Munich Personal RePEc Archive
Governance of Islamic Waqf
Elasrag, Hussein
March 2012
Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38708/
MPRA Paper No. 38708, posted 09 May 2012 17:52 UTC
ﻡﻴﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﷲﺍ ﻡﺴﺒ
ﻥﺎﺴﺤﺈﺒ ﻡﻬﻝ ﻥﻴﻌﺒﺎﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺒﻴﻁﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺒﺎﺤﺼ ﻥﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻀﺭﻭ ﻪﻝﺁﻭ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺎﻨﻴﺒﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻼﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﻼﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﷲ ﺩﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻴ ﻰﻝﺍ
ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤ
ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ
: ﺝﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥﻴﺴﺤ
ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤ
، ﻰﻤﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻬﻌﻤ ﻡﻭﻠﺒﺩ
، ﻯﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺙﺤﺎﺒ لﻭﺃ
ﺯﻭﺒ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺭﻴﺩﻤﻭ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍ
ﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﺭﺼﻤﻝﺍ
:(ﺔﻠﺴﺍﺭﻤﻠﻝ) لﺯﻨﻤ ﻰﻀﺍﺭ ﺕﻴﻤ
13826 -
ﺎﻬﻨﺒ - ﺔﻴﺒﻭﻴﻠﻘﻝﺍ -
ﺭﺼﻤ
:لﻤﻋ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ - ﺱﻴﺴﻤﺭ ﻉﺭﺎﺸ ﺩﺍﺩﺘﻤﺍ -
ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﺝﺍﺭﺒﺃ -
ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﻰﻨﺒﻤ -
ﺝﺭﺒﻝﺍ
ﺱﻤﺎﺨﻝﺍ - ﻊﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ -
ﻡﻗﺭ ﺓﺭﺠﺤ
ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤ
ﺹﺨﻠﻤﻝﺍ
ﺔﻗﺭﻭﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻑﺩﻬﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ
ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝ ﺓﺩﻴﺸﺭﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﻠﺴ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺃ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﻭﻀﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻘﻝﺇ
ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻙﺸ ﻻ ﺎﻤﻤﻭ ." ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤﻝﺍ " ﻡﺴﺎﺒ ﺍﺭﺎﺼﺘﺨﺍ ﻪﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﺍ ﺎﻤ ﻭﺃ ،ﻰﻤﻼﺴﻻﺍ ﻓ ،ﻥﻵﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ لﺘﺤﺘ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ لﺜﻤﺘﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ، لﻭﺤﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻩﺩﻬﺸﻴ ﺎﻤ لﻅ ﻲ
ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠ ﻑﺎﻗﻭﺃ ﺱﻴﺴﺄﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﺇ ﺭﻀﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻑﺎﻗﻭﻷﺍ ﺱﻴﺴﺄﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﻠﻜﻴﻫ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ،ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺘ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤ ﺔﺒﺎﺜﻤﺒ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻝﻭﺼﻷ ﺔﻴﻗﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺱﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻝﻭﺼﺃ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺔﻴ
، ﻭﺃ.ﻱﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﺍ ﺭﺨﻵﺍﻭ ،ﻲﻔﻗﻭ ﺎﻤﻫﺩﺤﺃ :ﻥﻴﻤﺴﻗ ﻥﻤ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﻴﻭ
ﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺔﻴﻔﻗﻭ ﻕﻴﺩﺎﻨﺼ ﺱﻴﺴﺄﺘ ﺓ
،ﺕﺎﻋﺭﺒﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻤﺴﺃﺭ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﺘ ،ﺎﻬﻝﻭﺼﻷ ﺔﻴﻗﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺎﺒ
ﻪﻌﺒﺘﺘﺴﻴ ﺎﻤ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺩﺍﺩﺯﻴ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻌﻝﻭ.ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺱﺴﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺍﺩﺘﻭ ،ﻁﻘﻓ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﺍ ﺩﺌﺍﻭﻋﻭ ﻭﺭﻀ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫ .ﻥﻜﻤﻤ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ لﻀﻓﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺀﺍﺩﺄﺒ لﻭﺼﻭﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻪﻤﻴﻭﻘﺘﻭ ﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔﺒﻗﺍﺭﻤ ﺓﺭ
ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤﻝ ﺔﺠﺎﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﻰﻔﻗﻭﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ
ﻝﺍ :ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ
ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤ
ﻥﺃﻭ ﻉﺎﻤﺠﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻨﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻴﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ّلﺩ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺭﺠﻓ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻊﺠﺭﻴ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﻥﺇ
ﺎﻔﻨﻹﺍ ﻩﻭﺠﻭ لﻀﻓﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺩﻘﻝﻭ .ﹰﺍﺭﺜﺃ ﺎﻫﺎﻘﺒﺃﻭ ﹰﺎﻌﻔﻨ ﺎﻬﻤﻭﺩﺃﻭ ﺓﺩﺌﺎﻓ ﺎﻬﻤﻋﺃﻭ ،ﻕ
ﻡﻅﺎﻌﺘ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﺒ
ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺁﻭ
ﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤ ﻲﻓ
ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ
ﺔﺌﺸﺎﻨﻝﺍﻭ
، ﺔﻓﺎﻜ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﺎﻬﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ
ﺩﻭﻘﻌﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻘﻝﺍ
،ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ
ﻲﻓ ﺏﺎﻘﻋﺃ ﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﻬﻨ
ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻷﺍﻭ
،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺀﺎﺠ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ
ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻜ ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤ
ﺭﻭﺼﻘﻠﻝ ﻲﻓ
ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺁ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻔﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺽﻌﺒﺒ
ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ
ﺓﺭﺒﺨﻝﺍ ﺹﻘﻨﻭ ﻑﺍﺭﺸﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﺎﻗﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻴﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺭﺎﻘﺘﻓﺍﻭ،ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ
ﻲﺘﻝﺍ، ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺭﺜﺃ
ﺏﻠﺴﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻓ
لﻜ ﻥﻤ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺴ،ﺎﻬﻌﻤ
ﺀﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻭﺼﺒ ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤ
ﻭﺃ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻭ.
ﻲﻓ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ لﻴﻌﻔﺘﻝ ﺍﺩﺎﺠ ﺎﻬﺠﻭﺘ ﺕﺩﻬﺸ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﻨﻭﻵﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ﺭﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺒﻘﺤ ﻥﺎﺒﺇ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﺘ ﻪﺠﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ .ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﺤﺘ
ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﺀﻯﺩﺎﺒﻤ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻰﻝﺍ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ
ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻝ
ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ
ﻲﻓ ﻉﻭﺒﺭ ﺎﻨﻨﻁﻭ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺎﻨﻤﻝﺎﻋﻭ
ﺔﺼﺎﺨ،
ﻩﺩﻬﺸﺘ ﺎﻤ ﻊﻤ
لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻔﻗﻭﻝﺍ
ﺎﻬﺒﺎﺴﺘﻜﺍﻭ ﺎﻌﺒﺎﻁ
،ﺎﻴﺘﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺍﺩﻴﻌﺒ
ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ لﻜ ﻥﻋ
ﺔﻴﻭﻔﻌﻝﺍ .ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺠﺘﺭﻻﺍﻭ
ﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺩﻋ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺍ ﺩﺠﻨ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨ ﻰﻝﺍ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﻭ ﻼﺼﺃ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤ
ﻝﺍ ﻼﻌﻓ ﺓﺭﺜﺅﻤ ﻰﻓ
ﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻗﻭ
ﻔ (ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ) ﻉﺭﺒﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺹﺨﺸﻝﺍﻭ (ﻑﻭﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍ ) ﻲﻔﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ لﺜﻤ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺩﺠﻨ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺔﻴ
.ﻩﺭﺨﺁ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻔﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍﻭ ﻑﻗﻭﻠﻝ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﻝﺍﻭ (ﻡﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻑﻭﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍ ) ﻥﻴﺩﻴﻔﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ
ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﺏﺠﻭﺘﺴﻴ ﻯﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﺱﺴﺃﻭ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘ
ﻲﻓ ﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘ لﻴﺒﺴ ﻔ
ﺔﻴ ﻕﻘﺤﺘﻝ
ﺎﻬﺒ ﺔﻁﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻻﺍ ﻭ،
ﺭﺘ ﺘ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﺎﻗﺭﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﻌﻔﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﻴ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﻀﺍﻭ ﺱﺴﺃﻭ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤ ﻕﻓﻭ (ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤﻝﺍ ) ﻲﻔﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺤ
ﺀﺍﺩﻷﺎﺒ ﺀﺎﻘﺘﺭﻼﻝ ﺔ ﻰﻓ
ﺡﺎﺼﻓﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺎﻋ ﻭﺠ
ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺤﺼﺃ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻩﺎﺠﺘ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺅﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻔﺸﻝﺍﻭ .ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﺒ
ﻫ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻑﺩ
ﻴﺒﻜ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍﻭ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻝ ﹰﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﺭ
لﺜﻤﻴ ﻰﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻤﺎﻌﻤﻝﺎﺒ
ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺎﻓ،ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤﻝﺍ لﺤﻤ ﺎﻬﻁﺒﻀ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ
ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﺩﻬﻴ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ
ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻝ لﺨﺩﻤﻜ
ﻰﻔﻗﻭﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ .
ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ
ﻥﻤ ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺩﻤﺘﺴﻴ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘ
ﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﻤ لﻜﺒ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ
ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﻯﻭﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺌﺩﺎﺒﻤﻭ ﺎﻬﺴﺴﺃ ﻥﻭﻜﻭ
ﻭﺁ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻌﺘ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﻝ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ،
.ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺢﻨﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ ، ﺔﻝﺍﺩﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻔﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺭﺩﻗ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﻴ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻭ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﺒ ﻲﻋﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭ
ﺔﻝﺀﺎﺴﻤ ﻕﺤ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ
ﻭ ، ﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﻘﺤ ﺔﻴﺎﻤﺤ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﻔﻗﺍﻭ
ﻥﻤ ﺩﺤﻝﺍﻭ ، ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺤﺼﺃ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﻭ
ﺔﺤﻠﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ لﻼﻐﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ لﻜﺸﺒ لﺜﻤﺘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ، ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍﻭ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺴﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤ ﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ، ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ
.ﺎﻬﺘﻤﻴﻗ ﻡﻴﻅﻌﺘﻭ
:ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺭﻓ
- ﻁﺘﺒ ﻡﺍﺯﺘﻝﻻﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺔﻴﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺒ
ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤﻠﻝ ﺎﻬﺌﺍﺩﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻴﺠ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺱﻜﻌﻨﻴﺴ
. ﺔﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﻴﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ ، ﺔﻴﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻐﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻌﺒﺄﺒ
- ﺀﺍﺩﻷ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﺸ ﺱﻴﻴﺎﻘﻤﻭ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﻴ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ
ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺭﺩﻗ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻋﺩﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ
ﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻌﻤ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻝﺍ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻤ ﻕﻘﺤﻴﻭ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍﻭ
ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺃ
ﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴ ﻤ
ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺒ لﻭﻤﻌﻤ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨ
ﻡﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ، ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﺘ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅ لﻭﺎﻨﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ، ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻉﻼﻁﻻﺍ ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ ، ﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﻭﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺙﻭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺩﻋ
ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺁ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻉﻼﻁﻻﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ، ﺕﻨﺭﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﻜﺒﺸ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﻭﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ ، ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻡﺩﺨﻴ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻠﻝ ﺕﻌﻀﺨﺃﻭ ، ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﻬﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺜ
ﺓﺩﻴﻔﻤ ﺔﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤ ﺀﺎﻁﻋﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﺘ ﺩﻗ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺼﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺡﺍﺭﺘﻗﺍ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝ
.
- :ﻪﺘﻤﻜﺤﻭ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ
ﻭﻫ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻼﻋﺎﻓ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺕﺒﻌﻝ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻋﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺎﻜ ﻕﻓﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝ ﻲﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ لﻭﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻷﺍﻭ ﻉﺎﻓﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺂﺸﻨ
ﻩﺫﻫ ﺀﺎﻴﺤﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺠﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻑﻋﺎﻀﺘﺘﻭ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺩﺍﺩﺯﺘ ﺭﻀﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﺭﺼﻋ ﻲﻓﻭ .ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻭ ﻰـﻝﺇ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﻴﺨﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺔـﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺔﻴﻭﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﻗﺍ ﹰﺎﻋﺎﻁﻗ ﻑﺎﻗﻭﻷﺍ لﺜﻤﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻲﻤﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺞﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻋﺎﻁﻘﻠﻝ ﹰﺎﻴﺯﺍﻭﻤﻭ ﹰﺎﺜﻝﺎﺜ ًﹰﺎﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘ
.ﺭﻘﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻤﻭ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﺤﻤﻭ ﺔﺤﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﺒﻋﺃ لﻤﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﺎﺴﻴ ،ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺎﻓ
ﺝﺍﺭﺨﺇ
ﻥﻤ ﺀﺯﺠﻝ ﺓﻭﺭﺜﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ
ﺓﺭﺌﺍﺩ ﺔﻌﻔﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺌﺍﺩﻭ
ﻲﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﻌﻤ
ﻪﺼﻴﺼﺨﺘﻭ
ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻷ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻝﺍ
ﺔﻤﺎﻌ ﺍﺫﻜﻫﻭ. ﺭﻭﺼﺘ ﺎﻨﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﻥﺃ
ﺀﺎﺸﻨﺇ ﻑﻗﻭ ﺔﺒﺎﺜﻤﺒ ﺀﺎﺸﻨﺇ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ
ﺔﻤﺌﺍﺩ
ﺔﺤﻠﺼﻤﻝ
،ﺔﻤﺩﺎﻘﻝﺍ لﺎﻴﺠﻷﺍ ﺞﺘﻨﺘﻭ
ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻓﺎﻨﻤ
ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻭ ﻭﺃ
ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺭﻴﺇ ﺩﺌﺍﻭﻋﻭ
1.
ﻑﺭﻋ ﺀﺎﻬﻘﻔﻝﺍ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻋ
،ﺕﺎﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻻ
ﻲﻋﺍﺩ
،ﺎﻫﺭﻜﺫﻝ ﻪﻨﻷ
ﻻ ﺩﺎﻜﻴ ﺏﺎﺘﻜ ﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤ ﻲﻬﻘﻓ ﻭﻠﺨﻴ
،ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺍﻭ
ﺀﺎﻬﻘﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻌﺘ ﻑﻴﺭ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺒﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻬﻓﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﻡﺎﻜﺤﺃ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ
ﺕﺎﻌﻴﺭﻔﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﺯﺠﻝﺍ
. 2
ﻲﻔﺘﻜﺃﻭ ﺭﻜﺫﺒ ﺎﻨﻫ
ﻲﺴﺭﻤﻝﺍ1
ﺩﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ، ﻱﺯﺎﺠﺤ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ
ﻲﻓ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻜﺘﻝﺍ لﻓﺎ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ
،ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺔﻠﺠﻤ
ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﻙﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻼﻝ ﺯﻴﺯﻌﻝﺍﺩﺒﻋ
ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ
، )ﺩﻠﺠﻤ (19 )ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ،
(2
،
،2006 ﺹ 60
لﻴﺼﺎﻔﺘﻠﻝ .2
:ﻊﺠﺍﺭ -
- )ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺴﻠﺴ،ﻩﺍﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭ،ﻰﻨﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﻰﻓ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ،ﻰﻗﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺩﻭﻤﺤﻤ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﺎﻤﻷﺍ،(3
ﻑﺎﻗﻭﻸﻝ
،ﺕﻴﻭﻜﻝﺍ،
،ـﻫ1427 ﺹ ﺹ،ﻡ2006
-26 30
- ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﻻﺍ،ﺔﻴﺭﻴﺨﻝﺍ ﻰﺒﻅ ﻭﺒﺃ ﺔﺌﻴﻫ، ﻯﺭﻴﺨﻝﺍ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺓﻭﺩﻨ ،ﺎﻬﻓﺭﺼ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜﻭ ﺎﻬﻔﻗﻭ ﺢﺼﻴ ﻰﺘﻝﺍ لﺍﻭﻤﻷﺍ،ﻰﻠﻴﺤﺯﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻫﻭ
، ،ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ -30
/31 /3 ﺹ ﺹ،1995
-2 7
ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﺩﺤﺍﻭ
لﻌﺠﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﻋ ﺀﺎﻘﺒ ﻊﻤ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻰﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻗﺭ ﻰﻓ ﻑﺭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻨﻤ ﻭﻫ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ" : ﻭﻫﻭ
."ﺀﺎﻬﺘﻨﺍﻭ ﺀﺍﺩﺘﺒﺍ ﺭﻴﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻬﺠﻝ ﺔﻌﻔﻨﻤﻝﺍ 3
ﺎﻤﺃ ﺔﻤﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ
- ﻬﻓ ﺩﺨﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺭﻜﺫﺒ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻰﻔﺘﻜﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤﻭ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﻋ ﻰ ﻡ
ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻫ -
لﺜﻤﺘﺘﻓ ﻲﻓ :4
ﺃ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤ ﺔﺘﺒﺎﺜ ﺔﻤﺌﺍﺩﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺘﻝ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﺤ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﻭﺒﺭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺫﻐﻝﺍﻭ
ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍﻭ
،ﺔﻴﻨﻤﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻘﺘﻝﻭ
ﺔﻜﺒﺸ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ
.
ﺏ ﺦﻴﺴﺭﺘ ﻡﻴﻗ ﻥﻤﺎﻀﺘﻝﺍ لﻓﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍﻭ
ﺱﺎﺴﺤﻹﺍﻭ ﻭﺨﻷﺎﺒ
ﺓ ﺔﺒﺤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺒ
ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻁ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ
لﻜ؛ﻪﺌﺎﻨﺒﺃﻭ ﻙﻝﺫ
لﻴﻨﻝ
ﺓﺎﻀﺭﻤ ﷲﺍ
.
ﻭ ﺕﺎﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻲﻓ
،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻬﻘﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻨﺈﻓ
ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻨ ﻥﺃ
ﻑﻗﻭﻠﻝ ﺔﻌﺒﺭﺃ ﻥﺎﻜﺭﺃ ﻲﻫ ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ: ﻭﻫﻭ ﺏﺤﺎﺼ
ﺀﻲﺸﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍﻭ،ﻪﻔﻗﻭ ﻭﻫﻭ
ﺀﻲﺸﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻔﻗﻭ
، ﻑﻭﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ
ﻭﻫﻭ ﺔﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻗﻭﺘ "
ﻙﻠﻤﻝﺍ
"
ﺩﺌﺎﻔﻝ ﺎﻬﺘ ﻭﻫ ﺔﻐﻴﺼﻝﺍﻭ،
ﺩﻘﻋ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺕﺒﺜﻴ ﻪﺒﺠﻭﻤﺒ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ
لﻤﺤﻴﻭ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ
ﻑﻗﻭﻠﻝ ﻁﻭﺭﺸﻝﺍ .5
ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻭﻜﻤ
ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺓﺭﻭﺼﺒ ﻲﻫ
ﻲﻫﻭ ﻥﺎﻜﺭﺃ ﺔﻌﺒﺭﺃ :
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻝﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻴﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﻭﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻑﻭﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ
- ﻯﻭﻠﺴ ﺕﻨﺒ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺭﻭﺩ ،ﻱﺩﺎﻤﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ
ﻲﻓ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ لﻓﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺙﺤﺒ ،
ﻡﺩﻘﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻤﺘ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ :ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻌﺒ ﻑﺎﻗﻭﻸﻝ
ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ "
،ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ
،ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇﻭ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤ
"
ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻝﺍ،ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ،
ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺩﻭﻌﺴﻝﺍ
،ـﻫ 1430 ﺹ ،ﻡ 2009
ﺹ -298 301
- ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺩﻴﻌﺴ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ،ﻱﻭﻝﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺩ
لﻓﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺠﻤ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻑﺎﻗﻭﺃ
ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﻙﻠﻤﻝﺍ
،ﺩﻭﻌﺴ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﻙﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻌﺴ ، ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ لﻭﻷﺍ
،
ﺔﻴﺩﻭﻌﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻔﺼ،
1430 ﻩ ﺭﻴﺍﺭﺒﻓ - 2009 ﺹ ﺹ،ﻡ -29
30
- ﺡﺎﺘﻤ، ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ،ﺩﻴﺯﻭﺒﺃ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ
:ﻰﻓ http://www.isesco.org.ma/pub/ARABIC/Wakf/wakf.htm
ﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻬﻌﻤ،ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻰﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﻀﺎﺤﻤ،ﺓﺭﻫﺯ ﻭﺒﺃ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ3
، ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ،ﺔﻴﻝ ﺹ،1959
7
ﻯﻭﻠﺴ4
ﺕﻨﺒ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺭﻭﺩ ،ﻱﺩﺎﻤﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ
ﻲﻓ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ لﻓﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ ،
307
ﻥﺍﺩﻴﺯ5
ﺭﻭﺩ ،ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ
ﻲﻓ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ لﻓﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﻹﺎﺒ
ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﺙﺤﺒ ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻘﻤ
ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻤﺘﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻑﺎﻗﻭﻸﻝ
:ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻌﺒ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ "
ﻗﺍ
،ﺩﺎﺼﺘ
،ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇﻭ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤ
"
ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻝﺍ،ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ،
ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺩﻭﻌﺴﻝﺍ
،ـﻫ 1430 2009
ﺹ ،ﻡ 596
ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ . ﻭﺃ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺩﺭﻔﻨﻤ ﺭﻅﺎﻨ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺱﻤﺎﺨ ﺭﻭﺤﻤ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺽﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﻴﻭ
ﻠﺠﻤ ﺓﺭﺎﻅﻨ ﺱ
6.
- :ﻰﻔﻗﻭﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺭﺜﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ
ﺏﻌﻝ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ
ﺎﻤﺎﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ
لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺭﺒﻋ
ﺭﻭﺼﻌﻝﺍ
ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺫﻨﻤ
ﻡﻠﺴﻭ ﻪﻝﺁﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲﺍ ﻰﻠﺼ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻰﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﺜﻌﺒ ﺔﻴﺎﻬﻨ ﻰﺘﺤ
ﺭﺼﻋ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ
،ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﺜﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺒ
ﻥﺃ ﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻭ
ﺕﺩﻬﺸ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻌﺠﺍﺭﺘ
ﺎﹰﺸﻴﻤﻬﺘﻭ ﺭﻭﺩﻝ
ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ
ﻲﻓ لﻅ ﺫﻭﻔﻨﻝ ﺎﻬﻋﻭﻀﺨ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺠﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﺘﺤﻤﻝﺍ
ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺼﺭﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻜﺤ ﻩﺫﻫ
لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ لﻴﻁﻌﺘﻝ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ
ﺭﺍﺩﺼﺇﻭ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻗ
ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺭﻗﻭ ﺀﺎﻐﻝﻹ
ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻋﻭﻨﺒ
،ﻲﻠﻫﻷﺍ لﺒ ﻯﺭﻴﺨﻝﺍﻭ
ﺽﻌﺒ ﺕﻤﺎﻗ لﻭﺩ
ﺘﺤﻻﺍ لﻼ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤﺒ ﻑﺎﻗﻭﻷﺍ
،ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺕﻤﺎﻗﻭ
ﺽﻌﺒ ﺕﺎﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﺎﺤﻝﺍ
ﺽﻌﺒ ﻲﻓ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻡﻴﻤﺄﺘﺒ
ﻑﺎﻗﻭﻷﺍ
،ﺔﻴﻠﻫﻷﺍ ﺎﻤﻜ
ﺕﻌﻀﺨ
ﺽﻌﺒ ﺕﺎﻜﻠﺘﻤﻤ ﻑﺎﻗﻭﻷﺍ
ﺽﻌﺒ ﻲﻓ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ
ﻱﺩﻌﺘﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺀﻼﻴﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ
ﻥﻭﺩﺒ ﻪﺠﻭ ﻕﺤ .
ﺩﻗﻭ ﺕﻌﺴ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ
ﻰﻝﺇ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻗﻭﻷﺍ ﻑﺎ ﺩﻬﺠ ﺎﻬﺘﻋﺎﻁﺘﺴﺍ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ
ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ
ﻥﻤ
ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﻫﺃﻭ
ﺎﻤ
7:ﻲﻠﻴ
ﺃ - ﻉﺎﻨﻗﺇ ﻥﻴﻤﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻌﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ
ﻥﺄﺒ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﺼﺘ ﺭﻴﻏ
ﻭﺃ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ
ﺩﻴﺸﺭ
ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺏﺘﺭﺘﻴ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻴﺘﻔﺘ ﺔﻴﻜﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ
ﻡﺜ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﺇ ﻑﻌﻀ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃﻭ
ﻥﻴﻜﻤﺘ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ
ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ
ﻡﻼﺘﺴﺍ لﺍﻭﻤﺃ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻠﻝ ﺎﻬﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻜﺸﺒ
ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺞﺘﻨﻴ
ﻥﻋ ﻡﻴﻅﻌﺘ ﺩﺌﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﺍ .
ﺏ - ﺍ لﻤﻌﻝ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻊﻁﻗ ﺔﻠﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻬﻴﻠﻋ
ﻭﺃ ﻥﻴﺩﻴﻔﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ
ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ
ﻕﻴﺭﻁ
لﻴﻭﺤﺘ ﺩﺌﺍﻭﻋ ﻑﺎﻗﻭﻷﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ
ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ
ﻑﺭﺼﻭ ﻥﻴﻘﺤﺘﺴﻤﻠﻝ ﺏﺘﺍﻭﺭ
ﻑﻗﻭﻠﻝ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﺍﺯﺨ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ
ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ﺘﺄﺘ ﻲ ﻡﻬﺒﺘﺍﻭﺭ ﻥﻤ
ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ
ﻡﺜ ﻡﺩﻋ لﻼﻘﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻴﺩﻴﻔﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ
ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﻼﻁﻝﺍﻭ
ﻡﻜﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻓ
ﻡﻬﺘﺩﺍﺭﺇ ﻥﻴﺭﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻠﻝ ﺀﻻﻭﻝﺍﻭ
ﺱﻴﻝﻭ ﻑﻗﻭﻠﻝ ﻭﺃ ﻥﻴﻔﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ .
لﻭﺤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ،ﺭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﷲﺍﺩﺒﻋ ﺩﺍﺅﻓ6
ﻑﻗﻭﻠﻝ ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﺫﻭﻤﻨ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺓﻭﺩﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﺩﻘﻤ،ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ :
،لﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻭ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ:ﺱﻨﻭﺘ -28
ﺭﻴﺍﺭﺒﻓ29 ﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻝﺍ 2012
ﺔﻴﺴﻨﻭ
ﺭﺼﻨ7
ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ،ﻑﺭﺎﻋ ﺔﻴﻝﺩﺠ:ﺭﺨﻵﺍﻭ
ﺀﺎﻁﻌﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﻭﺘﺤﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻠﺠﻤ،ﺀﺎﻐﻝﻹﺍﻭ
ﻑﺎﻗﻭﺃ )ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ،
٩ ﺔﻨﺎﻤﻷﺍ،(
،ﻑﺎﻗﻭﻸﻝ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ
،ﺕﻴﻭﻜﻝﺍ
لﺍﻭﺸ ١٤٢٦ ﻩ - ﺭﺒﻤﻓﻭﻨ ٢٠٠٥ ﺹ،
ﺹ -26 27
ﺕ - ﺭﺍﺩﺼﺇ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻗ ﺕﺎﻌﻴﺭﺸﺘﻭ ﻊﻨﻤﺘ
ﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﻑﺎﻗﻭﺃ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﻬﻨ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺫﻝﺍ
ﻭﻫﻭ
ﻡﻫﺃ لﺎﻜﺸﺃ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﻴﺨﻝﺍ .
ﺙ - ﻻﺍ ﺀﻼﻴﺘﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺎﻗﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻬﻨ ﺓﺭﻭﺼﺒ
ﻊﻀﻭﻭ ﺩﻴ
ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ
ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻠﻴﻭﺤﺘﻭﺃ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﻝ
ﻥﻴﺭﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﺴﻔﻨﺃ
ﺎﻤﻠﺜﻤ ﺙﺩﺤ ﻲﻓ لﺎﻤﺸ ﺎﻴﻘﻴﺭﻓﺃ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋ ﻑﺎﻗﻭﻷﺍ ﺕﻝﻭﺤ ﻥﻤ
لﺠﺃ ﻕﺎﻔﻨﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻥﻴﻴﺴﻨﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ
ﻲﻓ لﻭﺩ لﺎﻤﺸ ﺎﻴﻘﻴﺭﻓﺃ ﺕﺭﺭﻜﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ..
ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺀﺍﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻑﻗﻭﻠﻝ
ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ
ﻓ ﻲ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺘﺒﺍ
ﻥﻤ ﺩﻨﻬﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﺼﻗﻷﺍ
ﺍﺭﻭﺭﻤ ﺔﻓﺎﻜﺒ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ
ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻑﺩﻬﺒ
ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺔﻓﺎﻜ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻘﻝﺍ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﺔﻴﻝﻼﻘﺘﺴﺍ
،ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ
لﻜ ﺎﻤ لﺜﻤﻴ ﺍﺭﺅﺒ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﺘ ﺎﻬﻝﻭﺤ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍﻭ
ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻘﺒ ﺩﺩﻬﺘ ﺭﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ
ﺃﻭ ﺓﺭﻭﺜﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ
ﻥﺍ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﻴ ﺔﻨﺎﻤﻀﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ
ﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﻻ ﺔﻤﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ
.
ﻰﻝﺇ ﻯﺩﺃ ﺎﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻴﻀ ﻲﻓ ﹰﺎﺒﺒﺴ ﻥﺎﻜ ،ﻑﺎﻗﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﺎﻅﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺓﺭﺒﺨﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻋﻭ ﺩﺎﺴﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﺸﻔﺘ ﻥﺇ ﻑﺼﺘﻨﻤ ﻲﻓﻭ .ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻨﺒ ﻑﺎﻗﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﻤﺃ ﻲﻝﻭﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﻓﺩ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺭﺩﺼﺃ ﻲﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ
ﺔﻌﺴﺍﻭ ﺔﺠﻭﻤ ﺕﻘﻠﻁﻨﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﹰﺍﺩﺎﻨﺘﺴﺍﻭ ،ﻑﺎﻗﻭﻸﻝ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﺕﺄﺸﻨﺃ ﻡﺜ ﻑﺎﻗﻭﻸﻝ ﹰﺎﻨﻭﻨﺎﻗ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﺜﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺌﺍﻭﻓﻭ ﺎﻴﺍﺯﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘﻝ ﺎﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻝﺎﺒﻭ.ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺩﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﻘﺘ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻔﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﻠﺘﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﻀ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﻋ ﺕﻝﻭﺤﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺘﻭﺭ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﺇﻭ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﺄﺒ ﻑﺎﻗﻭﻷﺍ ﺕﻠﺒﻜ ﺎﻬﻨﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ،ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻅﻨﻭ
.ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺕﺎﻜﻠﺘﻤﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﺎﻗﻭﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻨﻜﻤﻴﻭ
ﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﻲﻔﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻬﺠﺍﻭ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺹﺨﻠ
ﺴﻹﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻼ
ﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻤ ﺭ
ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭ لﺌﺎﺴﻤ ﻊﺒ :
8 -
ﺃ - ﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺴ ﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻠﻤﺠ ﺔﻬﺒﺎﺠﻤ ﺔﻴﻠﻫﻷﺍ ﻑﺎﻗﻭﻷﺍ ﻊﻁﺘ لﻭﻠﺤ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴ
ﻋ .ﺎﻬﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﻤ
ﻥﻴﺩﻴﻔﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﺎﻜﺘ ﺩﻝﻭ ﺎﻤﻜ
، لﺎﻴﺠﻷﺍ ﻲﻝﺍﻭﺘﺒ
، ﺹﺼﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﻴﺘﻔﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ
، ﻼﺨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺜﻜﻭ ﻓ
ﺕﺎﻋﺍﺯﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎ
ﺎﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﻁﺘﺴﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻀﻘﻝﺍ ﺯ
.ﺎﻬﻝ لﻭﻠﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻬﺒﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﺌﺎﻀﻘﻝﺍ
ﺏ - ﻝ ﺭﺎﺴﺤﻨﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻔﻠﺨ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻌﻀ ﻼ
ﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺨﺘﻭ ﺩﺎﻬﺘﺠ ﻱﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻥﻋ ﺀﺎﻤﻠ
ﻡﻬﺒ ﻁﻭﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻠﺼﺤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻲﻌﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻁﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻗﺍﻭ لﻭﻠﺤ ﺡﺭﻁ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺜﺃ ﺎﻤﻤ
ﺴﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻼ
ﺔﻴﻤ
، .ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻑﺎﻗﻭﻷﺍ ﺹﺨﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻲﻓﻭ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﻬﻘﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﻪﻘﻔﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﺭﻭﺩﻭ
،لﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻭ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ:ﺱﻨﻭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺓﻭﺩﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﺩﻘﻤ ، ﺱﻨﻭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ لﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﻕﺎﻓﺁ، ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻕﺭﺎﻁ8
-28 ﺭﻴﺍﺭﺒﻓ 29
ﺔﻴﺴﻨﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠﻝﺍ 2012
ﺕ - ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻑﻠﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻥﻤﺍﺯﺘﻝﺎﺒ
، ﻝﺍ ﻑﻌﻀ ﻯﺩﺃ ﻘ
ﺘ ﻡﺩﻋﻭ ﺀﺎﻀ ﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻥﻴﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺼﺨ
ﺴ لﺌﺎ
ﻭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﺤﺎﺠﻨ ﻯﺩﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻓﺭﺼﺘﻭ ﺭﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﻗﺭﻝﺍ ﺯ
ﺩﺌﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻴ
، ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ
ﻗﻭﻝﺍ لﺍﻭﻤﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺎﺴﻔﻝﺍ ﻔ
.ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﻨﺘﺒ ﺔﻨﺎﻬﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴ
ﺙ - ﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ ﻔ
ﺔﻴ
، ﺎﻤﻤ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺃ ﻯﺭﺸﺘﺴﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺴ
لﻬ
ﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤ ﺎﻴﺤﻭ ﻑﺎﻗﻭﻷﺍ ﺏﺎﺼﺘﻏﺍ ﺯ
ﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﺤ ﻪﺠﻭ ﻥﻭﺩﺒ ﺎﻬﺘ ﻼ
ﺄﺒ ﺏﻋ ﻋ ﺝﺭﺎﺨ ﺎﻬﺘﻬﺠﻭ لﻴﻭﺤﺘ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﺎﻴ
.ﻥﻭﻔﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﺩﺤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺼﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ
ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺵﻴﻤﻬﺘ ﻡﺘ ﺩﻘﻓ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ
ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ،ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ
ﺩﺼﺭ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺩﻋ
ﺔﻝﺍﺩﻝﺍ :ﻰﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ 9
ﺃ - لﺅﺎﻀﺘ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ
ﺔﻤﻴﻗ لﺍﻭﻤﻷﺍ ﺔﻓﻭﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍ
ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺇ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ
ﺓﻭﺭﺜﻝﺍ
،ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﺘﻭ
لﺩﻌﻤ ﺎﻴﻭﻨﺴ ﺎﻫﻭﻤﻨ
ﻼﻀﻓ ﻥﻋ ﺽﺎﻔﺨﻨﺍ ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤ
ﺩﺌﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ لﻭﺨﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ
ﻕﻘﺤﺘﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘ ﻭﺃ
لﺍﻭﻤﺃ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﺍ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ
.
ﺏ - ﺽﺎﻔﺨﻨﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﻼﻝﺍ ﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘﻝ
ﻁﻭﺭﺸ
،ﻥﻴﻔﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ
ﻡﺜ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻡﺍﺯﺘﻝﻻﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﻭ،ﻡﻬﻁﻭﺭﺸﺒ
ﻑﺭﺎﺼﻤ ﻑﺎﻗﻭﻷﺍ
ﻭﺃ
،ﺎﻫﺩﻴﻴﻘﺘ ﺎﻤﻤ
ﻯﺩﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﺎﻤﺭﺤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ
ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻬﺠﻝﺍ
،ﺎﻬﻗﻭﻘﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻠﻁﻌﺘﻭ
ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭ
ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻝ ﺩﻴﺩﻬﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ
.
ﺕ - ﻡﺎﻴﻗ ﺽﻌﺒ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺝﺎﻤﺩﺈﺒ
لﺍﻭﻤﺃ ﻑﺎﻗﻭﻷﺍ ﻥﻤﻀ
لﺍﻭﻤﺃ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺕﺎﻜﻠﺘﻤﻤ ﻡﻴﻤﺄﺘ ﺕﺍﻭﺭﺜﻭ
ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻫﻷﺍ ﺏﺠﻭﻤﺒ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻗ
ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺭﻗﻭ ﺎﻴﻠﻋ
ﺔﺒﺠﺍﻭ ﺫﺎﻔﻨﻝﺍ .
ﺙ - ﺽﺭﻌﺘ ﺽﻌﺒ
ﺕﺎﻜﻠﺘﻤﻤ ﺕﺍﻭﺭﺜﻭ
ﺍ ﻑﻗﻭﻝ ﻱﺩﻌﺘﻠﻝ ﺏﺎﺼﺘﻏﻻﺍﻭ ﻥﻤ
ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻕﺭﻁﺒ ﺓﺎﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ
ﺔﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤ لﺜﻤ
ﻊﻀﻭ ﺩﻴﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻲﻀﺍﺭﺃ ﻑﺎﻗﻭﻷﺍ
ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻤﻠﻌﻴ ﺔﻴﺠﺤ ﺩﻘﻔﺒ
ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻜﻠﻤ ﻭﺃ
ﺎﻬﺘﻗﺭﺴ
ﺔﺒﻭﻌﺼﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﺜﺇ
ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻌﺒﺘ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ
ﺩﻗﻭ. ﺩﻋﺎﺴ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ
ﺕﺎﻴﻤﺴﻤ ﺽﻌﺒ
ﻥﻜﺎﻤﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ
ﻲﻓ ﺞﺠﺤ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻲﻀﺍﺭﺃ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ
ﺎﻬﺒﺎﺼﺘﻏﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺘﻭ
ﺭﺫﻌ لﻻﺩﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻲﻀﺍﺭﺃ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ
ﺎﹰﻘﻓﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻤﺴﻤﻠﻝ
ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ .
ﺝ - لﺎﻤﻫﺇ ﺕﺎﻜﻠﺘﻤﻤ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ
ﻡﺩﻋﻭ ﻕﺎﻔﻨﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﻨﺎﻴﺼ ﻭﺃ
ﻥﺴﺤ
،ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺎﻋﺭ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﻭ
ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒ ﺭﺎﻴﻬﻨﻻﺍ
ﺭﻴﻤﺩﺘﻝﺍﻭ لﺎﺜﻤ..
ﻙﻝﺫ ﻉﺩﺼﺘ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻲﻨﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍﻭ
ﻑﺎﻗﻭﻸﻝ ﺔﻜﻭﻠﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻝﻭﻠﻴﺃﻭ
ﻁﻭﻘﺴﻠﻝ ﻲﻓ
لﻅ ﺽﻓﺭ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻏﺎﺸ لﻤﺤﺘ
ﺎﻘﻔﻨ ﺕ ﺔﻨﺎﻴﺼﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ
ﻡﻏﺭ ﺡﻼﺼﻹﺍ ﺔﻝﺂﻀ
ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﺭﺎﺠﻴﻹﺍ ﻱﺭﻬﺸﻝﺍ
ﺽﺎﻔﺨﻨﺍﻭ
ﻪﺘﻤﻴﻗ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺭﻤﺒ
ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ
ﻭﺃ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﺀﻼﻏ
ﺭﺎﻌﺴﻷﺍ لﻜﺂﺘﻭ
ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﺩﻭﻘﻨﻝﺍ .
ﻱﺩﻤﺤ9
ﺩﺒﻋ ﺵﻴﻤﻬﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺒﺘﺭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ، ﻡﻴﻅﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ
ﺙﺤﺒ،ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻡﺩﻘﻤ
ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻤﺘﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻑﺎﻗﻭﻸﻝ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻝﺎﺒ
ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ
ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ:ﺔﻴﺩﻭﻌﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ
"
،ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ
،ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇﻭ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﻀﺤ
"
ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ، ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ
١٤٣٠ ﻩ ٢٠٠٩ - ﺹ ﺹ،ﻡ -255
259
ﺡ - ﻡﺎﻴﻗ ﺽﻌﺒ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻐﻝﺈﺒ
ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻫﻷﺍ ﻭﻫﻭ(ﻱﺭﺫﻝﺍ) ﺎﻤ
ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﺀﺎﻐﻝﺇ ﺔﺒﺎﺜﻤﺒ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝ
ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﺇ ﺔﻴﻠﺼﺃ
ﻡﻴﺭﺤﺘﻭ ﺎﻤﻝ
لﺤﺃ
،ﷲﺍ ﻊﻨﻤﻭ ﺭﻴﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻭﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ
ﻪﻨﻭﻘﺤﺘﺴﻴ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ
ﻱﺫﻝﺍ لﻌﺠ
ﻊﻤﺠﻤ ﻪﻘﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ -
ﺭﺍﺭﻗ ﻊﻤﺠﻤ ﻡﻗﺭ ١٤٠ ) /6 ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻝﺍ(15 ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘﺒ
/11 /3 ﺔﻴﺩﻼﻴﻤ 2004
-
ﻲﺼﻭﻴ ﺀﺎﻴﺤﺈﺒ
ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﺫﻝﺍ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺕﻤﺎﻗ ﻪﺌﺎﻐﻝﺈﺒ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺕﺎﻌﻴﺭﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﺽﻌﺒ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ
.ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍﻭ ﺥ - لﻴﺒﻜﺘ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻘﻌﺒ ﺭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺩﻘﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺇ ﺓﺩﻤﻝ ﺔﻠﻴﻭﻁ ﺩﻘﻌﻴ ﻥﺫﺈﺒ ﻡﻜﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻊﻓﺩﻴﻭ ﺭﻜﺤﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝ
ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﹰﻐﻠﺒﻤ ﻼﺠﻌﻤ ﺏﺭﺎﻘﻴ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﺽﺭﻷﺍ ﺩﺩﺤﻴﻭ
ﺎﹰﻐﻠﺒﻤ ﺭﺨﺁ ﻰﻓﻭﺘﺴﻴ ﻼﻴﺌﻀ ﺎﻴﻭﻨﺴ
ﺔﻬﺠﻝ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ
ﺭﻜﺤﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ
ﻥﻤﻤ لﻘﺘﻨﻴ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻕﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻔﺨﻴ ﻻﻭ . ﻥﺃ
ﻩﺫﻫ ﺩﻭﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻀﻘﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻜﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺌﺍﻭﻋ
ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺭﻤﺒ ﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻥﻤﺯﻝ ﻲﻓ
لﻅ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﺍ ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤ ﻡﺨﻀﺘ
ﺭﺎﻌﺴﻷﺍ ﺽﺎﻔﺨﻨﺍﻭ
ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻘﻨﻠﻝ
.
ﺩ - ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺕﺎﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﻴﺜﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﺠﺴﻝﺍﻭ
ﻁﻘﻓ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ
ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﺎﻤﻤ
ﻱﺩﺅﻴ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺭﺘ ﺕﺍﻭﺭﺜ ﻑﺎﻗﻭﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻤﻫﺇﻭ
ﺎﻤﻠﺜﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ لﺎﺤ ﻲﻓ
ﻥﺍﺩﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
لﻅ
ﺔﻴﺎﻋﺭ ﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺎ ﺔﻴﻋﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝ
ﺔﻠﻴﻭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻤﺯﻝﺍ ﻰﺘﺤ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻗ ﺭﻭﺩﺼ ﻑﺎﻗﻭﻷﺍ
ﻲﻨﺍﺩﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻋ
١٩٨٩
ﺎﻤﻭ ﻩﻼﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺭﻗ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ
ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﺒ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺩﻼﺒﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺎﻬﺠﺭﺎﺨﻭ
لﺜﻤ ﻑﻗﻭ ﺭﺎﺒﺁ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺩﻭﻌﺴﻝﺎﺒ
ﻑﺎﻗﻭﺃﻭ ﺱﺩﻘﻝﺍ
ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝ ﺩﺠﺴﻤﻝﺍ
،ﻰﺼﻗﻷﺍ ﻑﺎﻗﻭﺃﻭ
ﻲﻓ
،ﺎﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﻑﻗﻭﻭ ﺭﻭﻐﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤﺒ .ﺓﺩﺠ
ﺫ - ﻡﺍﺯﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺽﻌﺒ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﺨﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝ
ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺌﺎﺴ ﻥﻭﺌﺸﻝﺍ ﺏﺤﺎﺼ ﺔﻴﻔﻗﻭﻝﺍ
ﻡﺍﺯﺘﻝﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻘﻝﺎﺒ
ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻨﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﺭﺎﺠﻴﻹﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ
ﺕﻐﻝﺃ ﺎﻴﻨﻤﻀ ﻡﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﺒﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺠﻴﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﺔﻴﻔﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻭﻫﻭ
ﺎﻤ ﺙﺩﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻝ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻴﺒﺴ لﺎﺜﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﺭﺘ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﻗ ﻡﺩﻋ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ
ﻑﺎﻗﻭﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ
لﺜﻤﻷﺍ ﻷ لﺍﻭﻤ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ ﻡﺜ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﺘ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺩﺍﺭﻴﺇ ﻑﻌﻀ ﻊﻤ
ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ
ﻑﻗﻭﻠﻝ ﺎﻫﺯﺠﻋﻭ ﻥﻋ
ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﺭﺎﻤﻋﺇ ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻝ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺏﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻬﺘﻨﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻫﻷﺍ
لﺎﻤﻫﺇﻭ ﺔﻨﺎﻴﺼ
ﺩﺠﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﺠﻌﻝﺍﻭ
ﻥﻋ ﻊﻓﺩ
ﺏﺘﺍﻭﺭ ﻥﻴﻔﻅﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻡﻏﺭ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻝﺂﻀ
ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺏﺘﺍﻭﺭﺒ
ﺭﻭﺠﺃﻭ ﻕﻭﺴ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ
ﻰﻝﺇ ﺯﺠﻋ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻊﻓﺩ
ﺏﺘﺍﻭﺭ ﺓﺎﻋﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺌﻷﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻘﻤﻭ
ﺭﺌﺎﻌﺸﻝﺍ .
ﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﻏﺭﻭ ﻼ
ﺅﻤ ﻥﺄﺒ ﺭﻜﺫﻨ ﻻ ﻥﺃ ﻑﺤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻨﺈﻓ ﺕﺎﻅﺤ ﺴ
ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴ
ﺏﻴﺭﻗ ﺕﻗﻭ ﻰﻝﺇﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻤﺩﺨ ﺕﻠﺼﺍﻭﺘ ﺭ
ﻔﺨ ﻡﻏ ﻭ .ﺎﻬﺘﻭﺫﺠ ﺕ
3 - ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﻰﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﺎﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻤﻝﺍ
ﻠﻋ ﻰ ﻡﻏﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻴﺸ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﺍﻭ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻝﺍ
ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﺭﺘﻜﻝﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﺕﻼﻤﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ
ﺔﻓﺎﻜﻭ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ
لﺎﻤﻋﺃﻭ ﻅﻔﺤﻝﺍ
ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﻴﺜﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻻﺇ
ﻥﺃ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ
ﻲﻓ ﻡﻅﻌﻤ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﻻ
لﺍﺯﺘ ﺔﻔﻠﺨﺘﻤ ﻥﻋ
ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ
ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ
ﻲﻓ لﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ
ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻭ ﻪﺘﺍﺩﺌﺎﻋ
ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺩﻬﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ
ﻪﻨﻤ ﺫﺇ.
ﻥﻜﻤﻴ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﺄﺒ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻻ
لﺍﺯﻴ ﻭﻫ لﻭﻤﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺒ
ﻙﻠﺘ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻏﺭ ﺎﻤ ﺃﺭﻁ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ
ﻥﻤ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘﻭ
ﺕﻠﺜﻤﺘ ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ :10
ﺃ - ﺔﻤﻝﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍﻭ
، ﺎﻤﻭ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻴ ﻥﻤ
ﺕﻼﻴﻭﺤﺘ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤ
ﺔﻴﻓﺭﺼﻤﻭ ﺱﻭﺅﺭ ﺕﺎﻘﻓﺩﺘﻭ
ﻤﺃ لﺍﻭ
ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﻲﻓ
ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻤ ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺭﻐﺠ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ
ﻭﺃ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﺇ ﺭﺒﻋﻭ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ
ﻙﻭﻨﺒ ﺕﺎﺼﺭﻭﺒﻭ ﻩﺫﻫ
لﻭﺩﻝﺍ
ﻉﺭﺴﺄﺒ ﺕﻗﻭ ﻥﻜﻤﻤ .
ﺏ - ﺓﺭﻭﺜ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍﻭ
ﺎﻬﺘﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤﻭ ﻲﻓ
ﺔﻋﺭﺴ ﻥﺍﺭﻭﺩ
،لﺍﻭﻤﻷﺍ ﺭﺒﻋ
ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺍﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍﻭ
ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻭ
ﺞﺘﻨﻴ ﻥﻋ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻴﻅﻌﺘ ﺩﺌﺍﻭﻌﻝ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﺍ ﻤﻝﺍ لﺍﻭﻤﻷﺍ
ﺔﻓﻭﻗﻭ ﺎﻤﺒ ﻕﻘﺤﻴ ﻊﻓﺎﻨﻤ ﺭﺒﻜﺍ
ﻥﻴﺩﻴﻔﺘﺴﻤﻠﻝ .
ﺕ - ﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ
ﺔﻗﻼﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ
ﺕﺎﻴﺴﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﻁﻴﺴﻭ
ﻰﻠﻋ
،ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﺠﺎﺤﻝﺍﻭ
ﻰﻝﺇ
ﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﺇ
ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺴﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻅﺎﻨﻤ
ﺎﻬﻝ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻗﻭ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ
ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﻑﻗﻭ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻥﻤ
ﺎﻬﻝﺍﻭﻤﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺩﺌﺎﻋ لﺎﻤﻋﻷ
ﺭﻴﺨﻝﺍ ﺎﻋﺭﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﺤﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴ
ﺀﺍﺭﻘﻔﻝﺍ ﺫﺇ ﻻ لﺍﺯﻴ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻴ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ .ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ
ﺙ - ﻲﻠﻋ ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤ
ﺍ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤﻝ ﺔﻔﻴﺼﺤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍﻭ
ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﻬﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﻲﻓ
ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺭﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﺓﺩﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻔﻴﺼﺤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﺘ ﺓﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ .ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻡﺃ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻜﺤ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﺍﺯﺘﻝﻻﺍ
ﺢﺌﺍﻭﻠﻝﺍﻭ ﻭ
ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻓ لﻜﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ
ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺴ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻭ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻥﺴﺤ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍ
ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ
ﺎﻬﻝ ﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻭ
ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﺘ
ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺀﺎـﻨﺒﻭ ﺔـﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ
ﺔـﻤﺯﻼﻝﺍ ﺔـﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻗﺎـﻁﻝﺍ ﻭ .
ﺕﻼﻤﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻔﺸﻝﺍ ﺃﺩﺒﻤﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﻲﻤﺎﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺡﻭﻀﻭﻝﺍﻭ
ﺕﺎﻔﻴﻨﺼﺘ ﺭﻓﺍﻭﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺴﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻜ ﻥﻋ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺡﺎﺼﻓﻹﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺩﻜﺅﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻜﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﺘﺌﺍ .ﻪﻴﻓ ﺔﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺯﺯﻌﺘﻭ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﻓﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﻷﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ﻀﺍ
ﻰﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻲﻤﺎﻨﺘ
ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﺍﻭﻤﻷﺍ ﺱﻭﺅﺭ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﺴﺤﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ
ﻱﺩﻤﺤ10
ﺩﺒﻋ ﺵﻴﻤﻬﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺒﺘﺭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ، ﻡﻴﻅﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﻗﻭﻝﺍ
،ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ،ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺹ ﺹ
-266 288
لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻕﻘﺤﺘﻴ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ﻥﻴﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﻁﻠﺴ ﺕﺤﺘ ﺕﻌﻀﻭ .ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻜﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ لﻤﺎﻜﻝﺍ
ﺎﻀﻴﺃﻭ ﻴﺭﻴﺨﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻸﻝ ﺎﻬﻤﺩﻘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻔﻋﻹﺍﻭ ﺎﻫﺩﻘﻌﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﻴﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﻡﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻊﺴﻭﺘ .ﺔﻴﻔﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔ
11
- ﻭ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤﻝﺍ :ﻑﺎﻗﻭﻷﺍ ﺱﻴﺴﺄﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ
ﺃ - :ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤﻝﺎﺒ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ
ﻡﻅﺎﻌﺘ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﺒ
ﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺁ ﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤ ﻲﻓ
ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ
ﺔﺌﺸﺎﻨﻝﺍﻭ
، ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ
ﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻜ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﺎﻬﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻘﻌﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤ
ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻘﻝﺍ
،ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍ
ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺎﻘﻋﺃ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﻬﻨﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻷﺍﻭ
،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺀﺎﺠ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ
ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻜ ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤ ﺭﻭﺼﻘﻠﻝ
ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺁ
ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻔﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺽﻌﺒﺒ
ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ
ﺔﺒﺎﻗﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻴﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺭﺎﻘﺘﻓﺍﻭ،ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ
ﺭﺒﺨﻝﺍ ﺹﻘﻨﻭ ﻑﺍﺭﺸﻹﺍﻭ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ، ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓ
ﺕﺭﺜﺃ ﺏﻠﺴﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻓ
لﻜ ﻥﻤ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ،ﺎﻬﻌﻤ
ﺓﺭﻭﺼﺒ
ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤ ﻭﺃ
ﺭﻴﻏ ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺯﺌﺎﻜﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃﻭ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﺩﺍﺯ ﻙﻝﺫ لﻜﻝ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ .
ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﻤﺎﻗ لﺒ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺭﺼﺘﻘﻴ ﻡﻝﻭ ، ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺏﺠﻴ ﻭ ﺔﻨﺠﻝ : لﺜﻤ ، ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺙﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺎﻴﺍﺯﻤ ﺩﻴﻜﺄﺘﺒ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﻬﻝﺍ
ﻱﺭﻭﺒﺩﺎﻜ Cadbury Committee
ﻡﺴﺎﺒ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤﻝ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻊﻀﻭﻝ ﺎﻬﻠﻴﻜﺸﺘ ﻡﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ Cadbury
Best Practice ﻡﺎﻋ
ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻭ ، ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ 1992 )
ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ (OECD
ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤ ﻊﻀﻭﺒ ﺕﻤﺎﻗ Principles of Corporate Governance
ﻡﺎﻋ ﻕﻭﺩﻨﺼﻭ،1999
)ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺸﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ Calpers
ﺔﻨﺠﻝ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ، ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ( Blue Ribbon
Committee
ﻡﺎﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﺤﺭﺘﻘﻤ ﺕﺭﺩﺼﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ . ﻡ 1999
12
ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻪﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ، ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﻝﻭﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﻕﺎﻔﺘﺍ ﻡﺩﻋﻭ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ لﺍﺯ ﺎﻤ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻹﺍ،ﺔﻴﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺴﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﻤﺘﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﻲﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺃ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﺒ ﻥﻴﻤﺘﻬﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻴﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜﻷﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩ
ﻥﺃ ﺩﻴﺒ
لﻭﺤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ،ﺭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﷲﺍﺩﺒﻋ ﺩﺍﺅﻓ11
ﻑﻗﻭﻠﻝ ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﺫﻭﻤﻨ ﺹ ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ،
ﺹ،4 7
ﻷﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﺴﺎﻜﻌﻨﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺴﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻭﺠ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤ ﺭﻭﺩ، لﻴﻠﺨ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ12
ﻕﺍﺭﻭ
ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ -
،ﺔﻴﺩﻭﻌﺴﻝﺍ،ﺩﻝﺎﺨ ﻙﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ،ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤﻝ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﻤﺘﺅﻤﻝﺍ، ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ 2008
ﺏﻴﺭﻗ ﻑﺩﺍﺭﻤﻜ " ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤﻝﺍ" ﻭﻫ ﻲﺜﺤﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜﻷﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﻗﻷﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺎﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﻷﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝ Governance
13.
ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻭ governance ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﺎﻌﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻉﻭﺠﺭﻝﺎﺒﻭ ؛ﺔﻴﻤﻜﺎﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻜﺤﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﻜﺎﺤ ﺎﻫﺎﻨﻌﻤ
ﻅﻔﻝ ﺕﺤﺘ
» ﻡﻜﺤ
« ﺩﺠﻨ لﻴﻗ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ ؛ﺕﺩﺩﺭﻭ ﺕﻌﻨﻤ :ﻰﻨﻌﻤﺒ ؛ﺕﻤﹼﻜﺤﻭ ﺕﻤﻜﺤﺍﻭ ﺕﻤﻜﺤ :لﻭﻘﺘ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ
ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝ ﻰﻨﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ ؛ﻡﻠﻅﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻝﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﻊﻨﻤﻴ ﻪﻨﻷ ﻡﻜﺎﺤ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻡﻜﺎﺤﻠﻝ
» ﻡﹶﻜﺤ
« ﻪﻤﻜﺤﺃﻭ ﺀﻰﺸﻝﺍ ﻡﹶﻜﺤ :
ﺩﺎﺴﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻌﻨﻤ :ﺎﻤﻫﻼﻜ
14.
ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻉﺎﻤﺠﻹﺍ ﺩﺤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺎﻘﻔﺘﻤﻭ ﺎﺤﻀﺍﻭ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺩﺠﻨ ﺔﻴﺯﻴﻠﻜﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻪﻨﺍ ﻙﺸﻻ 13 ﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻙﻝﺫ لﺒﺎﻘﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ . ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺱﻜﻌﺘ ، ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﺤ ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ ﻻ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎ
ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﻭﻫ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﻷﺍ ﺩﺤﺍ ﻥﺍﻭ ، ﺔﻴﺯﻴﻠﻜﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺴﻜﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﻻﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ Governance
.
ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻕﻔﺘﻤ ﻑﺩﺍﺭﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺼﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍﻭ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ
، ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺩﻋ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ
ﻡﻜﺤ :ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﺭﺘﻘﻤﻝﺍ –
ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﻜﺤ – ﺔﻴﻤﻜﺎﺤ – ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤ – ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺃ :لﺜﻤ ،ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ لﺌﺍﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺩﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ
ﻥﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍ ﺭﺩﺠﺘ ،ﺩﺩﺼﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻓﻭ .ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏﻭ ،ﺔﻬﻴﺯﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ، ﺔﻤﻜﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ،ﻰﻠﺜﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﺃ ، ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴ ﻼﻝ ﻥﻭﺩﻴﺅﻤ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺩﻋ ﻕﻔﺘﺘ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ؛ﺓﺎﻜﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺭﻭ ﺎﻤﻝ ﹰﺎﻘﻓﻭ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺍﺭﻵﺍ
ﺩﻗ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﺔﻠﻋﺎﻔﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻤﻜﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻫ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻠﻝ ﺎﻤﻝ) " ﻡﻜﺤ" ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺘﺴﺍ ﻻ
ﻡﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ .(ﺩﻭﺼﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻜﻌﻴ
ﺔﻴﻨﺁ ﻥﻤ ﻯﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺌﺎﻨﺒ ﻰﻓ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻴ ﺎﻤﻝ "ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﻜﺤ" ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺘﺴﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ .ﺩﻭﺼﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻀﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ؛لﺜﺎﻤﺘﻭ ﻪﺒﺎﺸﺘ ﻭﺃ
ﻡﻜﺤﻠﻝ ﻕﺭﻁﺘﺘ ﻰﺘﻝﺍﻭ "ﺔﻴﻤﻜﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨ" ﺓﺎﻤﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﺤﺇ ﻊﻤ ﻁﻠﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻪﺜﺩﺤﻴ ﺩﻗ ﺎﻤﻝ "ﺔﻴﻤﻜﺎﺤ"
ﻥﻋ ﺩﻌﺘﺒﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻷ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻁﻤﻝﺍ لﺌﺍﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺘﺴﺍ ﻯﺅﺭ ﺎﻤﻜ .ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺫﺠ
ﺍ لﺒﺎﻘﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ (ﻡ ﻙ ﺡ) ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝ
Governance ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺏﺭﻗﻷﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ (ﺔﻠﻋﻭﻓ) ﻥﺯﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ "ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤ" ﻥﺈﻓ ﻡﺜ ﻥﻤﻭ .ﺔﻴﺯﻴﻠﺠﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺎﺒ
) ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩ ﺔﺒﺎﻗﺭ ﺔﻬﺠ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺒﺎﻗﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﺎﻌﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻯﻭﻁﻨﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺔﻴﺯﻴﻠﺠﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺎﺒ Governing Body
ﺔﺒﺎﻗﺭ ﺔﺌﻴﻫ ﻭﺃ (
) ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨ Regulatory Body
ﺎﻨﺩﺭﺃ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻩﺩﺎﻌﺒﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﺙﻴﺤ ،(ﻡ ﻙ ﺡ) ﻰﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ "ﺭﺫﺠ" ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﻓﺎﺤﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺇ ﺎﻤﻜ ،(
ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺠﻤﻝ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻤﻷﺍ لﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺤﺍﺭﺘﻗﺍ ﻡﺘ ﺩﻗ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺇ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍ ﺭﺩﺠﺘﻭ .ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻠﻝ ﻑﺩﺍﺭﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺼﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻬﻨﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻰﺼﺼﺨﺘﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺩﻋ ﻪﻨﺴﺤﺘﺴﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ .ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴ
:ﻊﺠﺍﺭ
، ﺔﻴﺭﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﻭﻀﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻘﻝﺇ ﻊﻤ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻝﺍ لﻴﺒﺴ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤ ، ﺎﻁﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﺒﺃ ﻥﻴﻤﺭﻨ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤ
ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺎﻨﻴ،
ﺹ،ﻡ2003 .9 ﺍﺫﻝﻭ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ لﻀﻓ ﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤ" ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ
ﻑﻗﻭ "
ﻜ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﻊﻤ ﺎﻴﺸﺎﻤﺘ ﻑﺩﺍﺭﻤ
ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝ Corporate Governance
ﺹ، ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ﺔﻌﺒﻁ، ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻝ، ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤ ﻥﺒﺍ14
953
ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ،ﻥﺯﻭﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﻤﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻓ ﺩﺭﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤ ﻅﻔﻝ ﻥﺃ ﻡﻏﺭﻭ ﻅﻔﻝ ﺓﺩﺎﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ
ﻰﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝ ﺎﺤﻼﻁﺼﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻕﻔﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺩﺎﺴﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻠﻅﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻊﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﺒﺴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻰﻨﻌﻴ ﻯﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺤ .ﺩﺎﺴﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻠﻅﻝﺍ ﻊﻨﻤ ﻰﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻬﺘ 15
ﺎﻬﺘﻻﻻﺩ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ﻅﺎﻔﻝﻷﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻔﻠﺘﺨﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻰﻫﻭ ﺕﺎﻏﺎﻴﺼ ﺓﺩﻋ ﺩﺠﻭﺘ،ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﺘﻤ :ﻰﻠﻴﺎﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻤﻭ
16
– 1 ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﺘﻭ ،ﺎﻫﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺱﺭﺎﻤﺘ ﻯﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﻰﻫ :ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻌﻀﺍﻭﻭ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺤﺼﺃﻭ ﻥﻴﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃﻭ ﻥﻴﻔﻅﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ
.ﺔﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺍﺭﺸﻹﺍ ﻰﻓ ﻑﺍﺭﻁﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻜ ﻥﻴﺒ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜﻭ -2 ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇﻭ ﻪﻴﺠﻭﺘ ﻥﻴﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤﻠﻝ ﺢﻴﺘﻴ ﻯﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ :ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻁﻴﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺒﺩﺎﻜ ﺔﻨﺠﻝ ﺭﻴﺭﻘﺘ ﻑﺭﻋ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤﻝﺍ لﻤﺸﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻰﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺏﻗﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﻥﻴﻴﻌﺘ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﻡﻬﺘﻜﺭﺸ ﺔﺒﻗﺍﺭﻤﻭ
ﺔﻴﻝﻵﺍ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘﻭ ﺔﻜﺭﺸﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻑﺍﺭﻁﻷﺎﺒ ﺔﻁﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻭﺌﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﻭﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻘﺤﺘ ﻰﺘﻝﺍ
ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤ،ﺭﻤﻋ ﻡﻴﻠﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ15
» ﻊﻤ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﺇ
ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﺇ ﻪﻝﻼﻁ
« ﺔﺜﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺸﺎﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻠﺤﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ لﻤﻋ ﺔﻗﺭﻭ،
ﻥﻭﺜﻼﺜﻝﺍﻭ ،
لﻤﺎﻜ ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺢﻝﺎﺼ ﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﻲﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻼﻝ
، ﺭﻫﺯﻷﺍ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ
، ﺕﺒﺴﻝﺍ لﻭﻷﺍ ﻊﻴﺒﺭ 14
ـﻫ1426 ﻕﻓﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ 23
لﻴﺭﺒﺃ ﺹ،ﻡ2005
2
:ﻊﺠﺍﺭ لﻴﺼﺎﻔﺘﻠﻝ16
ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤ،ﺭﻤﻋ ﻡﻴﻠﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ
» ﻊﻤ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﺇ
ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﺇ ﻪﻝﻼﻁ
« ﺹ ﺹ، ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ،
-2 3
ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺩﺤﻤ، ﻑﺴﻭﻴ ﻥﺴﺤ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻭ
ﺭﻴﻴﺎﻌﻤ ﺎﻫ ﻊﻤ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﺇ
،ﺭﺼﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ ﻁﻤﻨﻝ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻙﻨﺒ
ﻪﻴﻨﻭﻴ ،ﺭﺼﻤ،ﻲﻤﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺹ،2007
4
ﻥﺎﻨﺩﻋ ﻥﺒ ﺭﺩﻴﺤ ﻥﺒ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤ،ﺵﻴﻭﺭﺩ ﺭﻭﺩﻭ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ
ﺱﻠﺠﻤ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﺇ،ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻑﺭﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ
،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺹ ﺹ،2007
-11 15
،ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﻜﺭﻤ ﻥﻴﺭﺸﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻜﻭﺤ
،ﻥﻁﻨﺸﺍﻭ،
2003
http://www.hawkama.net/chapter.asp?id=1
16 International Finance Corporation(IFC), Corporate Governance, 2010,p4. available at : http://www.ifc.org/ifcext/corporategovernance.nsf/AttachmentsByTitle/CGTerms/$FILE /CGTerms.pdf
