Munich Personal RePEc Archive
The role of intellectual capital in
developing SME‘S in GCC countries
Elasrag, Hussein
1 January 2014
Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/54596/
MPRA Paper No. 54596, posted 20 Mar 2014 09:28 UTC
1
ﺭﻭﺩ ﺱﺃﺭ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ
ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ
ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ
ﺔﻴﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ
ﻥﻴﺴﺤ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍﺩﺒﻋ ﺝﺭﺴﻷﺍ
ﺙﺤﺎﺒ ﻯﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ لﻭﺃ
ﺔﻴﺭﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭﺒ
E.Mail:elasrag@gmail.com
ﺹﺨﻠﻤ :
ﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻅﻌﻤ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺎﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻴﻅﺤ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍ لﻭ
،ﻲﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻌﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻡﺠﺤ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﺭﺒﻋ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﻹﺍ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻋﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺒﻌﻠﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ لﻋﺎﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺨﺩﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﻁﻴﺸﻨﺘﻭ ،ﺔﺠﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻓ ﺭﻴﻓﻭﺘﻭ ،ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤ ﻊﻓﺭ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺜ ﻥﻤﻭ لﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻡﺠﺤ ﺭﺩﻘﻴﻭ .ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺞﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ
ﻡﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﻜ) ﺔﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﻭﺤﻨﺒ (2012
ﻭﺤﻨ لﺩﺎﻌﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻱﺃ ،ﺭﻻﻭﺩ ﺭﺎﻴﻠﻤ 14 ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺇ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺌﺎﻤﻝﺎﺒ 4.2
ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺏﻴﺼﻨ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﺩﺘﻤ ﺩﻌﺘ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ ،ﻲﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ .ﺔﻤﺩﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻑﺩﻬﻴ ﻭ
ﺩ ﺱﺃﺭ ﺭﻭ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ
ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ
ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ .
2
:ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ
ﺩﻌﺘ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ
ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﺩﻴﻌﺼ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺭﺜﺅﻤ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺎﻤﻝ ﻲﻤﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻁﺎﻗ
لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻓ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺍﻭ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ،
ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺭﻴﺩﺼﺘﻭ
ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ
ﻕﻴﺭﻁﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﻴ ﻥﻭﻤﻀﻤﻝﺍ
ﺎﻬﺤﺎﺠﻨﻝ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﺤﻀﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﻻﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﻏﺭﺒﻭ.
ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻲﻤﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ
ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ
ﺩﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺯﻤﻝ ﺔﺠﺎﺤﺒ ﺕﻝﺍﺯﺎﻤ ﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺠﺎﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩ ﺯﻴﺯﻌﺘﻝ
ﻯﺭﻴﺩﺼ . ﺩﻗﻭ ﻨﻴﺒ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘ ﺕ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ
ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ
ﹰﺎﻤﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺞﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺘﻤ
ﹰﺍﺩﻴﺍﺯ
، ﺃ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻤﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻥ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ
ﻥﻭﺩﻘﺘﻔﻴ
ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺒﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻴﺩﺼﺘﻝﺍﻭ
.
ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻜﺭﺤﻤ ﺎﻤﻫ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺎﻜﺘﺒﻻﺍﻭ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻡﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﻡﻠﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻴﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩ
ﻓ . ﻔ ﺭﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺘﻭﻝﺍ ﻪﻜﺭﺤﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴ ﻲ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻜﺘﺒﻼﻝ ﺔﻌﻴ
ﺒ ﺭﺩﺠﻴ ﺞﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻰﻓ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺎ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇﻭ ﺏﺎﺴﺘﻜﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﺩﻗ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻝ ﺔﻨﻴﺘﻤ ﺱﺴﺃ ﺀﺎﺴﺭﺇ
ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺔﻤﻝﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺤﻴﺘﺘ ﻲﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﻓﻹﺍ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻭ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤ ﺭﻴﺨﺴﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻜﻴ لﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ .ﺓﺩﺠﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺅﻤ ﺥﺎﻨﻤ ﺔﺌﻴﻬﺘﺒ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ، ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺽﺍﺭﻏﻷ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ
ﻤ لﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺸﻨ ﻥﻋ ﻼﻀﻓ ،ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻜﺘﺒﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺘﺴﻻ ﺨ
ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻋﺎﻔﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺭﻁﻷﺍ ﻑﻠﺘ
ﻓﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻨﺘﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ.ﻩﺫﻫ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﺼﺒ ﻭ
ﺕﺍﺭ
ﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻊﺴﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﻡﺠﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺭﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻨﺘﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺯﻴﻤﻠﻝ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﺴﻔﺘﻝ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﺘﺘ ،ﻕﺍﻭﺴﻷ
لﻜﺸﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﺏﺴﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺏﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﻗ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺔﻨﻭﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻠﻫﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺏﻭﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﻻ
ﺭﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﻭﻤ لﻼﺘﺤ ﺎﻴ
ﺩﺓ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ لﻜﺎﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻓ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ،ﻲﻤﻗﺭﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﻭ ﺍﺫﻫ لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﻊﻤ ﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﻝﺎﺠﻤ ﻕﻴﻀﻴ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻊﻨﺼ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋﻭ ﻡﻜﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﺘﻤ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤ لﺘﺤﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻰﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻊﻴﻁﺘﺴﻴ ﻥﻝ ﻭ .ﻑﺤﺍﺯﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ
.ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺃﺭﻁﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺙﺩﺤﺃ ﺔﺒﻜﺍﻭﻤﺒ ﻻﺇ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ
3
:ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤ
ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻨﺼ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ لﺘﺤﺘ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﺔﻴﻀﻗ ﻥﺇ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺭﻭﺤﻤ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻪﺒﻌﻠﺘ ﺎﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺒ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺩﺴﺠﺘﺘﻭ. ﺎﻬﺒ
ﺩﻴﻝﻭﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﺩﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ
ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤ ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻗ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﺴﺃﺭ ﺔﻔﻠﻜﺘﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤﺒ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻁﻭﺘﻭ ﺞﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻰﻓ ﺭﻬﻅﺘ ﺕﺃﺩﺒ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻴﻭﻗ ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻤﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﻔﻠﺨ ﻁﺒﺍﻭﺭﺒ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﺘﻤﺘﺘﻭ ،1
ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﺘﻭ ،ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﺎﺘﻤﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯﻭ ﻪﻌﻴﻭﻨﺘﻭ لﺨﺩﻝﺍ
لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﺒ -
ﻪﺘﻝﺂﻀ ﻰﻠﻋ -
ﺹﺭﺤﻭ ﻪﺘﺭﺍﺩﺈﺒ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻜﻠﻤﻝ ﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﻼﻝ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ
.ﻰﻠﺜﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﺘﺭﺍﺩﺇﻭ ﻪﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤ ﺡﺎﺠﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ
لﻼﺨ1
ﺩﻭﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻘﻝﺍ
،ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍ
ﺕﺍﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ لﻭﺩ
ﺱﻠﺠﻤ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻝﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺠﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﻓﺍﻭﻝﺍ
ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻤﻨﻹﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﺩﺤﻝﺍﻭ
ﻥﻤ ﻁﻭﻐﻀ ﺓﺭﻭﻓ
ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻅﻭ.
ﻅﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻴ ﻲﻓ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻋﺩﻴ
ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺔﺸﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ
ﺔﻌﻔﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻨﺃ ﺭﻴﻏ.
ﻲﻓ لﻅ ﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﺩﺩﻋ ﻥﺎﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ
ﺏﺎﺒﺸﻝﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ
ﻕﻠﺨ ﺹﺭﻓ
لﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻁﺍﻭﻤﻝ
ﺱﻠﺠﻤ لﺜﻤﻴ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘ
ﺩﻗﻭ ﻊﻔﺘﺭﻴ لﺩﻌﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺩﺎﻘﻝﺍ
ﺎﻤ ﻡﻝ
ﺭﻓﻭﺘﺘ ﺹﺭﻓ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺯﻤﻝ
ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻙﺸ ﻻﻭ .ﻥﻴﻨﻁﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺃ
ﻥﺎﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺏﺎﺒﺸﻝﺍ
ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﺍﻭ ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤ
ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺴ ﻱﺩﺅﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﺍ ﻥﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻋ ﺩﺩﺠﻝﺍ
ﻲﻓ ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ
لﻼﺨ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺒﻘﻤﻝﺍ
ﻡﻏﺭﻭ. ﻥﺃ ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤ ﻥﻴﻨﻁﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ
ﻲﻓ ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻻ لﺍﺯﺘ ﺔﻀﻔﺨﻨﻤ ﻲﻓ
ﺱﻠﺠﻤ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ
ﻲﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ )
لﺎﺠﺭﻠﻝ % 52 ﻭ
25 % ﺙﺎﻨﻺﻝ
ﻲﻓ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ
،( ﺍ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺕﺩﺯ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺭﺍﺩﻤ ﺩﻘﻌﻝﺍ
،ﻲﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ
لﺎﻤﺘﺤﺍ ﺙﻭﺩﺤ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ
ﻡﺎﻤﻀﻨﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﻁﺍﻭﻤ
ﻥﻤ ﻱﻭﺫ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺩﻝﺍ
،ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻻ
ﺎﻤﻴﺴ
،ﺙﺎﻨﻹﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ
ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺍﺩﺎﻨﺘﺴﺍﻭ.
ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤ ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ
ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
،ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻘﻓ
ﺘ ﻭﻤﻨ ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍ لﺩﻌﻤﺒ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ
ﺡﻭﺍﺭﺘﻴ ﻥﻴﺒ
ﻭ 3%
لﻜ 4%
،ﻡﺎﻋ ﻙﻝﺫﻝﻭ- ﻥﺈﻓ ﺍﺩﺩﻋ ﺎﻴﻓﺎﻀﺇ ﺡﻭﺍﺭﺘﻴ ﻥﻴﺒ
-1.2 ﻥﻭﻴﻠﻤ 1.6
ﻥﻁﺍﻭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ
ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ لﺨﺩﻴ ﺩﻗ
ﻰﻝﺇ ﻕﻭﺴ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ لﻭﻠﺤﺒ ﻡﺎﻋ ﻕﻭﺩﻨﺼ ﻊﺠﺍﺭ .2018
ﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ
، ﺕﺎﺤﻼﺼﺇ ﻕﻭﺴ
لﻤﻌﻝﺍ
ﺯﻴﺯﻌﺘﻝ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍﻭ ﻲﻓ
ﺱﻠﺠﻤ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝ
ﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﺞ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺯﻭﻝ ﻱﻭﻨﺴﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ
ﻲﻅﻓﺎﺤﻤﻭ ﻙﻭﻨﺒﻝﺍ
،ﺽﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ
،ﺔﻴﺩﻭﻌﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻭﺘﻜﺃ 5
ﺹ،2013 6
4
ﻤﺘﻫﺎﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻴﻅﺤ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻅﻌﻤ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺎ
ﻲﻌﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻡﺠﺤ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﺭﺒﻋ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﻹﺍ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻋﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺒﻌﻠﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ لﻋﺎﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﻁﻴﺸﻨﺘﻭ ،ﺔﺠﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻓ ﺭﻴﻓﻭﺘﻭ ،ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤ ﻊﻓﺭ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺜ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﻲﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻡﺠﺤ ﺭﺩﻘﻴﻭ .ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺩﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﺞﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ لﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫ
ﻡﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﻜ) ﺔﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨﺒ (2012
ﻭﺤﻨ لﺩﺎﻌﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻱﺃ ،ﺭﻻﻭﺩ ﺭﺎﻴﻠﻤ 14 ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺇ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺌﺎﻤﻝﺎﺒ 4.2
ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺏﻴﺼﻨ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﺩﺘﻤ ﺩﻌﺘ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ ،ﻲﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻰﻫ ﺎﻤﻓ .ﺔﻤﺩﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻝ ﺔﻤﺯﻼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ
ﺯﻴﺯﻌﺘ ﺱﺃﺭ ﺭﻭﺩ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ
ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ
ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ
؟ﻰﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻓ ﺩﻭﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩ ﺏﻌﻠﺘﻝ
ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻫ
ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻑﺩﻬﻴ ﺱﺃﺭ ﺭﻭﺩ
لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ
ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ
، :لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ -
-1 ﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﻭﻀﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝ
.ﺞﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻰﻓ
-2 لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺱﺃﺭ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻡﻫﺃ
لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ .
-3 ﺯﺯﻌﺘ ﻰﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺄﺒ ﺔﻴﺼﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ﺭﻭﺩ
لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ
ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ .
: ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻠﻝ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ
ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ
ﺕﺎﻗﻭﻌﻤ
ﻡﻫﺃ ﻰﻝﺍ لﺼﻭﺘﻠﻝ ﻰﻁﺎﺒﻨﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻰﺌﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻡﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ، ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﺯﻴﺯﻌﺘ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴ
ﺱﺃﺭ ﺭﻭﺩ
لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ
ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ
ﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ لﻭﺩ ﻰﻓ .ﻲﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﻥ
:ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺨ
5
:ﻻﻭﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ
.
:ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ :ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ . ﻯﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃﻭ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ
ﺱﺃﺭ ﺭﻭﺩ :ﺎﺜﻝﺎﺜ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ
ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ
ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ
.ﺕﺎﻴﺼﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ
:ﻻﻭﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ
ﺔﻴﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ
ﺩﻋﺎﺴﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ.ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻝﻸﻝ ﺔﻴﻭﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻰﻓ ﺎﻤﻬﻤ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻌﻠﺘ ﻲﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺎﻓ.ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻤﻭ لﺩﺎﻋ ﻯﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻭﻤﻨ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻓ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺒﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻗﻼﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻻ ﺭﻓﻭﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻸﻝ ﺔﺒﺍﺫﺠ ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﺒﻭ لﺒ ،ﻁﻘﻓ ﺎﻫﺩﺤﻭ ﺓﺭﻴ
ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﻴﺘﺤﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺓﺅﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﺩﺭﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻨﺘﻤﻭ ﺔﻌﺴﺍﻭ ﺔﻜﺒﺸ .ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻱﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻤﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ
ﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻻﺎﺒ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻰﻝﺇ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻓ ﺭﻴﻓﻭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺴﻴﺌﺭ ﺭﻭﺩﺒ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓ
ﺩﻴﻝﺍ لﻭﺎﻨﺘﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺎﻌﺴﺄﺒ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﻊﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻓﻭﺘﺒ ﺎﻬﻤﺎﻴﻗﻭ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺏﻴﺼﻨﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺠﺇﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﺘﺒﻻﺍﻭ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻋﺩﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺩﻭﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺩﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺫ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﺨﻀ ﺔﺤﻴﺭﺸﻝ ﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺡﻭﻤﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﺫ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺩﺍﻭﺭ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺭﻭﻬﻅ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻠﻜﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴ
.ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍﻭ
ﻭﺤﻨ لﺜﻤﺘ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﻹﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺭﻴﺸﺘﻭ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺇ ﻥﻤ %90
ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ، ،ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻡﻅﻌﻤ ﻰﻓ %50
- لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻓ ﻰﻝﺎﻤﺠﺇ ﻥﻤ %60 ﺎﻤﻜ ،2
ﻡﻬﺴﺘ
2UNIDO and the World Summit on Sustainable Development ,CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: Implications for Small and Medium Enterprises in Developing
6
ﻰﻝﺍﻭﺤﺒ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻠﻝ ﻰﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻓ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﺒ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﺘﻭ ﻰﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ %46
لﻴﺜﻤﺘ ﺭﺩﻗ ،ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨﺒ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ
ﺞﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺇ ﻥﻤ %65
ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ ،ﺎﺒﻭﺭﻭﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻤﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺍﺩﻘﻤ ﺔﺼﺤﺒ
ﻘﻝﺍ ﺞﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺇ ﻥﻤ %45 ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻤﻭ
ﺽﻌﺒ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻜﺘ ،ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﻝﺍ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤ ﹰﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ
ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺩﻜﺅﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻠﻝ ﺩﻴﺤﻭﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺭ ﻲﻫ .ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ
ﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻫ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰ
ﻲﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﺭﺩﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﻬﻤ ﺩﻭﺯﻤ ﻥﺍﻭﻴﺎﺘ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘﻭ.
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻤﻫﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﻎﻨﻭﻜ ﻎﻨﻭﻫﻭ ،ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ
ﻭ ﻥﺎﺒﺎﻴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻰﻝﺍﻭﺤ
ﺔﺌﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ 81 ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻥﻤ
،ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻫ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻔﻅﻭﻤ ﺔﻌﺴﺘ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺤﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻅﻭﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ
ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻑﻼﺨ ﻰﻠﻋ .ﺔﻌﺒﺭﺃ ﻑﻅﻭﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ
3
Countries, UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION Vienna, 2002 ,p2
ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﺤﺍ ﺭﻴﺸﺘ 3
ﻰﻝﺇ 8 ﺭﻴﻐﺼ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤ ﻥﻭﻴﻠﻤ 12
ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻭ
ﻡﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺸﻋ ﺱﻤﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﻭﺭﻭﻻﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻻﺎﺒ 2005
ﻥﻭﻴﻠﻤ 2.5 ﺩﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﻻﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤ ﻲﻓ
ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ لﺜﻤﺘ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻥﻤ %99
ﻉﺎﻁﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﺜﻠﺜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺫﻭﺤﺘﺴﺘﻭ
ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ،
ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻑﺼﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﺘ ﻥﻤ لﻗﺃ لﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺩﺠﻭﺃ ﺩﻗ ﺎﺒﻭﺭﻭﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺎﺒﻴﺭﻘﺘ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ
%5
ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺠﻭﻴ ﻪﻨﺍﻭ. ﺓﺭﻭﻁﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ لﻤﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ
ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻝ
ﻰﻝﺍﻭﺤ ﻯﺯﺍﻭﻴ ﺎﻤﺒ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤ ﻥﻭﻴﻠﻤ 3.7
ﺎﻬﻨﻤ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺹﺎﺨﺸﺃ ﺓﺭﺸﻋ لﻜﻝ ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﻲﻫ %99.7
ﻰﻜﻴﺭﻤﺍ ﺭﻴﺭﻘﺘ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻰﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺸﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ. ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻭ ﻯﺭﻐﺼ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺭﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻨﺘﻤ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺄﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ ﺙﻴﺩﺤ ﺎﻫﺩﺩﻋ ﻎﻝﺎﺒﻝﺍ
ﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﻯﺭﺠ ﺎﻨﻭﻴﻠﻤ 24 ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﻝ
ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ 1979-1995
ﻥﺈﻓ ﻥﻤ لﻗﺃ لﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺩﺠﻭﺃ ﺩﻗ ﹰﺎﺒﻴﺭﻘﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ %75
ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ %10
،ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺡﻭﺍﺭﺘﺘ ،ﻉﻭﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻏ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ لﺜﻤﻴ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻗ ﻥﺍﻭ
ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻋ ﺓﺩﻘﻌﻤ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻜﺭ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﻜﺩ :ﻊﺠﺍﺭ.
-National bank of Dubai The Nature of Small and Medium Size Enterprises in GCC’s Industrial Sector, Economic report , uae ,march 2007, pp6-7
7
ﻭﺘ لﺘﺤ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﻝﻭﺃ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﺘﻤ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ
ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﻰﻬﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻁﻤﻨﻝﺍ
ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻠﻝ ﺏﻝﺎﻐﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﻊﻗﻭﺘﻴﻭ .ﺔﻴﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻓ
ﻌﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻭﻤﻨﻠﻝ ﺓﺭﻁﺎﻗ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻓ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻓﻭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﺘ ﻥﺃﻭ ،ﺔﻤﺩﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﻘ
ﻰﻔﻓ .ﺓﺩﺭﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯﻠﻝ ﺔﻤﺯﻼﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﺘ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﻹﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ
ﻪﺘﺒﺴﻨ ﺎﻤ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻑﻅﻭﺘﻭ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺩﺩﻋ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺍ ﻥﻤ %90
ﻥﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ %85
ﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻬﺴﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻝﺍﻭﺤ لﻜﺸﺘ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸ
ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻓﻭ .ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻁﻘﻓ %30
ﻲﻝﺍﻭﺤ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ لﻜﺸﺘ ﺔﻴﺩﻭﻌﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺏﻋﻭﺘﺴﺘﻭ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺍ ﻥﻤ %93
ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﻻﺍ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤ لﺜﻤﺘ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻊﻤﻭ ﺔﻝﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺍ ﻥﻤ %27 ﻁﻘﻓ %33
ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤ ﻲﻫﻭ
ﺔﻔﻴﻌﻀ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻠﻝ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﻻﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻪﻠﻜﺸﺘ ﺎﻤﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ
ﻊﻴﻭﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘﻭ،
ﻥﻋ لﻘﻴ ﻻ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻡﻬﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ %50
ﻲﻝﺍﻭﺤ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﺜﻤﺘﻭ .ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﻻﺍ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺇ ﻥﻤ %70
ﻰﻓ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝ ﺔﻨﻁﻠﺴ
ﻥﺎﻤﻋ لﻤﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،ﻙﺎﻤﺴﻷﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻋﺍﺭﺯﻝﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻗ ﺓﺩﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻋﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ لﺘﺤﺘ ﺱﻠﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﺔﻴﻘﺒﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒﻭ .ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻨﻁﻠﺴﻭ ﻥﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻭ ، ﺭﻁﻗ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ ﻲﻔﻓ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ لﺜﻤﺘ ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ﺔ
ﻲﻓ ﺽﻔﺨﻨﺘ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ %92
ﻰﻝﺍ ﺕﻴﻭﻜﻝﺍ .%78
4
ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ لﻭﺩ ﺓﺭﺒﺨ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘ، لﻴﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺤ ﻥﺒ ﺯﻴﺯﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ4
ﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﻭﻌﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻘﺘﻠﻤﻝﺍ،
ﺽﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ، ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺂﺸﻨ -
،ﺔﻴﺩﻭﻌﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻝﺍ -28
29
ﻭﻴﺎﻤ ﺹ،2013
5
8
ﻯﺭﺨﻷ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻭ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻴﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻷ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ 5
ﻲﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻋﻭ ﺕﺎﻨﻭﻜﻤ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻭ ﻊﻴﻨﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ لﺜﻤ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﻓﻭﺭﻅﻭ ﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻨﻭ ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﻯﺩﻤﻭ، ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﺜﻜﻝﺍﻭ ، ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ لﺒﻗ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩ
ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏﻭ لﺨﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻭﺠﻼﻝ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ، ﺎﻬﻠﻴﻫﺎﺘ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻭ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ لﻫﻭ ، ﻪﻨﻤ ﻑﺩﻬﻠﻝ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻴﻭ ﺎﻤﻜ . ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻭ ﺢﻤﻼﻤ ﺩﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻼﻝ . ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺽﺍﺭﻏﺃ ﺔﻴﻻ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻭﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺽﺍﺭﻏﻼﻝ ﻡﺃ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﻹﺍ ﺽﺍﺭﻏ 6
55
ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨ ﻥﻤ ﹰﺎﺸﺎﻘﻨ ﺭﻴﺜﻴ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻨﺼﺘﻝ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻤﻭ ﺩﺤﻭﻤ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ لﺍﺯ ﺎﻤ ﻲﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ لﺤﺍﺭﻤ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻤﺘﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﻴﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻴﻴﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ
.ﺔﻤﺩﻘﺘﻤ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﹰﺍﺭﻴﻐﺼ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻨ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺎﻓ ،ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺕﻤﺎﻗ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﻴﺸﺘﻭ
ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﺒ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﹰﺎﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﹰﺎﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘ 25
ﹰﺍﺩﻠﺒ 25
ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺕﻴﺭﺠﺃ ﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺎﺒﺘ
.ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝ ﺭﻴﻴﺎﻌﻤ ﻉﻭﻨﺘﺘﻭ
ﹰﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍ ،لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ،ﺔﻝﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﻴﻭ .ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺹﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻉﻭﻨ لﺜﻤ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻠﻝ ﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﺜﻤ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﺓﺩﻋ ﺭﹼﻓﻭﺘ ﺢﻀﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻷﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻠﻜﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻝﺍ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻗﺩﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠ
.ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻨﺎﺴﻤﻭ ﻡﻋﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺨﻭ ،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﺘﺴﺘﻭ
ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻨﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻌﻴﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﺤﻭ ،لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ﻡﺠﺤﻭ ،ﺔﻝﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﻷﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﺔﻝﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ، ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼ
،ﻊﺠﺍﺭ.لﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﺼﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﻬﺴﻝ ﹰﺎﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﻨﺎﻤﻷﺍ
ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ
ﻑﺭﻐﻝ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍﻭ
ﺔﻋﺍﺭﺯﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻼﺒﻠﻝ
ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ لﻴﻭﻤﺘ،
ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ
ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺤﺍﻭ
ﺕﺎﺠﺎﻴﺘ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ
ﺙﺤﺒ،ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻘﻤ
ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﺴﺎﺘﻝﺍ
ﻥﻴﺜﻼﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻤﺘﺅﻤﻝ
ﻑﺭﻏ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍﻭ
ﺔﻋﺍﺭﺯﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻼﺒﻠﻝ
ﻭﺒﺃ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ
،ﻲﺒﻅ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ
،ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ -2
ﺭﺎﻴﺃ 3 ) ﻭﻴﺎﻤ ( ﺹ ﺹ،2007 -3
4
ﺎﻨﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺩﻋ ﻰﻓ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ لﻭﺤ لﻴﺼﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺯﻤﻝ 6
،ﺔﻤﺩﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤ
:ﻊﺠﺍﺭ
9
ﺓﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍ ﺭﺩﺠﺘﻭ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ
ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻠﻝ ﺩﺤﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻓ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺘﻴ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻓ
ﻭ،ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻭ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻯﺭﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﺎﻌﺘ ﻥﻴﺎﺒﺘﺘ
ﺓﺩﻤﺘﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻓ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻰﻓ
:(1
) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻓ ﺓﺩﻤﺘﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ (1
ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻋ
ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺭﻴﻴﺎﻌﻤ
:ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ﺔﻨﻁﻠﺴ
- ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤ
- ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤ
- ﻥﻤ لﻗﺃ لﺎﻤﻋ 10
- ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ – 10
لﻤﺎﻋ 100
ﻥﻤ لﻗﺃ ﺭﻤﺜﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ﻑﻝﺃ50 .لﺎﻴﺭ
) ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ – 50
(100
.لﺎﻴﺭ ﻑﻝﺃ
:ﺔﻴﺩﻭﻌﺴﻝﺍ
- ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤ
- ) ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ – 1
ﻼﻤﺎﻋ (20
ﺭﻤﺜﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ﺩﻴﺯﻴ ﻻﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ لﺎﻴﺭ ﻥﻭﻴﻠﻤ 20
- ﺍﺯﻭ ﺭ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻨﺘﻤ ﺕﺂﺸﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﻰﺌﺍﺭﺠﻻﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ، ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺓ
ﺹ ﺹ،ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ،ﺭﺼﻤ ﻰﻓ -10
49
-Doha Abdelhamid and Alia El Mahdi,The Small Business Informality Challenge:
Lessons Learned From Country Experiences and The Road Ahead of Egypt, ERF Working Paper Series, Economic Research Forum, Working Paper 0324 , pp28-36
10
- ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤ -
) ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ – 21
ﻼﻤﺎﻋ (100 ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝ ﺢﻝﺎﺼ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ
: ﺕﻴﻭﻜﻝﺍ
- ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤ
- ﻤ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘ
ﻥﻤ لﻗﺃ لﺎﻤﻋ 10
) ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ – 10
ﻼﻤﺎﻋ (50 ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻤ ﺱﺃﺭ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﻴ ﻻ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻲﺘﻴﻭﻜ ﺭﺎﻨﻴﺩ ﻑﻝﺃ 200
: ﻥﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ
- ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤ
- ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤ
) ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ – 5
ﻼﻤﺎﻋ (19
) ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ – 20
ﻼﻤﺎﻋ (100
ﺞﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ لﻭﺩ ): ﺔﻴﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﺞﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤ ﻑﻴﻨﺼﺘ
ﺸﺘﺴﻼﻝ (ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎ
- ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤ
- ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤ
- ﻥﻤ لﻗﺃ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ لﻤﻌﻴ ﻼﻤﺎﻋ 30
- ﻥﻤ لﻗﺃ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ لﻤﻌﻴ ﻼﻤﺎﻋ 60
ﺭﻤﺜﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﻴ ﻻ ﺭﻻﻭﺩ ﻥﻭﻴﻠﻤ2
) ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺭﻤﺜﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ -2
.ﺭﻻﻭﺩ ﻥﻭﻴﻠﻤ (6
ﻡﻋﺩﻝ ﻲﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻨﺼﺘ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﺀﺎﺸﻨﺇ ﻰﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭ
11
(ﻯﺩﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ)
- : ﹰﺍﺩﺠ ﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ
- : ﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ
- : ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ
- ) ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ – 1
لﺎﻤﻋ (4
- ) ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ – 5
ﻼﻤﺎﻋ (19
- ) ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ – 20
ﻼﻤﺎﻋ (99
ﺍ لﻴﻐﺸﺘﻭ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺤﻠﻝ ﺭﺎﻴﺨﻜ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ، ﻰﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤ:ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻓ ﺏﺎﺒﺸﻝ
، ﺭﺼﻤ / ﺦﻴﺸﻝﺍ ﻡﺭﺸ،ﻥﻭﺜﻼﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺴﻤﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ،ﻰﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻤﺘﺅﻤ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ 23
ﻁﺎﺒﺸ /ﺭﻴﺍﺭﺒﻓ
- ﺭﺍﺫﺁ / ﺱﺭﺎﻤ 1 2008
ﺹ ﺹ -13
15
ﺩﺩﻋ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺼﻴﺭﺤ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺞﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻭ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ
ﺔﺼﺎﺨ
ﺔﻴﺩﻭﻌﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻜﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺢﻀﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻜﻭ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻡﻏﺭﺒﻭ . ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﻹﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻤﻋﻭ
(1 ﻥﺃ ﻅﺤﻼﻴﻭ
ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻡﺠﺤ ﻎﻠﺒ ﺩﻘﻓ، ﹰﺍﺩﺠ ﺔﻴﻨﺩﺘﻤ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻡﺠﺤ ﻲﻝﺍﻭﺤ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺍ ﻥﻤ % 4.2
ﻡﺎﻋ ﺱﻠﺠﻤﻝﺍ .2012
7
) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻜﺸﻝﺍ (1
ﻡﺎﻋ ﺱﻠﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺍ 2012
ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ لﻭﺩ ﺓﺭﺒﺨ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘ، لﻴﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺤ ﻥﺒ ﺯﻴﺯﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ7
ﺹ، ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ،
8
12
ﻙﻴﻭﺠ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻗ :ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝﺍ .ﺔﻤﺩﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺎﺒ ﺓﻭﺴﺃ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺠﺎﺤ ﻙﺎﻨﻬﻓ ﺍﺫﻝ ﺩﺩﻋ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺹﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﺸﻴﻭ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ
ﻓ ﺞﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒ ﻰ
ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺠﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﻗﺎﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺯﻤﻝ ﺔﺒﻠﺠﻤ ﺢﺒﺼﻴ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻊﺴﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻓﻭﺨ ﺭﺫﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺩﻗ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﻭﻌﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻪﺒﻨﺠﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﻴﻐﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺹﺭﺤﺘ ﺭﻤﺃ ﻭﻫﻭ.
ﺡﺎﺘﻔﻨﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻏﺭ ﻙﺎﻨﻬﻓ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺎﻬﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺠﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺯﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ
. ﻥﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻓ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻼﻝ ﺔﻤﺌﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺓﻭﻋﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻙﻴﻫﺎﻨ ﺭﻁﻗﻭ ﻥﺎﻤﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﻭﻌﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﻠﻜﺸ ﺩﻘﻓ ) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻜﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺢﻀﺘﻴ
(2 ﻪﺘﺒﺴﻨ ﺎﻤ %46.1
ﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﻓﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻤﻅﻌﻤ ﻥﺃﻭ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎ
ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻝ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻨﻁﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﻨ ﻊﻓﺭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺠﺎﺤﺒ ﺱﻠﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻓ .ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝﻭ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻤ 8
) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻜﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺇ (2
ﻡﺎﻋ ﺱﻠﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ 2012
ﺹ، ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ8
9
13
ﻙﻴﻭﺠ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻗ :ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝﺍ
ﺕﺂﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻋ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺱﻠﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻥﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻭ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﻹﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﺭﺩﺼﺘﺘﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﻹﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻠﻜﺸ ﺙﻴﺤ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺂﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺍﻭﺤ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ %85.5
ﻡﺎﻌﻝ ﻥﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤ ﻲﻓﻭ ،2012
) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺢﻀﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ .81.8 .(2
) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻋ ﺱﻠﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺂﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻋ (2
2012
ﺼﺎﺨ ﺕﺂﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﺔﻤﺎﻗﺇ ﻰﻓ ﻕﻼﺨ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﻤ ﺭﻭﺩﺒ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻘﺘﻭ ﺭﻴﺸﺘﻭ. ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔ
ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻙﻨﺒﻠﻝ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺩﺍﺩﺯﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺭﻅﺘﻨﻴﻭ ﺀﺎﺴﻨ ﺎﻬﻜﻠﻤﺘ ﺞﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒ ﻰﻓ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ %25
14
ﺥﺎﻨﻤ ﻰﻓ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘﻭ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻠﻝ ﺹﺭﻓ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻓ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﺕﻴﻅﺤ ﺎﻤﻝ لﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻰﻓ ﺎﻬﻁﺎﺸﻨ ﺩﺘﻤﻴ ﻥﺃ لﻤﺄﻨﻭ . ﺢﺘﻔﻨﻤﻭ ﺢﻤﺎﺴﺘﻤ ﺹﺭﻓ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺡﻭﻠﺘ ﻰﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻗﺎﺒ ﻰﻝﺇ ل
ﻡﺎﻋ ﺫﻨﻤﻭ . ﺕﺎﻴﺭﺨﺃ ﺕﺎﻴﺒﺭﻋ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸ ﻰﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺓﺩﻋﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺎﻜ 2005
ﺔﺒﺤﺎﺼ ﻑﻝﺃ 29.7
ﻡﺎﻋ ﻰﻓﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﻭﻌﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻓ لﻤﻋ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺎﻜ 2008
ﻰﻓ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﻴﺴ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ ﻰﻓ ﻭﻀﻋ ﺓﺩﻴﺴ ﻑﻝﺃ 12
ﻥﻬﻝ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﻹﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﺒ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤ ﻑﻝﺃ 11
ﺭﺩ ﻥﻭﻴﻠﺒ 12.5 ﺕﺂﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺙﻠﺜ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ . ﻰﺘﺍﺭﺎﻤﺇ ﻡﻫ
ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﻱﻭﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﺌﺎﻋ ﻕﻭﻔﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﺴﻨ ﻰﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻜﻠﻤ ﺩﻭﻌﺘ ﺭﻻﻭﺩ ﻑﻝﺃ 100
9.
ﺏﺴﺘﻜﺘﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ
ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﻫﺃ
ﻲﻓ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ
ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ
ﻕﹼﻠﻌﺘﺘ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﺒ ﺎﻬﻠﻜﺎﻴﻫ
ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ
،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺏﺴﻨﻭ
ﺭﻓﻭﺘ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ
،ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ
ﻲﻨﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﺴﻠﻝ
ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍﻭ .
ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻭ ﺯﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﻡﻫﺃ
ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺠﻴﻹﺍ
ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﺘﻘﺘ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﺒ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ
ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻲﻠﻴ :
.1 ﻡﺩﺨﺘﺴﺘ ﻩﺫﻫ
ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﹰﻨﻭﻨﻓ
ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﺇ ﺔﻁﻴﺴﺒ
ﺎﻴﺒﺴﻨ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﺎﺒ ﺔﻓﺎﺜﻜ
،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﻴ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ
ﻲﻨﺎﻌﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﻓﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺩﻨﻭ ﺱﺃﺭ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﺸﻤ
ﺔﻠﻜ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ
ﺩﺒﻜﺘ
ﻑﻴﻝﺎﻜﺘ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﺴﺃﺭ
ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻋ .
.2 ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﻻﺎﺒ
ﻲﻓﺍﺭﻐﺠﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻤ
ﺩﻋﺎﺴﻴ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻴﻠﻘﺘ ﺕﺎﺘﻭﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ
،ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻭ
ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ
،ﺔﻨﺯﺍﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﻭ
ﻕﺍﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﻭﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ
ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻻ ﻱﺭﻐﺘ ﺕﺂﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ
ﻥﹼﻁﻭﺘﻝﺎﺒ
ﺏﺭﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ
ﻭﺃ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﻌﻤ
.
.3 ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻌﻠﺴ
ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻭ ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻝ
ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ
لﺨﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ
ﻰﻌﺴﺘ لﻭﺼﺤﻠﻝ
ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺭﺎﻌﺴﺄﺒ ﺔﺼﻴﺨﺭ
ﺎﻴﺒﺴﻨ ﻕﻔﺘﺘ ﻊﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺭﺩﻗ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ
) ﻥﺇﻭ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﻴ لﺯﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ
ﺽﻌﺒ
ﺀﻲﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻝﺍ
(.
ﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻤﺘﺅﻤ9
ﺔــﻤﻋﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻭــﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭــﻁﺎﻗ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻯﺭﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺂﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍ ،ﻲ
لﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﻨﺒﻝﺍ ،ﻰﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﻜﻤﻝ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺭﻘﺘ ،لﻴــﻐﺸﺘﻠﻝ –
ﺔــﻨﻤﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺩـــﻝﺍ، لﻭﻷﺍ ﻡﺴﻘﻝﺍ
ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻭــﺜﻼﺜﻝﺍﻭ –
، ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﻬﻤﺠ 15 – 22
ﺭﺎﻴﺁ / ﻭﻴﺎﻤ ﺹ ، 2011
28
15
.4 ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﺼﺭﻓ
ﺓﺩﻴﺩﻋ لﻤﻌﻠﻝ ﺽﻌﺒﻝ
،ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺼﺒﻭ
ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺙﺎﻨﻹﺍ
ﺏﺎﺒﺸﻝﺍﻭ
ﻥﻴﺤﺯﺎﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻤ
ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﺭﻝﺍ
ﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻴﻠﻫﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ
ﻡﺎﻤﻀﻨﻼﻝ ﻰﻝﺇ
ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ
ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍﻭ
ﻡﹼﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ .
.5 ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺘﺒ
ﺕﺎﺠﺎﻴﺘﺤﺍ ﻕﺍﻭﺴﻷﺍ
ﻥﻤ ﻊﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﻤﻝﺍ
ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﺘ
ﻕﺍﻭﺫﺄﺒ ﺕﻼﻴﻀﻔﺘﻭ ﻥﻴﻜﻠﻬﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ
ﺔﺠﺭﺩﺒ ﺭﺒﻜﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺂﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍ
،ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﻨ ﺍﺭﻅ لﺎﺼﺘﻼﻝ ﻲﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ
ﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ
ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻬﺒﺎﺤﺼﺃ ﺀﻼﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ
. ﻡﹺﻬﺴﹸﺘﺎﻤﻜ ﻲﻓ
ﻁﻴﺸﻨﺘ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﺜﻜ
لﻤﻌﻝﺍ .
.6 ﺩﻌﺘ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ
ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺌﺒﻌﺘ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺨﺩﻤﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻭ
ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍ
،ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ
ﻙﻝﺫﺒﻭ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﺍﺭﺩﺼﻤ
ﺎﻤﺎﻫ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻠﻝ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺴﺃﺭﻝﺍ
ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤﻠﻝﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ
ﺭﺒﺘﺨﻤﻭ ﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝ
ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻨﺼﻭ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ
.
.7 ﺏﻌﻠﺘ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ
ﺎﻤﺎﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻋﺩ ﺕﺂﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ
ﻥﻤ لﻼﺨ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤ ﺎﻫﺩﺍﺩﻤﺇﻭ
ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻠﺘﺴﻤﺒ
،ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ
لﻼﺨ ﻊﻴﻨﺼﺘ ﺽﻌﺒ
ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻨﻭﻜﻤ ﺀﺍﺭﺠﺇﻭ
ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ
ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﻤ
ﺭﻴﻏ ﻱﺯﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ
ﺎﻫﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘ ﺔﻁﺴﺍﻭﺒ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ
ﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ . ﻙﻝﺫﺒﻭ ﹸﺘ ﻡﹺﻬﺴ ﺕﺂﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ
ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﻋﺩﺘ
ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﻙﺒﺎﺸﺘﻝﺍ
ﻲﻋﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻲﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ
.
.8 ﻡﹺﻬﺴﹸﺘ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﻊﻴﻭﻨﺘ لﻜﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ
لﻼﺨ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻁﺎﺸﻨ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ
،ﺔﻨﻴﺎﺒﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻤﻜ
ﺩﻋﺎﺴﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ لﻜﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﻲﻗﻭﺴﻝﺍ
ﻥﻤ لﻼﺨ ﻑﻴﻔﺨﺘ ﺓﺩﺤ
ﺯﹼﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯﻭ
ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ
ﺕﺍﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﺍ
ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹ
،ﺔﻴﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﹰﻠﻀﻓ
ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﻥﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻤ
ﺩﻋﺎﺴﻴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻴﻔﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ
ﺓﺩﺤ
ﺯﻜﺭﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺍﺭﻤﻌﻝﺍ
ﺭﻀﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺌﺍﺯﻝﺍ
ﻡﺼﺍﻭﻌﻝ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ
ﺎﻬﻨﺩﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ .
:ﺎﻴﻨﺎﺜ . ﻯﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃﻭ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ
ﻴﺤ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻨﺎﻤﺜﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺘﻓ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﺍﺩﺒ ﻥﻭﺭﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻜﺃ ﺙ
لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ﻱﺃ ـ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ لﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﻴﺭﺎﺸﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﻴﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜﻷﺍﻭ
،ﺡﺎﺒﺭﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻘﻘﺤﺘ ﺎﻤﻝ ﺎﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺍﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ـ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺕﺭﻬﻅ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﻰﻓﻭ
ﺍ ﻕﻘﺤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ ﺵﻗﺎﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺸﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺤﺒﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻝ
ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﺘ ﻻ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺇ ﻥﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻠﻝ ﺔﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ لﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ
16
ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻪﻜﻠﺘﻤﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﻡﻜﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺎﻫﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ﻁﻘﻓ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺼﻷﺍ .
10
ﻭ ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭﻝ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ لﻭﺼﻷﺎﻜ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻴﺸﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺩﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻱ
ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ لﻭﺼﻷﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺼﻷﺍ ،ﻲﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ،ﺔﻴﻭﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﺩﺠﻨ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ﻑﻴﺭﺎﻌﺘ ﻡﻫﺃ
11 :
) ﺕﺭﺍﻭﻴﺘﺴ ﺱﺎﻤﻭﺘ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ T. Stewart
ﻨﺄﺒ ﻪﻓﺭﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ( ، ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ، ﺔﻴﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻪ
. ﺓﻭﺭﺜﻝﺍ ﺊﺸﻨﺘﻝ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻌﻀﻭ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺒﺨﻝﺍ ، ﺔﻴﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻜﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺴﻨﻴﻓﺩﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ )
Edvinsson ،ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺒﺨﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻤﺎﻀﻤ ﻭﻫ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ (
ﻭ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺌﺎﺒﺯﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ .ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺍ
ﻪﻨﺄﺒ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ”
ﺎﻤﻴﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﻴ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﻯﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺯﺠ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻭﻫ
ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻻﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺇ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﻬﻨﻜﻤﺘ ، ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﻪﻜﻠﻤﻴ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﺘ ﻰﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﻴﺩﻗ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﻭﺃ –
ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻝﺍ لﻭﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﺘﺴﺇ ﺍﺫﺍ –
ﻊﻴﺴﻭﺘ ﻥﻤ
ﺓﺄﺸﻨ لﻭﺤ لﻴﺼﺎﻔﺘﻠﻝ 10
ﺔﻤﻁﺎـﻓ :ﻊﺠﺍﺭ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ﻰﻠﻋ
،ﺔﻌﺒﺎﺒﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤ
ﺱﺃﺭ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ
ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ
: ﺝﺫﻭﻤﻨ ﺡﺭﺘﻘﻤ
ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻠﻝ ﺔﻠﺠﻤ،ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍﻭ
ﺩﻠﺠﻤﻝﺍ،ﺔﻀﻬﻨﻝﺍ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ
ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ،ﺭﺸﻋ لﻭﻻﺍ
،
ﺔــﻴﻠﻜ ﺩﺎـﺼﺘـﻗﻻﺍ
ﻭ ﻡﻭـﻠﻌـﻝﺍ ﺔـﻴـﺴﺎﻴـﺴﻝﺍ
ﺔـﻌــﻤﺎﺠ ﺓﺭـــﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ
،
،ﺭﺼـﻤ ﺭﻴﺎﻨﻴ
: ﻲﻓ ﺡﺎﺘﻤ،2012
hCp://www.feps.edu.eg/en/publicaEons/nahda/vol13/issue1/fatma.pdf ﺹ،
ﺹ
-5 9 ﻡﻼﺴ 11
ﺩﺒﻋ ﺓﻭﻬﺴﻭﺒ،ﻕﺍﺯﺭﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ،ﺭﻴﺫﻨ
ﺱﺃﺭ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻠﻝ
ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ
ﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻰﻘﺘﻠﻤ،ﺔﻁ
ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ: ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ
ﺔﻘﻓﺍﺭﻤﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ
ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ
ﻲﻓ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ
ﻱﺩﺼﺎﻗ ﺡﺎﺒﺭﻤ
ﺔﻴﻠﻜ،ﺔﻠﻗﺭﻭ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍﻭ
ﻡﻭﻠﻋﻭ ،ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ 18
لﻴﺭﻓﺃ 19 ﺹ ،2012
4
17
ﻻﻭ . ﺔﺒﺴﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﻨﺘﻗﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻊﻗﻭﻤ ﻰﻓ ﺎﻬﻠﻌﺠﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻭﻗ ﻁﺎﻘﻨ ﻡﻴﻅﻌﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻗﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺼﺤ ﻩﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻯﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻓ ﻯﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ﺯﻜﺭﺘﻴ ”
.
12
ﻠﺘﻤﻴ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﺨﺸﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺒﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜ
ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻬﺴﻹﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ؛ﺎﻬﺒ ﻥﻭﻠﻤﻌﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻬﺴﻹﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻬﻨﻜﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺯﺠﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻩﺭﺴﺄﺒ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍﻭ لﺒ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤ
13 .
ﻥﺃ ﺱﺃﺭ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ
ﻥﻋ ﺓﻭﻔﺼ ﻥﻴﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ
ﻥﻭﻜﻠﺘﻤﻴ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻗ
ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻋ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤﻭ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ
ﺍﻭﻨﻭﻜﻴ
ﻥﻴﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻉﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍ ﺎﺘﻨﺇﻭ
ﺝ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻅﻓﺎﺤﻤﻝﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻊﻀﻭ ﺔﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ
،ﻲﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯﻭ
،ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﺇ لﻴﻠﻘﺘﻭ
،ﻑﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻌﺘﻭ
ﻁﺎﻘﻨ ﻩﻭﻘﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ
،ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻻﻭ
ﻁﺭﺘﺸﻴ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ
ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜﺃ ﻲﻓ
ﺱﺃﺭ
لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﻻﻭ
ﺩﺩﺤﺘﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺃ
ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻥﻴﻋﺎﺴ ﻥﻤ
لﻼﺨ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺹﺎﻨﺘﻗﻻ ﺹﺭﻔﻝﺍ
ﺔﻅﻓﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍﻭ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﻼﻤﻌﻝﺍ
14.
ﺢﻝﺎﺼ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ .ﺃ ، ﻰﺠﺭﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺵﻭﺤﺭﺤ لﺩﺎﻋ 12
” ﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃﻭ ﻪﺴﺎﻴﻗ ﻕﺭﻁ : ﻯﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ﺔﻅﻓﺎﺤ
ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ” ، ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ، ﺹ ، 2003
.18 ﺩﻨﻋ ﻪﻴﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺸﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺢﻴﻭﺸ
، ﺱﺃﺭﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ
ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ :ﻲﻓ ﺡﺎﺘﻤ،
hCp://www.chouihmohamed.com/?p=90
ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻪﺌﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺃ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺍﺭ ، ﻥﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﺩﻤﺤﺍ ﻥﺒ ﻥﺎﻤﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ 13
ﻪﺌﻔﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ
، ﻩﺯﻴﻤﻤﻝﺍ : ﻲﻓ ﺡﺎﺘﻤ ، ﻩ 1427
hCp://abufara.net/index.php/2012-10-21-10-56-42/2012-10-21-10-57-16/33- 2013-07-21-15-36-02/8-0000056
ﺡﻼﺼ 14
ﻱﺩﺎﻫ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍ،ﻲﻨﻴﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ
ﺎﻫﺭﺜﺃﻭ ﻲﻓ
ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ
ﹰﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ
ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴﻤ ﻲﻓ
ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ
ﻲﻓ ﺔﻅﻓﺎﺤﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﺼﺎﻨﻝﺍ
/
،ﻕﺍﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭ
ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ ﺔﻴﻠﻜ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ
ﻲﻓ
ﺔﻴﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜﺃﻻﺇ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ
ﻲﻓ ﻙﺭﺎﻤﻨﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ
ﺀﺯﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤ لﻴﻨ
ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤﻝﺍ
ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇ
،لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺹ،2009
34
18
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻜﺭ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻬﻨﻤﻓ ﻪﻔﻴﺼﻭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺎﺒﺘﻝﺍ ﻅﺤﻼﻨ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭﻝ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴ ﻑﻴﺭﺎﻌﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺩﻘﺘ ﺎﻤ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤﻭ لﺎﻤﻋﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﻓﺎﺤﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻜﺭ ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻭ ،ﻉﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻜﺭ ﺭﺨﻷﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻴﺩﺠ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﺩﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻜﺃ ﻊﺒﺍﺭﻭ ،ﺓﺩﺌﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﻭﺠﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺹﺎﻨﺘﻗﺍﻭ ﻩﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﻘﻨ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻅﺎﻌﺘ ﺓﺩ
:ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺘﺸﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﺒ ﻑﻴﺭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻜﺭﺘﺸﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺹﺭﻔﻝﺍ 15
-1 .ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﻼﻫﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺏﺨﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ
-2 لﻴﺩﺒ ﺩﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺩﺤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺏﻌﺼﻴ ﻪﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘ ﻩﺯﻴﻤ ﻥﻭﻠﺜﻤﻴ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﺨﺸﻷﺍ ﻡﻫ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ﻥﺃ
.ﻡﻬﻨﻋ -3 ﻥﻴﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﻴ .ﻡﻫﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻗ ﻥﻭﻜﻠﺘﻤﻴ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ
-4 ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻤﺭﻴ ﻷ
ﺔﻤﻴﺩﻗ ﺭﺎﻜﻓ ﻊﻀﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻅﻓﺎﺤﻤﻝﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﺘ ﻥﺇ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ
ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ .
-5 ﺔﻴﻗﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﺤﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺴﻭﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻰﻌﺴﻴ ﺓﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﻘﻨ ﻡﻴﻅﻌﺘﻭ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻠﻝ
.
-6 ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘ ﺭﺎﻌﺴﺄﺒ ﻊﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇﻭ ﻑﻴﻝﺎﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺽﻔﺨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﻭﻘﻴ .ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﺇ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘ ﻊﻤ
-7 ﻭ ﻡﻬﺌﻻﻭ ﺯﻴﺯﻌﺘﻭ ﺀﻼﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺫﺠﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﺩﻘﻝﺃ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﻭﻘﻴ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺇ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺯﻜﺭﺘﻴ ﻻ
.ﻩﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻥﻴﻌﻤ
-8 ﻥﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜﺃ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ ﺭﻓﺍﻭﺘ ﻁﺭﺘﺸﻴ ﻻ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺩﺤﺘﻴ ﻻﻭ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ
ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻲﻔﻴﻅﻭ .
ﻤ ﺔﻴﺃ ﻥﻜﻝ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭﻓ ﺭﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻘﺘﻴ ﺩﻗ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ﺔﻴﺒﺩﺍ لﻭﻴﻤ لﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺤﻷ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺩﻘﻓ ؟ﺔﻓﺭﻌ
ﻡﺩﻘﺘ ﻻ ﻊﻨﺼﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋ ﺩﺤﻷ ﺔﻴﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﻫﻭﻤﻝﺎﻓ .ﺩﻴﻔﺘ ﻻ ﺩﻗ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ، ﺔﺼﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻭﺃ لﺠﺯﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺒﺩﻝﺍ لﻭﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺫ لﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺎﻓ، ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤﻠﻝ ﺓﺩﻴﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭﻓ .ﺀﻼﻤﻌﻠﻝ ﻻﻭﻠﺤ
ﺹ، ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ 15
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ﻴ لﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻤ ﺢﺒﺼﺘ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻊﺒﻁﻝﺎﺒ .ﺎﻴﺭﺸﺒ ﻻﺎﻤﺴﺃﺭ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻼﺜﻤ ﺭﺸﻨ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻓ لﻤﻌ
ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻋ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﺕﺍﺫ .
ﺭﻭﺜﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺘ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻻﺇ لﺎﻤ ﺱﺃﺭ ﺢﺒﺼﺘ ﻻ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺎﻓ، ﺎﻬﻔﻴﻅﻭﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭﻓ ﺍﺫﺍ ﺔﻌﺌﺍﺭ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ ﻊﻨﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋ ﺩﺤﺃ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺩﻘﻓ .ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝ ﺎﻬﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ﺎﻬﻔﻴﻅﻭﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ لﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻫﺫ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺕﻴﻘﺒ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺓﺩﺌﺎﻓ ﺓﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﺢﺒﺼﻴ ﻻ ﻥﻜﻝ ،ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻥﻴﺴﺤﺘﻝ ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺯﻴﺤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺝﺭﺨﺘ ﻡﻝﻭ
ﻪﻘﻴﺭﻁ ﺩﺠﻴ ﻻ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭﻓ .ﻕﻴﺒﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﻭﻤ ﺎﻬﻌﻀﻭ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﺔﻴﺃ ﺀﺍﺭﻭ ﻥﻤ لﺌﺎﻁ ﻼﻓ .ﺭﺩﻬﻤﻭ ﻥﻭﻓﺩﻤ لﺎﻤ ﺱﺃﺭ ﺔﺒﺎﺜﻤﺒ ﻭﻫ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘﻠﻝ ﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍ ﺭﺩﺠﺘ ﻭ ﻰ
ﺱﺃﺭﻜ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﺎﻬﻝﻭﺍﺩﺘﺘ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭﻝ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﻤﺴﺘ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ
ﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺃ ﻱﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﺎﻬﻠﺒﺎﻘﻴ ﺕﺎﻴﻤﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻜﻭ . ﺦﻝﺍ ... ﺱﻭﻤﻠﻤﻼﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭﻭ ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ل
:ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﻨﺜﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻴﺭﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻨﻜﻤﻴﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻠﺒﺎﻘﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ لﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ
ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ
ﻥﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ
ﻱﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ
ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺓﺯﻴﻤﻝﺍ
ﺱﻭﻤﻠﻤ ﻱﺩﺎﻤ ﻱﺩﺎﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ
- ﻱﺭﻴﺜﺃ -
ﺭﻴﻏ
ﺱﻭﻤﻠﻤ
ﺩﺠﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﻭﻤ
ﺔﻜﺭﺸﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ لﻭﻘﻋ ﻲﻓ
ﺔﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ
ﻲﺠﺫﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ لﻴﺜﻤﺘﻝﺍ
ﻲﻨﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ، ﺓﺩﻌﻤﻝﺍ ، ﺔﻝﻵﺍ
ﺕﺍﺭﺒﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﺫ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ
ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺜﺩﻨﻹﺎﺒ ﺔﺼﻗﺎﻨﺘﻤ
ﺯﺘﻤ
ﺭﺎﻜﺘﺒﻹﺎﺒ ﺓﺩﻴﺍ
ﺓﻭﺭﺜﻝﺍ ﻕﻠﺨ ﻁﻤﻨ
ﻱﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﻹﺎﺒ
ﻊﺴﺍﻭﻝﺍ لﺎﻴﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﻩﺎﺒﺘﻨﻹﺍﻭ ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺎﺒ
