• Keine Ergebnisse gefunden

4.3.2 5RKVWRI¿QKDOW

Im Dokument Rohstoffe für (Seite 46-50)

'HU (OHNWURO\W LQ GHU 3RO\PHUHOHNWURO\WPHP-EUDQ%UHQQVWRII]HOOH 3(0 EHVWHKW DXV HLQHU GQQHQ VDXUHQ ,RQHQDXVWDXVFKHUPHPEUDQ GLH DOV 3URWRQHQOHLWHU ZLUNW hEOLFKHUZHLVH ZHUGHQ ÀXRULHUWH %DVLVSRO\PHUH YHUZHQGHW GLH GXUFK GHQ(LQEDXYRQ6XOIRQVlXUHJUXSSHQLRQHQOHLWHQG JHPDFKW ZXUGHQ ZLH ]% 1D¿RQ$OV .DWDO\VD-WRUZLUGLQGHU5HJHONRKOHJHWUlJHUWHV3ODWLQYHU -ZHQGHW,QGHQOHW]WHQ-DKUHQLVWHVJHOXQJHQGLH QRWZHQGLJHQ(GHOPHWDOOJHKDOWHDXIFDJ3ODWLQ SURN:/HLVWXQJLQ3(0V]XVHQNHQMOUGENOT

HW DO 'DV DPHULNDQLVFKH (QHUJLHPLQLV -WHULXP '2( KDW LQ VHLQHP +\GURJHQ DQG )XHO

&HOOV 3URJUDP 3ODQ HLQHQ =LHOZHUW YRQ JN:

JHVHW]W'2('LHVHU:HUWZLUGYRQHLQLJHQ Forschergruppen bereits erreicht (MARTIN HW DO ,QGHU/LWHUDWXU¿QGHQVLFKDXFKQRFKJHULQ-JHUH :HUWH EHL 9HUZHQGXQJ YRQ GRWLHUWHQ .RK -OHQVWRIIQDQRU|KUFKHQ engl. &DUERQ 1DQRWXEHV

&17VN|QQWH]XNQIWLJYLHOOHLFKWDXFKYROOVWlQGLJ DXI3ODWLQYHU]LFKWHWZHUGHQLE GOFF HWDO 9RQ %HGHXWXQJ VLQG DXFK GLH 3HULSKHULH GHU

%UHQQVWRII]HOOH XQG LKUH ,QWHJUDWLRQ LQ GDV )DKU -]HXJJHVDPWNRQ]HSW'D]XJHK|UHQ*HEOlVHRGHU 9HUGLFKWHU 6\VWHPUHJHOXQJ IU :DVVHUVWRII XQG /XIWYHUVRUJXQJ 6LFKHUKHLWVVHQVRUHQ XD GHU 7UDNWLRQVPRWRUDOVHLQHZHLWHUHZHVHQWOLFKH.RP -SRQHQWHYHUJOHLFKH.DSLWHO

'HUHOHNWULVFKH/HLVWXQJVEHGDUIYRQ)DKU]HXJHQ QLPPW LQIROJH GHV ]XQHKPHQGHQ (LQVDW]HV YRQ (OHNWURPRWRUHQVWHWLJ]X/DXIHQGH(QWZLFNOXQJHQ GHXWHQDXIHLQHZHLWHUH(UK|KXQJGHVHOHNWULVFKHQ /HLVWXQJVEHGDUIVGXUFKVRJHQDQQWHÄE\ZLUH/|-VXQJHQ³DXFKEHL)DKU]HXJHQPLW9HUEUHQQXQJV

-ÄE\ZLUH/|VXQJHQ³ WENGEL & SCHIRRMEISTER

KAISERHWDO

4.3.3 Foresight industrielle Nutzung

1DFKGHP /HLVWXQJV XQG .RVWHQ]LHOH QLFKW VR VFKQHOOHUUHLFKWZHUGHQNRQQWHQZLHJHSODQWHQWZL-FNHOWGLH$XWRPRELOLQGXVWULH]XU]HLWYHUVWlUNW+\E - ULGIDKU]HXJH'HQQRFKJDEHVLPPHUZLHGHU.OHLQ-VHULHQ YRQ %UHQQVWRII]HOOHQIDKU]HXJHQ ]XOHW]W NDP$QIDQJGHU0LUDLDOVHUVWHV%UHQQVWRII-]HOOHQ6HULHQIDKU]HXJDXIGHQMDSDQLVFKHQ0DUNW (V LVW PLW HLQHP 36 (OHNWURPRWRU DXVJHUV-WHWGLH+|FKVWJHVFKZLQGLJNHLWOLHJWEHLNPK ,P HUVWHQ -DKU GHU 0DUNWHLQIKUXQJ VROOHQ 6WFNJHEDXWZHUGHQ6HLW+HUEVWZLUG GHU 0LUDL LQ 'HXWVFKODQG GHQ 86$ XQG DQGHUHQ /lQGHUQ DXVJHOLHIHUW'HU 3UHLVYRQ¼IU GDVWULJH)DKU]HXJXQGGDVQRFKVHKUGQQH 7DQNVWHOOHQQHW]IU:DVVHUVWRIIZHUGHQGHQ$EVDW]

EUHPVHQ,QGHQ86$ELHWHW7R\RWDGHQ0LUDLPLW ¼ EHL HLQHP :HFKVHONXUV YRQ

¼DPGHXWOLFKJQVWLJHUDQ'LH 5HLFKZHLWHNRPPWPLWNPVFKRQVHKUQDKHDQ

%HQ]LQXQG'LHVHOIDKU]HXJHKHUDQFRAHM 2E XQG LQZLHZHLW %UHQQVWRIIIDKU]HXJH ]XNQIWLJ HLQHQ JU|‰HUHQ 0DUNWDQWHLO JHZLQQHQ N|QQHQ KlQJWYRQYLHOHQ)DNWRUHQDEGLH]XP7HLOLP)DKU -]HXJEDX6SHLFKHUGLFKWH5HLFKZHLWHDEHU]XP 7HLODXFKLQDQGHUHQ%HUHLFKHQOLHJHQ9HUKlOWQLV GHU.RVWHQYRQ6WURP]X%HQ]LQ(QWZLFNOXQJHLQHU :DVVHUVWRIIZLUWVFKDIWXD

7DE6SH]L¿VFKHU3ODWLQEHGDUIEHLP Brennstoffzellen-Antriebsstrang

g pro kW Leistung

2013 2035

3ODWLQ

Szenario für Brennstoffzellenfahrzeuge

)UGLH(QWZLFNOXQJGHVZHOWZHLWHQ3.:0DUNWV ZXUGHQGLHGUHL6]HQDULHQGHVDP)UDXQKRIHU,6, HUVWHOOWHQ*OREDO0RELOLW\0RGHO*/202KÜHN et DOSCHADEHWDOEHUQRPPHQZHOFKH EHUHLWVLQ.DSLWHOEHVFKULHEHQZXUGHQ

Andere PEM-Brennstoffzellenmärkte

*HPHVVHQ DQ GHP DXWRPRELOHQ 6HNWRU VLQG DQGHUH$QZHQGXQJHQ YRQ 3(0%UHQQVWRII]HOOHQ ZLH GLH VWDWLRQlUH +DXVHQHUJLHYHUVRUJXQJ RGHU GLH6WURPYHUVRUJXQJSRUWDEOHU*HUlWH]ZDU|NR - QRPLVFKXQGIUGLH0DUNWHLQIKUXQJYRQ%UHQQ-VWRII]HOOHQ LQWHUHVVDQW DEHU UHODWLY XQEHGHXWHQG LQLKUHULQVWDOOLHUWHQ/HLVWXQJ'HVKDOEZHUGHQVLH KLHUQLFKWZHLWHUEHWUDFKWHW

4.3.4 Foresight Rohstoffbedarf

$XVJHKHQGYRQGHU$Q]DKOGHU)DKU]HXJHLQ7DE XQGHLQHUXQWHUVWHOOWHQ0RWRUOHLVWXQJYRQFD N: HUJLEW VLFK HLQH LQVWDOOLHUWH /HLVWXQJ YRQ FD ELV *: LQ %UHQQVWRII]HOOHQIDKU]HX-JHQ GHV -DKUHV 0LW GHP :HUW YRQ J 3ODWLQ SUR N: HUJLEW VLFK MH QDFK 6]HQDULR HLQ ]XNQIWLJHU %HGDUI YRQ ELV W 3ODWLQ SUR -DKU YHUJOHLFKH 7DE 'LHV LVW HLQ EHGHXWHQGHU

$QWHLO GHUKHXWLJHQ :HOWSURGXNWLRQ'LHVH RIIHQH 6FKHUH]ZLVFKHQ3URGXNWLRQXQG%HGDUIZLUGYRQ HLQLJHQ$XWRUHQDOV]XNQIWLJQRFKZHLWHU|IIQHQG JHVHKHQHWZDGXUFKVWUHQJHUH(PLVVLRQVQRUPHQ XQG(LQIKUXQJGHV'UHLZHJHNDWDO\VDWRUVZHOWZHLW (SCHADEHWDO$QGHUHVDJHQODQJIULVWLJHLQH Entspannung durch den technischen Fortschritt

voraus (DWV

'LH (QWZLFNOXQJ GHU .RPSRQHQWHQ GHU 3(0%UHQQVWRII]HOOHQLVWQRFKVWDUNLP)OXVVZLH

Tab. 4.8: Globale Produktion (Quelle: BGR 2015b) und Rohstoffbedarf für Brennstoffzellenfahr-zeuge in t (Bedarfsvorschau für drei Szenarien; K: Prävalenz konventioneller PKW, E: Marktdurchdringung E-PKW, M: Mobilitätskonzepte)

Rohstoff Produktion 2013

(Bergwerksförderung) Bedarf 2013 Bedarfsvorschau 2035

K E M

3ODWLQ ! !

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Anzahl angemeldete Patente

Bipolarplatte Membran

Gas Diffusion Layer

Abb. 4.9: Patententwicklung der Komponenten der PEM-Brennstoffzelle (Quelle: eigene Darstellung)

.DWDO\VDWRUV\VWHPH3ODWLQVXEVWLWXLHUHQN|QQHQ

$XI GHU DQGHUHQ 6HLWH LVW GLH ZHOWZHLWH (QWZLFN-OXQJLPPRELOHQ6HNWRUHEHQIDOOVVFKZLHULJHLQ]X -VFKlW]HQGDVLFKKLHU/RZ&RVW$XWRVHLQHUVHLWV XQG+LJKWHFK)DKU]HXJHPLWHOHNWURQLVFKHQ)DK - UHU$VVLVWHQ]XQG6LFKHUKHLWVV\VWHPHQDQGHUHU-VHLWVJHJHQEHUVWHKHQ%LVLVWDXFKXQNODU LQZLHZHLW GHU hEHUJDQJ YRP 0LQHUDO|O ]X QDFK-ZDFKVHQGHQ.UDIWVWRIIHQJHOLQJW

4.3.5 Recycling, Ressourcen-HI¿]LHQ]XQG6XEVWLWXWLRQ

5FNJHZLQQXQJVUDWHQ EHLP 5HF\FOLQJ YRQ (GHO -PHWDOOHQ OLHJHQ EHL KHXWH EHNDQQWHQ$QZHQGXQ-JHQVHLW-DKUHQEHLPHKUDOVHASSAN

$QGHQ5HF\FOLQJYHUIDKUHQIU3(0%UHQQVWRII]HO-4.4.1 Technologiebeschreibung

6XSHUNRQGHQVDWRUHQRGHUJHQDXHU'RSSHOVFKLFKW-NRQGHQVDWRUHQ('/& HOHFWURFKHPLFDOGRXEOH OD\HUFDSDFLWRUDXFK6XSHURGHU8OWUDFDSDFLWRUV 6XSHUFDSVRGHU8OWUDFDSVJHQDQQWZHLVHQHLQH EHVRQGHUVKRKH.DSD]LWlWXQGGDPLWHLQHEHVRQ-GHUV KRKH VSH]L¿VFKH /DGXQJVGLFKWH DXI 'LHVH EHUXKW DXI GHU 'LVVR]LDWLRQ YRQ ,RQHQ LQ HLQHP ÀVVLJHQ (OHNWURO\W ZHOFKH EHL $QOHJHQ HLQHU 6SDQQXQJHLQ'LHOHNWULNXPYRQZHQLJHQ$WRPOD-JHQ ELOGHQ LQGHP VLH VLFK DQ GLH MHZHLOV XPJH -NHKUWJHSROWH(OHNWURGHDQODJHUQYJO$EE :LFKWLJ LVW GDEHL HLQH H[WUHP JUR‰H (OHNWURGHQ -ÀlFKH ZHVKDOE YD $NWLYNRKOH DXIJUXQG VHLQHV JUR‰HQ 3RUHQYROXPHQV DOV (OHNWURGH YHUZHQGHW ZLUG'DQHEHQZHUGHQDXFK.RKOHQVWRII$HURJHOH

Abb. 4.10: Funktionsprinzip eines elektrischen Doppelschichtkondensators (Quelle: Elcap, WIKIMEDIA, CC0)

PLW JU|‰HUHU VSH]L¿VFKHU 2EHUÀlFKH HLQJHVHW]W (FISCHLELQGHQOHW]WHQ-DKUHQZXUGHQDXFK

*UDSKHQXQG.RKOHQVWRIIQDQRU|KUFKHQHLQJHVHW]W

$OV (OHNWURO\W GLHQHQ ]XPHLVW RUJDQLVFKH /|VXQ -JHQDXVVSH]LHOOHQTXDWHUQlUHQ6DO]HQPLWHLQHU 'LVVR]LDWLRQVVSDQQXQJYRQEHU9$EHUDXFK ZlVVULJH /|VXQJHQ PLW .DOLODXJH .2+ RGHU 6FKZHIHOVlXUH+62 PLW HLQHU 'LVVR]LDWLRQV -VSDQQXQJ YRQ 9 ¿QGHQ 9HUZHQGXQJ 'LHVH (OHNWURO\WH VLQG LP *HJHQVDW] ]X NRQYHQWLRQHO - OHQ.RQGHQVDWRUHQLRQHQOHLWHQGDEHUQLFKWHOHN-WURQHQOHLWHQG$XI GLH (OHNWURGHQ ZHUGHQ ]XGHP QRFK 6WURPNROOHNWRUHQ DXIJHWUDJHQ LQ RUJDQL-VFKHQ6\VWHPHQ$OXPLQLXPXQGLQZlVVULJHQ7LWDQ RGHU7DQWDO6XSHUFDSVPLWZlVVULJHQ(OHNWURO\WHQ ZHLVHQ HLQHQ GHXWOLFK K|KHUHQ 6HULHQZLGHUVWDQG XQGHLQHJHULQJH$UEHLWVSDQQXQJDXI'LH7UHQQ-schicht, die verhindert, dass sich die Elektroden EHUKUHQPXVVLRQHQGXUFKOlVVLJVHLQZHQQGHU 'RSSHOVFKLFKWNRQGHQVDWRU ZLH NRQYHQWLRQHOOH .RQGHQVDWRUHQDOV:LFNHODXIJHEDXWLVW%HLRUJD-QLVFKHQ (OHNWURO\WHQ ZHUGHQ KLHU]X .XQVWVWRIIH ZLH3RO\SURS\OHQ3RO\HVWHU3RO\VW\URORGHU7HÀRQ YHUZHQGHW %HL ZlVVULJHQ (OHNWURO\WHQ NRPPHQ

*ODVIDVHUQRGHU.HUDPLNHQ]XP(LQVDW].DSD]L-WlWHQXQG%HWULHEVVSDQQXQJHQODVVHQVLFKGXUFK 3DUDOOHO E]Z 5HLKHQVFKDOWXQJ PHKUHUHU =HOOHQ YHUJU|‰HUQ

(LQ ('/& PLW HLQHU VSH]L¿VFKHQ .DSD]LWlW YRQ ) KDW VFKRQ HLQH (OHNWURGHQREHUÀlFKH YRQ HWZD NP 'HU .RQGHQVDWRU VHOEVW LVW DEHU

JHUDGHPDOVRJUR‰ZLHHLQ)LQJHUKXW$OOHUGLQJV VLQGGLH'LFNHGHV'LHOHNWULNXPVXQGGLH.DSD]L-WlW XPJHNHKUW SURSRUWLRQDO ]XHLQDQGHU VWHKHQGH

*U|‰HQ'LH'LFNHGHU'RSSHOVFKLFKWEHWUlJWQXU ZHQLJHcQJVWU|P

'RSSHOVFKLFKWNRQGHQVDWRUHQKDEHQHLQHOlQJHUH /HEHQVGDXHUGXUFKLKUHP|JOLFKH=\NOHQ]DKOELV ]X 0LR XQG N|QQHQ VHKU VFKQHOO HQWODGHQ XQG DXIJHODGHQZHUGHQ%HL$NNXPXODWRUHQXQG%DW-WHULHQZlUHGDVQXUXQWHUJUR‰HP/HLVWXQJVDEIDOO P|JOLFK'DVOLHJWGDUDQGDVV$NNXPXODWRUHQXQG

%DWWHULHQLKUH(QHUJLHHOHNWURFKHPLVFKVSHLFKHUQ GLH6XSHUFDSVMHGRFKHOHNWURVWDWLVFK=ZDUZHLVHQ 6XSHUFDSVHLQHJHULQJH(QHUJLHGLFKWHDXIVLHN|Q -QHQDEHUK|KHUH/HLVWXQJHQDEJHEHQ'LHNXU]H /DGHXQG(QWODGH]HLWLVWLQYLHOHQ$QZHQGXQJHQ YRQ 9RUWHLO 'HU %HWULHE YRQ +RFKOHLVWXQJVNRQ-GHQVDWRUHQ LVW QDKH]X ZDUWXQJVIUHL 6XSHUFDSV IOOHQ GLH /FNH LQ GHU (QHUJLHGLFKWH ]ZLVFKHQ

%DWWHULHV\VWHPHQ XQG KHUN|PPOLFKHQ .RQGHQ -VDWRUHQYJO$EE'XUFKVHLQHH[WUHPKRKH /HLVWXQJVGLFKWH NDQQ HLQ 'RSSHOVFKLFKWNRQGHQ-VDWRU YRU DOOHP 6\VWHPH SXIIHUQ GLH NXU]]HLWLJ HLQHQKRKHQ6WURPDEJHEHQRGHUEHQ|WLJHQ(LQ

$QZHQGXQJVEHLVSLHOLVWGDV%UHPVHQHLQHV$XWRV GLH%UHPVHQHUJLHNDQQJHVSHLFKHUWXQGNXU]H=HLW VSlWHU ZLHGHU ]XP$QIDKUHQ YHUZHQGHW ZHUGHQ 'HU (LQVDW] LP 3HUVRQHQZDJHQ KlQJW DOOHUGLQJV VWDUNYRQGHQ.RVWHQGHV.RQGHQVDWRUVDEKÖTZ

HWDO

Abb. 4.11: Bauformen von Doppelschichtkondensatoren und Modulen (Quelle: WIMA)

Im Dokument Rohstoffe für (Seite 46-50)