traditional threats as well as transnational and non-military security threats.
The MND is expanding its cooperation with major multilateral security consultative bodies within the Asia-Pacific region and is participating actively in regional and international joint efforts to respond to various security threats. The major multilateral security consultative bodies in which the MND participates are shown in Table 4-1.
Visit by MND On-Site Investigation Team (Equatorial Guinea, September 2010) ROK-Kazakhstan MOU on Defense Cooperation (Seoul, September 2010)
The 3rd session of the Northeast Asia Peace and Security Mechanism Working Group (NEAPSM), one of the five working groups within the 6L[3DUW\7DONVIUDPHZRUNZDVKHOGLQ0RVFRZLQ)HEUXDU\DWWKLV meeting, views were exchanged in order to draft the Basic Principles on Northeast Asian Peace and Security. The 21st Northeast Asia Cooperation Dialogue (NEACD) was held in Seoul in October 2010, during which Northeast Asian security trends were discussed, views were shared regarding military training in Northeast Asia, as well as the prevention and management of maritime accidents in Northeast Asia.
The ROK Government is increasing its level of participation in the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), which is becoming the major multilateral VHFXULW\FRQVXOWDWLYHERG\LQWKH$VLD3DFL¿F5HJLRQ,QOLQHZLWKWKLVWKH MND has been strengthening its role, jointly hosting the meeting of the
$5),QWHUVHVVLRQDO6XSSRUW*URXSRQ&RQ¿GHQFH%XLOGLQJ0HDVXUHVDQG Preventive Diplomacy with the Singaporean Ministry of Defense in April LQ6HRXODQGLQ0DUFKKRVWLQJWKH$5)3.2([SHUWV0HHWLQJ in Bangkok, jointly with the Thai Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Every year the MND participates in the Tokyo Defense Forum (TDF), an
$VLD3DFL¿FUHJLRQGLUHFWRUJHQHUDOOHYHOVHFXULW\FRQVXOWDWLYHERG\LQDQ HIIRUWWRSURPRWHPLOLWDU\FRQ¿GHQFHDQGFRRSHUDWLRQDPRQJWKHFRXQWULHV in the region.
,Q-XQHWKHth IISS Asia Security Summit, jointly sponsored by the Singaporean Government and the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) of the UK, was held in Singapore. The Minister of National 'HIHQVHLQWURGXFHGLQGHWDLO.RUHDVHIIRUWVWRZDUG$VLD3DFL¿FUHJLRQDO security cooperation through the presentation at the plenary session, titled
13. Northeast Asia Cooperation Dialogue (NEACD)
Consultative body in which the members exchange views on Northeast Asian security issues and discuss means of building confidence.
Inter-governmental Semi-governmental, non-governmental
· Northeast Asia Peace and Security Mechanism Working Group (NEAPSM W/G) within the Six Party Talks framework
· ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF)
· Tokyo Defense Forum (TDF)
· ASEAN Defense Ministers' Meeting Plus (ADMM-Plus)
· Northeast Asia Cooperation Dialogue (NEACD)13
· Asia Security Summit (The IISS Shangri-la Dialogue)
Table 4-1. Multilateral Security Consultative Bodies in the Asia-Pacific in which the MND Participates
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'Alliances and Partnership in Asia-Pacific Security.' In this speech, he also stressed the importance of constructing partnerships at the regional and international levels. Also, during bilateral talks (with 11 nations) and luncheon discussion sessions, the Minister of National Defense detailed the findings of the investigation into the attack on the ROKS Cheonan and the ROK Government's intended response, and requested support and cooperation from the participant nations.
In October 2010, the ASEAN Defense Ministers' Meeting Plus (ADMM-Plus), in which defense ministers from 18 nations participated, was held for WKH¿UVWWLPHLQ9LHWQDP7KH0HHWLQJZDVYHU\VLJQL¿FDQWLQWKDWLWZDVWKH
¿UVWVXFKERG\FRPSULVHGRIGHIHQVHPLQLVWHUVLQWKH$VLD3DFL¿FUHJLRQ,W is expected to take root as a forum for regular discussions about common security interests within the region. The participant nations have first of all agreed to cooperate in five areas in the future, namely humanitarian assistance and disaster relief, maritime security, military medical support, counter-terrorism, and peacekeeping operations. ADMM-Plus should not only remain as a means of discussing joint responses to transnational and non-military security threats but should also develop into a mechanism for multilateral security cooperation within the region so that traditional security issues, such as the Cheonan incident, can be discussed.
Minister Kim's Presentation at Plenary Session, Asia Security Summit (Singapore, June 2010)
Recently, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) established the principle of 'expansion of cooperation between NATO and non-member states' and designated the ROK, Japan, Australia and New Zealand as non-member states to cooperate with (contact countries). The ROK Government also recognizes the importance of cooperation with NATO in light of steadily increasing transnational and non-military threats, such as energy security, proliferation of WMDs, terror and cyber attacks.
Moreover, the MND is first pursuing cooperation in areas that are less EXUGHQVRPHIURPDPLOLWDU\DQG¿VFDOSHUVSHFWLYHDQGHDVLHUWRLPSOHPHQW taking into account the uniqueness of the security situation. It is focusing on personal exchanges while gradually increasing the scope of its participation in various educational programs and relevant personnel within NATO.
,Q'HFHPEHUWKH52.HQWHUHGLQWRWKH.RUHD1$726HFXULW\RI Military Information Agreement in relation to the dispatch of the Provincial Reconstruction Team (protective unit) to Afghanistan. With the ROK's participation in the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), we expect that cooperative relations with NATO will strengthen even further in the future.
| International arms reductionⰒNon-proliferation activities |
The international community is strengthening its control towards countering the proliferation of WMDs and delivery vehicles through the existing non-proliferation regimes, such as international organizations and regulations.It is also pursuing the establishment of new international norms, such DV816HFXULW\&RXQFLO5HVROXWLRQDQGRWKHUV7KHLQWHUQDWLRQDO community is also continuing its efforts against the proliferation of conventional weapons and has reinforced export control so that small arms and strategic items or commodities14 related to defense are not used to threaten international peace and safety. The ROK Government has participated actively in the international community's arms reduction and QRQSUROLIHUDWLRQUHJLPHVVLQFHMRLQLQJWKH8QLWHG1DWLRQVLQ7KH extent of its participation is shown in Table 4-2.
14. Strategic Items or Commodities This refers to not only WMDs, conventional weapons and transport systems, but to goods, software and technology in general that can be used in their development and manufacture.
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NBC Anti-terrorist demonstration (Nuclear, Biological, Chemical Defense Command, May 2010)
Maritime interdiction exercises (Busan, October 2010)
:LWKWKHGHFODUDWLRQRILWVRI¿FLDOSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQWKH36,LPPHGLDWHO\
IROORZLQJ 1RUWK .RUHDV VHFRQG QXFOHDU WHVW LQ 0D\ WKH 52.
Government has started to actively participate in international non-proliferation efforts.
In order to support the government's PSI activities, the MND participates in the Operational Experts Group (OEG) meeting, workshops, and maritime interdiction exercises. In October 2010, Korea sponsored maritime interdiction exercises in which Korean, U.S., Japanese and Australian naval vessels and aircraft participated and a PSI seminar with 14 nations in Busan and the nearby seas.
The MND has participated in the ROK Government's preparations for the NPT in 2010, thereby showing the international community the seriousness of the North Korean nuclear issue and reaffirming the principle of non-recognition regarding North Korean nuclear arms.
Also, every year since 2005, the MND, jointly with the Organization for Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), has held OPCW International Assistance and Protection Courses designed to convey techniques to be used in the event of chemical accidents or terror to Asian member states.
Classification Joining Date
Nuclear Disarmament/
Non-proliferation
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Aug. 1957.
Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT) Apr. 1975.
Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) Sep. 1999.
Biological/
Chemical Weapons Disarmament/
Non-proliferation
Biological Weapon Convention (BWC) Jun. 1987.
Chemical Weapon Convention (CWC) Apr. 1997.
Missile Non-proliferation
Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) Mar. 2001 Hague Code of Conduct against Ballistic Missile
Proliferation (HCOC) Nov. 2002.
Conventional Weapons
UN Register of Conventional Arms (UNRCA) Mar. 1993.
Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons
(CCW) May 2001.
Multilateral Export Control Regimes
Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) Oct. 1995.
Zangger Committee (ZC) Oct. 1995.
Wassenaar Arrangements (WA) Jul. 1996.
Australia Group (AG) Oct. 1996.
UN and Other Activities.
UN General Assembly 1st Committee/
UN Disarmament Commission (UNDC) Sep. 1991
Conference on Disarmament (CD) Jun. 1996.
Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation
Security Initiative (PSI) May 2009.
Table 4-2. ROK's Participation in International Arms Reduction and Non-proliferation Activities
The MND also takes part in international arms reduction discussions regarding conventional weapons. In order to implement the CCW Protocol Ⳗ under the CCW, which the ROK joined in January 2008, the MND enacted DGLUHFWLYHLQ-XO\DFWLYHO\SDUWLFLSDWLQJLQLQWHUQDWLRQDOHIIRUWVWR minimize civilian losses and damages caused by explosive remnants of past wars.
To prevent civilian damages and losses, the international community has completely forbidden the use of cluster bombs through the signing of the Convention on Cluster Munitions (CCM) in December 2008. However, it would be problematic for the ROK to enter into this convention until the military threat from North Korea has been completely eliminated, because the convention, focused only on the humanitarian perspective, states that all cluster bombs currently in possession also be completely disposed of, in addition to prohibiting their production, use, storage and transfer. Instead, the ROK actively participates in discussions to restrict cluster bombs under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW), in which the humanitarian perspective is balanced with military effectiveness.
4. Constructing International Logistics Cooperation Systems
The MND is strengthening its international logistics cooperation in RUGHUWRHQVXUHVWDEOHORJLVWLFVVXSSRUWWKURXJKHI¿FLHQWXVHRIWKHORJLVWLFV support capabilities of its allies and friendly nations.
| Logistics cooperation with the U.S. |
The MND is strengthening its mutually reciprocal logistics cooperative ties with the U.S. in step with the changes in the security environment surrounding the Korean Peninsula.It took over the United States' 'War Reserve Stocks for Allies' (WRSA) in December 2008, and to ensure speedy redeployment of U.S. military reinforcements in contingencies. It is also preparing a Memorandum of Agreement on Wartime Host Nation Support in Korea (WHNS).
The ROK and the U.S. are jointly pursuing ammunition demilitarization15 programs for disposal of ammunition subject to demilitarization in an eco-friendly manner. One relevant facility is the incinerator, which was completely constructed in December 2007 and is currently in operation;
another is the melt-out system,16ZKLFKZDVFRPSOHWHO\FRQVWUXFWHGLQ
15. Demilitarization
Demilitarization refers to measures that prevent equipment and supplies being used for their original military purpose, such as amputation, destruction, modification or defacement such that their original shape is altered or military markings are removed; disposal and removal of ammunitions is the most common example of demilitarization.
16. Melt-out system
A warhead is put into a smelting furnace after being separated from the propellant in mid- and large-size caliber bullets and, at 90 degrees centigrade, the melted gunpowder is collected.
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To procure equipment and repair parts from the U.S. in a prompt manner, the MND and the U.S. DoD held a senior-level procurement promotion PHHWLQJIRUWKH¿UVWWLPHLQ0DUFK8QWLOWKLVWLPHPHHWLQJVUHODWHG to procurement between the ROK and the U.S. were limited to improving the procurement systems for particular items at the level of the Defense Acquisition Program Administration and each Service. At this meeting, however, the two nations settled on means of improving the procurement of Foreign Military Sales (FMS) as well as commercial purchase items, so as to span all procurement items. Furthermore, they discussed the necessity of introducing a speedy private enterprise procurement system. In particular, the two nations will continue efforts toward shortening the time required for the procurements originating from the United States.