4.29.2 5RKVWRI¿QKDOW

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Direct Drive

5HOXNWDQ]JHWULHEHQ Reluktanz-Generator

Abb. 4.81: Materialbedarf einer Windkraftanlage (Quelle: S^EILER & W^OIDASKY2013)

Tab. 4.76: Materialbedarf für Windenergie in t/MW gemäß verschiedener Quellen: [A] Anhang von (MOSS et al. 2011), [B] (VALPY o. J.), [C] (KLEIJN, VANDER VOET2010), [D] Datensätze aus EcoInvent, [E] (S^CHRIEFL et al. 2013), [F] eigene Berechnungen, [G] (H^ARMSEN et al. 2013), [H] (VIDAL et al. 2013). Für Prognosen übernommene Werte sind fett hervorgehoben Quelle [A]/[B] [C]/[D] [C]/[D] [E]/[B] [E]/[D] [F]/[C] [G] [H]

Details

Getriebe- WKA, Off-shore, ohne Fundament

PM-DD-2 MW- Offshore-WKA

800-kW- On shore

Getriebe- WKA, offshore, mit Fundament

On- shore

On-/

Offshore Durch-schnitt 6WDKO

Eisen 340,00

.XSIHU 2,00

$OXPLQLXP 2,00

&KURP 0,9492

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Tab. 4.78: Prozentualer Anteil der Seltenerdelemente an der Magnetmasse ([A]-[D]) bzw. Seltene Erden-Elementmasse ([E]) gemäß ([A] (VIEBAHN et al. 2014), [B] (EUROPEAN COMMISSION

2011), [C] (H^OENDERDAAL et al. 2013), [D] (M^OSS et al. 2011), [E] (H^ABIB et al. 2014), [F] (BUCHERT 2011)

Anteil Seltene Erdmetalle in % [A]/[B] [C] [D] [E] [F]

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4.29.3 Foresight

industrielle Nutzung

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Tab. 4.79: Benötigte Mengen an den Seltenerdelementen Nd, Dy, Pr, Tb für Windkraftanlagen verschiedener Bautypen, welche NdFeB-Permanentmagneten enthalten (vgl. Tab.

4.75), berechnet nach Angaben unterschiedlicher Quellen ([A] (VIEBAHN et al. 2014), [B] (E^UROPEAN C^OMMISSION2011), [C] (H^OENDERDAAL et al. 2013), [D] (M^OSS et al. 2011), [E] (HABIB et al. 2014), [F] (BUCHERT 2011))

Masse in kg/MW [A]/[B] [C] [D] [E] [F]

Permanentmagnetisch erregte Direct-Drive-WKA

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Permanentmagnetisch erregte Getriebe-High-Speed-WKA

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Tab. 4.80: Prognosen für das Wachstum der Windenergiegewinnung aus IEA (2013c), GWEC et al. (2014) und K^LEIJN & ^VANDER V^OET(2010). Daten, die für die Prognosen der vorliegenden Studie übernommen wurden, sind fett hervorgehoben

Szenarien

Wachstums-raten 2014 – 2020 – 2030

2035 durch Wind-kraft erzeugte Energie (TWh)

Bis 2035 angewach-sene Windkraftka-pazität in TW

2035 Neu installierte Windkraftleistung inkl.

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Direct-Dri-0 %

Permanentmagnetisch erregte

Synchrongeneratoren mit Getriebe, High Speed

Permanentmagnetisch erregte

Synchrongeneratoren mit Getriebe, Middle Speed

Permanentmagnetisch erregte Synchrongeneratoren ohne Getriebe

niedriger Anteil NdFeB moderater Anteil NdFeB hoher Anteil NdFeB

Szenario

Abb. 4.82: Annahmen des Technologieanteils permanentmagnetisch erregter

Antriebstechnologien an 2035 weltweit neu gebauten WKA in Szenarien für geringen, moderaten und hohen Anteil der permanent-magnetischen Technologien

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Niedrig Moderat Hoch

Anteil permanentmagnetisch erregter Technologien

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Niedrig (1 %) Moderat (1,5 %) Hoch (2 %)

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Abb. 4.84: Bedarf an Dysprosium (Dy) in t (Metall) für Permanentmagneten in 2035 gebauten Windkraftanlagen nach verschiedenen Szenarien

Tab. 4.81: Globale Produktion (Quelle: BGR 2015b) und Rohstoffbedarf für neu gebaute Windkraftanlagen in t

Rohstoff Produktion 2013 Bedarf 2013 Bedarfsvorschau 2035

Rohstahl

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Chemie-, Prozess-, Fertigungs-

Im Dokument Rohstoffe für (Seite 180-188)