQHI¿]LHQ]HLJHQH%HUHFKQXQJ

2013 2035

Durchbruch Langsame

Entwicklung

CIGS CdTe CIGS CdTe CIGS CdTe

$EVRUEHU schichtdicke

—P —P —P —P

Wirkungsgrad

0DWHULDOLQHI¿]LHQ] &X*D±

,Q ±

Rohstoffbedarf

>JN:S@D

&X ±

'LH]XNQIWLJH0DUNWHQWZLFNOXQJGHU'QQVFKLFKW 3KRWRYROWDLN KlQJW ZLHGHUXP HQWVFKHLGHQG YRQ GHU*HVDPWHQWZLFNOXQJEHLGHU(QHUJLHQDFKIUDJH XD3UHLVHQIUIRVVLOH(QHUJLHWUlJHUGHUHUQHX - HUEDUHQ(QHUJLHWUlJHULPEHVRQGHUHQXD7HFK-QRORJLHI|UGHUXQJ XQG 9HUJWXQJVEHGLQJXQJHQ XQGGHU3KRWRYROWDLNJDQ]NRQNUHWXD6WDQGGHU 'QQVFKLFKWWHFKQRORJLHDE

,Q GHU 9HUJDQJHQKHLW LVW GDV 'QQVFKLFKWVHJ -PHQW EHUGXUFKVFKQLWWOLFK JHZDFKVHQ ,P -DKU EHWUXJ GLH ZHOWZHLWH 6RODU]HOOHQSURGXNWLRQ

*:p (HERING'HU0DUNWDQWHLOYRQ&G7H EHWUXJ YRQ &,*6 HERING

8P GHQ ]XNQIWLJHQ 5RKVWRIIEHGDUI DE]XVFKlW-]HQ ZXUGHQ ]ZHL 0DUNWVDE]XVFKlW-]HQDULHQ HQWZLFNHOW ,P Ä'XUFKEUXFK³6]HQDULRHUUHLFKHQEHLGH7HFKQROR-JLHQLP-DKUMHHLQHQ0DUNWDQWHLOYRQ GHU MlKUOLFK LQVWDOOLHUWHQ .DSD]LWlW YRQ *:p

ODXW (3,$V ÄDFFHOHUDWHG VFHQDULR³ (3,$

)DOOV VLFK GHU 'QQVFKLFKWPDUNW ODQJVDP HQWZL-FNHOWHUUHLFKWMHGH7HFKQRORJLHHLQHQ0DUNWDQWHLO YRQGHV*HVDPWPDUNWHVLP-DKU6]H-QDULR Ä/DQJVDPH (QWZLFNOXQJ³ 8P DXVJHKHQG YRQGHULQVWDOOLHUWHQ/HLVWXQJLP-DKUDXIGLH HQWVSUHFKHQGLQVWDOOLHUWH/HLVWXQJMH7HFKQRORJLH LP]XNRPPHQZXUGHGLH(QWZLFNOXQJEHLGHU 7HFKQRORJLHQELVVNXUYHQI|UPLJPRGHOOLHUW 7DE IDVVW GLH ZHOWZHLW MlKUOLFK LQVWDOOLHUWH /HLVWXQJYRQ39XQGGHQMlKUOLFKHQ=XEDXIUGLH YHUWLHIW XQWHUVXFKWHQ 'QQVFKLFKW39 =HOOW\SHQ

&,*6XQG&G7H]XVDPPHQ)UGHQ$XVEDXGHU

*D$V=HOOHQ GLH KDXSWVlFKOLFK IU :HOWUDXPDQ - ZHQGXQJHQJHQXW]WZHUGHQNRQQWHQNHLQHVLQQ-YROOHQ3URMHNWLRQHQYRUJHQRPPHQZHUGHQ

)U GDV -DKU HUJLEW VLFK HLQH UHODWLY EUHLWH 6SDQQEUHLWH IU GHQ 5RKVWRIIYHUEUDXFK DXV GHQ 0DWHULDOLQHI¿]LHQ]IDNWRUHQ 7DE $XIJUXQG XQWHUVFKLHGOLFKHU 3URGXNWLRQVWHFKQRORJLHQ XQG HI¿]LHQ]HQ VRZLH IHKOHQGHU ,QIRUPDWLRQHQ OlVVW VLFKNHLQÄ0DUNWGXUFKVFKQLWW³EHVWLPPHQ)UDOOH 5RKVWRIIH DX‰HU IU 6HOHQ LQ GHU Ä/DQJVDPHQ (QWZLFNOXQJ³OLHJWGHUSURJQRVWL]LHUWH5RKVWRIIEH -GDUIIUVRJDULQQHUKDOEGHUDEJHVFKlW]WHQ 6SDQQEUHLWH IU 'DV 'XUFKEUXFKVV]HQDULR ZLUGDOVUHDOLVWLVFKHUDOVGLHÄ/DQJVDPH(QWZLFN-OXQJ³HLQJHVFKlW]W

$XIIlOOLJLVWGDVVDOOH5RKVWRIIEHGDUIHLP6]HQDULR Ä'XUFKEUXFK³QLHGULJHUDOVLP6]HQDULRÄ/DQJVDPH (QWZLFNOXQJ³VLQG'HUGUHLIDFKVRKRKH0DUNWDQ -WHLOZLUGGXUFKGHQJHULQJHUHQSUR]HVVVSH]L¿VFKHQ

%HGDUIEHUNRPSHQVLHUW

'LHSURJQRVWL]LHUWHSURGXNWLRQVVSH]L¿VFKH1DFK - IUDJHQDFK,QGLXPLP-DKUOLHJWWURW]0DUNW-ZDFKVWXPXQWHUGHUPD[LPDOHQ1DFKIUDJHLP-DKU EHGLQJWGXUFK0DWHULDOHI¿]LHQ]PD‰QDKPHQ DXI3URGXNWXQG3UR]HVVHEHQH1DFKGHQ6]HQD-ULHQEHWUlJWGHU,QGLXPEHGDUILP-DKU GHU,QGLXPSURGXNWLRQLP-DKU

'LH*DOOLXPQDFKIUDJHGHU&,*63KRWRYROWDLNOLHJW LP-DKUXQWHUGHU-DKUHVSURGXNWLRQLP -DKU7HQGHQ]LHOOLVWVLHVRJDUEHUVFKlW]W GDDXFKQLFKWJDOOLXPKDOWLJH&,66RODU]HOOHQSUR -GX]LHUWZHUGHQ

6RZRKOGLH*DOOLXPDOVDXFKGLH,QGLXPQDFKIUDJH LQIlOOWGHXWOLFKQLHGULJHUDXVDOVLQGHU3UR -MHNWLRQLQANGERERHWDOIUGDV-DKU

Tab. 4.46: Jährliche Installation von CdTe- und CIGS-Solarmodulen in Megawatt Peak in den Szenarien „Durchbruch“ und „Langsame Entwicklung“ (Quelle: eigene Berechnung)

Jährliche Installation 2013 2035

Durchbruch Langsame Entwicklung

&G7H 0:S 0:S 0:S

&,*6 0:S 0:S 0:S

REZRKOGLHMlKUOLFKH,QVWDOODWLRQVPHQJHLQGLHVHU 9RUVFKDX K|KHU DXVIlOOW 'LH SRWHQWLHOO K|KHUH 5RKVWRIIQDFKIUDJH ZLUG MHGRFK GHXWOLFK NRPSHQ -VLHUW GXUFK ]XNQIWLJH 0DWHULDOHI¿]LHQ]JHZLQQH die in ANGERER HW DO QLFKW EHUFNVLFKWLJW ZXUGHQ

$XFKGLH]XNQIWLJH6HOHQQDFKIUDJHLVWWHQGHQ]LHOO

EHUVFKlW]W GD 6HOHQ ]XPLQGHVW LQ7HLOHQ GXUFK 6FKZHIHOVXEVWLWXLHUWZHUGHQNDQQ'LH]XNQIWLJH 5RKVWRIIQDFKIUDJHOLHJW]ZLVFKHQXQGGHU 3URGXNWLRQLP-DKU

'LH 7HOOXUQDFKIUDJH OLHJW LP -DKU ]ZLVFKHQ XQGGHU-DKUHVSURGXNWLRQ)UGDV-DKU LVW NHLQH 1DFKIUDJHVWHLJHUXQJ DE]XVHKHQ 'DQQ ZHUGHQ ± GHU -DKUHVSURGXNWLRQ YRQEHQ|WLJWFTHENAKISHUZDUWHWGDVV DOOHLQGXUFKGDV:DFKVWXPGHU.XSIHUSURGXNWLRQ EHLGHU7HOOXUDOV%HLSURGXNWJHZRQQHQZLUGGDV 7HOOXUDQJHERW LQ =XNXQIW GHXWOLFK HUZHLWHUW XQG VRPLWGHU]XNQIWLJH5RKVWRIIEHGDUIGHU3KRWRYRO-WDLNJHGHFNWZHUGHQNDQQFTHENAKIS 9HUJOLFKHQPLWGHU3URGXNWLRQVPHQJHDQ.DGPLXP LVWGLH1DFKIUDJHDXVGHU'QQVFKLFKWSKRWRYROWDLN JHULQJ XP +LHU VSLHOW HKHU GLH )UDJH GHU 7R[L]LWlWGHU+DOEOHLWHUYHUELQGXQJ&G7HHLQH5ROOH GLHELVKHUQRFKQLFKWDXVUHLFKHQGXQWHUVXFKWZRU -GHQ LVW %LVKHU IlOOW &G7H39 QRFK QLFKW XQWHU GDV 9HUERW GHU HXURSlLVFKHQ 5R+6 5LFKWOLQLH 5R+6'LUHFWLYH)DOOVLQ=XNXQIWGDV,QYHU-NHKUEULQJHQYRQ&G7H390RGXOHQLQ(XURSDYHU

-ERWHQZLUGZLUGGDVHLQHGLUHNWH$XVZLUNXQJDXI GLH5RKVWRIIQDFKIUDJHKDEHQ'LHVZLUGYRUDOOHP IU7HOOXUDXVVFKODJJHEHQGVHLQGDIU7HOOXUGLH

&G7H39,QGXVWULHHLQHUGHU+DXSWQDFKIUDJHULVW (LQHDEVROXWHJHRORJLVFKH.QDSSKHLWYRQ7HOOXU RGHU,QGLXPLVWXQZDKUVFKHLQOLFKDEHUKRKH5RK -VWRIISUHLVH EHGLQJW GXUFK HLQ 1DFKIUDJH$QJH-ERWVXQJOHLFKJHZLFKWN|QQWHIUGLH+HUVWHOOHUHLQ 3UREOHP ZHUGHQ %HLGH 0DWHULDOLHQ VLQG %HLSUR-GXNWH YRQ %DVLVPHWDOOHQ DOVR DEKlQJLJ YRP

$EEDXXQGGHU5DI¿QDWLRQGLHVHU0HWDOOH 'LH ]XNQIWLJH (QWZLFNOXQJ YRQ &,*6'QQ-VFKLFKWSKRWRYROWDLN LVW DXFK DEKlQJLJ GDYRQ ZDV +HUVWHOOHU DQGHUHU 7HFKQRORJLHQ ZLH /('V 'LVSOD\VRGHU,&VIUGLH0DWHULDOLHQ,QGLXPXQG

*DOOLXP]DKOHQN|QQHQ6RNDQQ]XP%HLVSLHOHLQ /&'79+HUVWHOOHUGHXWOLFKEHVVHU3UHLVVWHLJHUXQ-JHQ YHUNUDIWHQ ZHLO GHU :HUWDQWHLO GHV ,QGLXPV JHPHVVHQ DP 9HUNDXIVSUHLV GHXWOLFK QLHGULJHU DOV EHL &,*66RODUPRGXOHQ LVW MARWEDE

=XGHPN|QQHQ/&'+HUVWHOOHUDXIP|JOLFKH6XE -VWLWXWH ]XUFNJUHLIHQ ZHQQ GLH ,QGLXPSUHLVH ]X KRFK ZHUGHQ ZDV &,*6+HUVWHOOHUQ QXU EHGLQJW P|JOLFKLVWGXUFKGLH6XEVWLWXWLRQYRQ,QPLW*D lQGHUWPDQGLH%DQGOFNHXQGDX‰HUGHPLVW*DO -OLXPlKQOLFKWHXHUXQGNULWLVFKZLH,QGLXP

&G7H39+HUVWHOOHU VLQG VWDUN DEKlQJLJ YRQ GHU 7HOOXUYHUIJEDUNHLW$OOHUGLQJVVLQNWGLH1DFKIUDJH DQGHUHU7HFKQRORJLHQQDFK7HOOXU'DVNDQQGD]X IKUHQ GDVV GHU 7HOOXUSUHLV VLQNW ZDV GHQ$XV -Tab. 4.47: Globale Produktion (Quelle: BGR 2015b) und Rohstoffbedarf für Dünnschicht-PV in t

Rohstoff Produktion 2013 Bedarf 2013 Bedarfsvorschau 2035 Durchbruch

Bedarfsvorschau 2035 Langsame Entwicklung

.XSIHU %

B: Bergwerksförderung 55DI¿QDGHSURGXNWLRQ P: Primärproduktion

1 Quelle: USGS 2014b, 2015a

2 Quelle: Marwede 2013

Im Dokument Rohstoffe für (Seite 124-128)