• Keine Ergebnisse gefunden

AINSWORTH, D. (1999):

Rhodococcus equi infections in foals.

Equine Vet. Educ., 11, 191-198

ALTHAUS, O.P. (2004):

Sonographie der Lunge: Eine Hilfe zur Früherkennung der Rhodococcus equi-Pneumonie beim Fohlen.

Hannover, Tierärztl. Hochschule, Diss.

ANDERSEN, C.S., J. DIETRICH, E.M. AGGER, N.Y. LYCKE, K. LOVGREN u. P.

ANDERSEN (2007):

The combined CTA1-DD/ISCOMs vector is an effective intranasal adjuvans for boosting prior BCG immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Infect. Immun., 75, 408-416

ANZAI, T., R. WADA, A. NAKANISHI, M. KAMADA, S. TAKAI, Y. SHINDO u. S.

TSUBAKI (1997):

Comparison of tracheal aspiration with other tests for diagnosis of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals.

Vet. Microbiol., 56, 335-345

ARDANS, A.A., S.K. HIETALA, M.S. SPENSLEY u. A. SANSOME (1986):

Studies of naturally occuring and experimental Rhodococcus equi (Corynebacterium equi) pneumonia in foals.

In: Proceedings, 32 Ann. Meet Am. Ass. Equine Pract., 129-144

BARTON, M.D. u. K.L. HUGHES (1980):

Corynebacterium equi: A review.

Vet. Bull., 50, 65-80

Comparison of three techniques for isolation of Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi from contaminated sources.

J. Clin. Microbiol., 13, 219-221

BARTON, M.D. u. K.L. HUGHES (1984):

Ecology of Rhodococcus equi.

Vet. Microbiol., 9, 65-76

BARTON, M.D. u. D.H. EMBURY (1987):

Studies of the pathogenesis in Rhodococcus equi infections in foals.

Aust. Vet. J., 64, 332-339

BECÙ, T., G. POLLEDO u. J.M. GASKIN (1997):

Immunprophylaxis of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals.

Vet. Microbiol., 56, 193-204

BOWLES, P. M., J. B. WOOLCOCK und M. D. MUTIMER (1987):

Experimental infection of mice with Rhodococcus equi: Differences in virulence between strains.

Vet. Microbiol., 14, 259 - 268

BYRNE, B., J. F. PRESCOTT, G. H. PALMER, S. TAKAI, V. M. NICHOLSON, D. C. ALPERIN und S. A. HINES (2001) :

Virulence plasmid of Rhodococcus equi contains inducible gene family encoding secreted proteins.

Infect. Immun., 69, 650 - 656

CARMAN, M.G. u. R.T. HODGES (1987):

Distribution of Rhodococcus equi in animals, birds and from the environment.

N. Z. Vet. J., 35, 114-115

Extrapulmonary disorders assosiated with Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals:

Retrospective study of 61 cases (1988-1996).

Proc. Am. Assoc. Equine Pract., 43, 79-80

CHAFFIN, M.K., N.D. COHEN u. R.J. MARTENS (2003):

Evaluation of equine breeding farm management and preventative health practices as risk factors for development of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals.

J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 222, 476-485

CHAFFIN, M.K., N.D. COHEN, R.J. MARTENS, R.F. EDWARDS, M NEVILL u. R.

SMITH (2004):

Hematologic and immunophenotypic factors associated with development of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals at equine breeding farms with endemic infection.

Vet. Immunol. Immunpathol., 100, 33-48

CHIRINO-TREJO, J.M., J.F. PRESCOTT u. J. A. YAGER (1987):

Protection of foals against experimental Rhodococcus equi pneumonia by oral immunization.

Can. J. Vet. Res., 51, 444-447

COHEN, N.D., M.K. CHAFFIN u. R.J. MARTENS (2000):

Control and prevention of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals.

Compend. Contin. Educ. Pract. Vet., 22, 1062-1070

COHEN, N.D., M.K. CHAFFIN u. R.J. MARTENS (2002):

How to prevent and controll pneumonia by Rhodococcus equi at affected farms.

Proc. Am. Assoc. Equine Pract., 48, 295-299

COHEN, N.D., M.S. O`CONOR, M.K. CHAFFIN u. R.J. MARTENS (2005):

Farm characteristics and management practices associated with development of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals.

J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 226, 404-413

MOSSER (2000):

Cooperation between reaktive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates in killing of Rhodococcus equi by activated macrophages.

Infect. Immun., 68, 3587-3593

DAVILA, E u. E. CELIS (2000):

Repeated administration of cytosin-phosphorothiolated guanine-containing oligonukleotides together with peptid/protein immunization results in enhanced CTL responses with anti-tumor activity.

J. Immunol., 165, 539-547

ELLENBERGER, M.A. u. R.M. GENETZKY (1986):

Rhodococcus equi infections: literature review.

Compend. Contin. Educ. Practic. Vet., 8, 414-423

FALCON, J., B.P. SMITH, T. R. O´BRIEN, G.P. CARLSON u. E. BIBERSTEIN (1985):

Clinical and radiographic findings in Corynebacterium equi pneumonia of foals.

J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 186, 593-599

FERNANDEZ, A.S., J.F. PRESCOTT u. V.M. NICHOLSON (1997):

Protective effect against Rhodococcus equi infection in mice of IgG purified from horses vaccinated with virulence associated protein (VapA)-enriched antigens.

Vet. Microbiol., 56, 187-192

FLOCK, M., K. JACOBSSON, L. FRYKBERG, T.R. HIRST, A. FRANKLIN, B. GUSS u. J.I. FLOCK (2004):

Recombination Streptococcus equi proteins protect mice in challenge experiments and induce immune response in horses.

Infect. Immun., 72, 3228-3236

Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of Rhodococcus equi infections in foals.

Vet. Microbiol., 56, 313-334

GIGUÈRE S., B.N. WILKIE u. J.F. PRESCOTT (1999):

Modulation of cytokine response of pneumonic foals by virulent Rhodococcus equi.

Infect. Immun., 67, 5041-5047

GIGUÈRE S. (2001):

Rhodococcus equi pneumonia.

Am. Assoc. Equine Pract., 47, 456-467

GIGUÈRE S., J. HERNANDEZ, J. GASKIN, C. MILLER u. J.L. BOWMANN (2003):

Evaluation of white blood cell concentration, plasma fibrinogen concentration and an agar gel immundiffusion test for early identification of foals with Rhodococcus equi pneumonia.

J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 222, 775-781

GIGUÈRE S. u. A.C. POLKES (2005):

Immunlogic disorders in neonatal foals.

Vet. Clin. Equine, 21, 241-272

GRAEVENITZ, VON, A. u. V. PÜNTER-STREIT (1995):

Development of a new selective plating medium for Rhodococcus equi.

Microbiol. Immunol., 39, 283-284

GRAVERT, I (2006):

Zur Entwicklung von früherkannten Lungenabszessen beim Fohlen ohne Behandlung.

Hannover, Tierärztl. Hochschule, Diss.

Behavioral responses to two intranasal vaccine applicators in horses and ponies.

J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 226, 1689-1693

GU, M., P.M. HINES, W. JAMES JACKSON, L. GIRI u. G.S. NABORS (2007):

Increased potency of BioThrax ((R)) anthrax vaccine with the addition of the C-class CpG oligonucleotide adjuvant CPG 10109.

Vaccine., 25, 526-534

HAECKER, G., V. REDECKE u. H. HAECKER (2002):

Activation of the immune system by bacterial CpG-DNA.

Immunol., 105, 245-251

HAGHIGHI, H.R. u. J.F. PRESCOTT (2005):

Assessment in mice of VapA-DNA vaccination against Rhodococcus equi infection.

Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 104, 215-255

HARAKAWA, T. u. S. MORITA (1949):

Observation on Corynebacterium equi isolated from abscesses occurring in the lungs of foals.

Jpn. J. Vet. Sci., 11, 63-74

HEYERS, P (2005):

Vergleich des Nachweises von Rhodococcus equi durch mikrobiologische Kultur mit dem Nachweis durch die Polymerase-chain-reaction in endoskopisch entnommenem Tracheobronchialsekret bei Fohlen.

Hannover, Tierärztl. Hochschule, Diss.

HIETALA, S.K. u. A.A. ARDANS (1987):

Interaction of Rhodococcus equi with phagozytic cells from Rhodococcus equi exposed and non-exposed foals.

Vet. Microbiol., 14, 307-320

Review of Corynebacterium (Rhodococcus) equi lung abscesses in foals:

Pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment.

Vet. Rec., 119, 261-264

HILLIDGE, C.J. (1987):

Use of Erythromycin-Rifampicin combination in treatment of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia.

Vet. Microbiol., 14, 337-342

HINES, S.A., D.M. STONE, M.T. HINES, D.C. ALPERIN, D.P. KNOWLES, L.C.

NORTON, M.J. HAMILTON, W.C. DAVIS u T.C. McGUIRE (2003):

Clearance of virulent but not avirulent Rhodococcus equi from the lungs of adult horses is associated with intracytoplasmatic interferon production by CD4+ and CD8+ T-Lymphocytes.

Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol., 10, 208-215

HOFFMANN, A.M., L. VIEL, J.F. PRESCOTT, S. ROSENDAL u. J. THORSEN (1993):

Association of microbiological flora with clinical, endoscopic and pulmonary findings in foals with distal respiratory tract infection.

Am. J. Vet. Res., 54, 1615-1622

HONDALUS, M.K. u. D.M. MOSSER (1994):

Survival and replication of Rhodococcus equi in macrophages.

Infect. Immun., 62, 4167-4175

HONDALUS, M.K. (1997):

Pathogenesis and virulence of Rhodococcus equi.

Vet. Microbiol., 56, 257-268

Evaluation of equine immnuglobulin specific for Rhodococcus equi virulence-associated proteins A and C for use in protecting foals against Rhodococcus equi-induced pneumonia.

A. J. V. R., 62, 1307-1313

HOOPER-McGREVY, K.E., B.N. WILKIE u. J.F. PRESCOTT (2003):

Immunglobulin G subisotype reponses of pneumonic and healthy, exposed foals and adult horses to Rhodococcus equi virulence-associated proteins.

Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol., 10, 245-351

HOOPER-McGREVY, K.E., B.N. WILKIE u. J.F. PRESCOTT (2005):

Virulence-associated protein-specific serum immunglobulin G-isotype expression in young foals protected against Rhodococcus equi pneumonia by oral immunization with virulent Rhodococcus equi.

Vaccine, 23, 5760-5767

HUGHES, K.L. u. I. SULAIMAN (1987):

The ecology of Rhodococcus equi and physiochemical influence on growth.

Vet. Microbiol., 14, 241-250

HULLMANN, A.G. (2006):

Prophylaxe der Rhodococcus equi-Pneumonie bei Fohlen durch Vakzination mit Rhodococcus equi-Impfstoff und Adjuvans CpG XXXX.

Hannover, Tierärztl. Hochschule, Diss.

IOANNOU, X.P., S.M. GOMIS, B. KARVONEN, R. HECKER, L.A. BABUIK u. S. VAN DRUNEN LITTLE-VAN DEN HURK (2002a):

CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides, in combination with conventional adjuvants, enhance the magnitude and change the bias of the immune responses to a herpesvirus glycoprotein.

Vaccine, 21, 127-137

DRUNEN LITTLE-VAN DEN HURK (2002b):

The immunogenicity and protctive efficacy of bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein D plus Emulsigen are increased by formulation with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides.

J. Virol., 76, 9002-9010

JAIN, S., B.R. BLOOM u. M.K. HONDALUS (2003):

Deletion of VapA encoding Virulence Associated Protein A attenuates the intracellular actinomycete Rhodococcus equi.

Mol. Microbiol., 50, 115-128

JANEWAY, C.A., P. TRAVERS, M. WALPORT u. M.J. SHLOMCHIK (2002):

Immunologie.

Verlag Spektrum Akademischer Verlag Heidelberg, Berlin, Oxford, 5. Auflage

JIANG, Z.H. u. R.R. KOGANTY (2003):

Synthetic vaccines: the role of adjuvans in immune targeting.

Curr. Med. Chem., 10, 1423-1439

JIANG, W., H.J. BAKER u. B.F. SMITH (2003):

Mucosal immunization with Helicobacter, CpG DNA and Cholera Toxin is protective.

Infect. Immun., 71, 40-46

JOHNSON, J.A., J.F. PRESCOTT u. R.J.F. MARKHAM (1983):

The pathology of experimental Corynebacterium equi infection in foals following intrabronchial challenge.

Vet. Pathol., 20, 440-449

JORDAN, M. C., J. R. HARRINGTON, N. D. COHEN, R. M. TSOLIS, L. J.

DANGOTT, E. D. WEINBERG und R. J. MARTENS (2003):

Effects of iron modulation on growth and viability of Rhodococcus equi and expression of virulence-associated protein A.

Am. J. Vet. Res., 64, 1337 - 1346

E. RAZ, T. HAYASHI, K. TAKABAYASHI, Y. BARENHOLZ u. E. KEDAR (2002):

Liposomal immunostimulatory DNA sequences (ISS-ODN): An efficient parenteral and mucosal adjuvant for influenza and hepatitis B vaccines.

Vaccine, 20, 3342-3354

KAMSTRUP, S., D. VERTHELYI u. D.M. KLINMAN (2001):

Response of porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells to CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides.

Vet. Micobiol., 78, 353-362

KELLY, B.G., D. M. WALL, C. A. BOLAND und W. G. MEIJER (2002):

Isocitrat lyase of the facultative intracellular pathogen Rhodococus equi.

Microbiol., 148, 793 - 798

KNOTTENBELT, D.C. (1993):

Rhodococcus equi infection in foals: a report of an outbreak on a thoroughbred stud in Zimbabwe.

Vet. Rec., 132, 79-85

KRIEG, A.M., A.K. YI, S. MATSON, T.J. WALDSCHMIDT, G.A. BISHOP, R.

TEASDALE, G. KORETZKY u D. KLINMAN (1995):

CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation.

Nature, 374, 546-549

KRIEG, A.M., T. WU, R. WEERATNA, S.M. EFLER, L. LOVE-HOMAN, L.YANG, A.K.

YI, D. SHORT u H.L. DAVIS (1998a):

Sequence motifs in adenoviral DNA block immune activation by stimulatory CpG motifs.

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95, 12631-12636

KRIEG, A.M. (2002):

CpG motifs in bacterial DNA and their immune effects.

Ann. Rev. Immunol., 20, 709-760

LAMBERT, A.M. KRIEG u. C.-A. SIEGFRIST (1999) :

CpG oligodeoxynucleotides can circumvent the Th2 polarization of neonatal responses to vaccine but may fail to fully redirect Th2 responses established by neonatal priming.

J. Immunol., 162, 1611-1617

LAVOIE, J.P., I. FISET u. S. LAVERTY (1994) :

Review of 40 cases of lung abscesses in foals and adult horses.

Equine Vet. J., 26, 348-352

LEAVELL, S., B. WRIGHT, L. SCAPPINO, J. SIRRIYAH, C. CHEN, J.D. CLEMENTS u. M.J. BURKHARD (2005):

Induction of serum and mucosal FIV-specific immune responses by intranasal immunization with p24Gag.

Vaccine, 23, 1471-1478

LOPEZ, A.M., M.T. HINES, G.H. PALMER, D.C. ALPERIN u. S.A. HINES (2002):

Identification of pulmonary T-Lymphocyte and serum antibody isotype responses associated with protection against Rhodococcus equi.

Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol., 9, 1270-1276

LOPEZ, A.M., M.T. HINES, G.H. PALMER, D.P. KNOWLES, D.C. ALPERIN u. S.A.

HINES (2003):

Analysis of anamnestic immune responses in adult horses and priming in neonates induced by a DNA vaccine expressing the VapA gene of Rhodococcus equi.

Vaccine, 21, 3815-3825

LÜHRMANN, A., N. MAUDER, T. SYDOR, E. FERNANDEZ - MORA, J. SCHULZE - LUEHRMANN, S. TAKAI und A. HAAS (2004):

Necrotic death of Rhodococcus equi infected macrophages is regulated by virulence-associated plasmids.

Infect. Immun., 72, 853 - 862

Protection against naturally acquired Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals by administration of hyperimmune plasma.

J. Reprod. Fert., 44, Suppl., 571-578

MAGNUSSON, H. (1923):

Spezifische infektiöse Pneumonie beim Fohlen. Ein neuer Eitererreger beim Pferd.

Arch. Wiss. Prakt. Tierheilkd., 50, 22-38

MAKRAI, L., S. TAKAI, M. TAMURA, A. TSUKAMOTO, R. SEKIMOTO, Y. SASAKI, T. KAKUDA, S. TSUBAKI, J. VARGA, L. FODOR, N. SOLYMOSI und A. MAJOR (2002):

Characterization of virulence plasmid types in Rhodococcus equi isolates from foals, pigs, humans and soil in Hungary.

Vet. Microbiol., 88, 377 - 384

MARKUS, G. (2005):

Bestimmung der Immunglobulin G-Konzentration mittels Refraktrometrie, Kolostrometrie und ELISA-Technik sowie Untersuchung weiterer Inhaltsstoffe im Stutenkolostrum.

Hannover, Tierärztl. Hochschule, Diss.

MARTENS, R.J., R.A. FISKE u. H.W. RENSHAW (1982):

Experimental subacute foal pneumonia induced by aerosol administration of Corynebacterium equi.

Equine Vet. J., 14, 111-116

MARTENS, R.J., J.G. MARTENS, R.A. FISKE u. S.K. HIETALA (1989):

Rhodococcus equi foal pneumonia: Protective effects of immune plasma in experimentally infected foals.

Equine Vet. J., 21, 249-255

Failure of passive immunization by colostrum from immunised mares to protect foals against Rhodococcus equi pneumonia.

Equine Vet. J., 12, Suppl., 19-22

MARTENS, R.J., N.D. COHEN, M.K. CHAFFIN, S. TAKAI, C.L. DOHERTY, A.B.

ANGULO u. R.F. EDWARDS (2002):

Evaluation of 5 serology assays to detect Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals.

J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 221, 825-833

McCLUSKIE, M.J., R.D. WEERATNA, P.J. PAYETTE u. H.L. DAVIS (2002):

Parenteral and mucosal prime-boost immunization strategies in mice with hepatitis B surface antigen and CpG DNA.

FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol., 32, 179-185

MEIJER, W.G. u. J.F. PRESCOTT (2004):

Rhodococcus equi.

Vet. Res., 35, 383-396

MEYER-HAMME, M.B. (2004):

Rhodococcus equi and Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus aus Nasentupfern und Tracheobronchialsekret bei lungenkranken Fohlen.

Hannover, Tierärztl. Hochschule, Diss.

MIESSNER, K.K. u. R. WETZEL (1923):

Corynebacterium pyogenes (equi) als Erreger einer infektiösen, abszendierenden Pneumonie der Fohlen.

Dtsch. Tierärztl. Wochenzeitschrift, 31, 449-454

MORENO-FIERROS, L., E.J. RUIZ-MEDINA, R. ESQUIVEL, R. LÒPEZ-REVILLA u.

S. PINA-CRUZ (2003):

Intranasal Cry 1Ac Protoxin is an effective mucosal systemic carrier and adjuvant of Streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharides in mice.

Scan. J. Immuol., 57, 45-55

Bestimmung von Totraum und expiratorischem Mischluftvolumenverhältnis zur Diagnostik chronischer Lungenerkrankungen.

Pferdeheilkd., 14, 450-455

PATTON, K.M., T.C. McGUIRE, D.G. FRASER u. S.A. HINES (2004):

Rhodococcus equi-infected macrophages are recognized and killed by CD8+ T-Lymphocytes in a major histocompatibility complex class I-unrestricted fashion.

Infect. Immun., 72, 7073-7083

PATTON, K.M., T.C. McGUIRE, M.T. HINES, R.H. MEALEY u. S.A. HINES (2005):

Rhodococcus equi-specific cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes in immune horses and development in asymptomatic foals.

Infect. Immun., 73, 2083-2093

PAUL, M. (2005):

Verlauf des Rhodococcus equi-Antikörpertiters beim Fohlen: Vergleich von Fohlen mit und ohne Anti-Rhodococcus equi-Hyperimmunserumgabe.

Hannover, Tierärztl. Hochschule, Diss.

POLIDORI, M. und A. HAAS (2006):

VapI, a new member of the Rhodococcus equi Vap family.

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 90, 299 - 304

PRESCOTT, J.F. u. C.R. SWEENEY (1985):

Treatment of Corynebacterium equi pneumonia in foals: a review.

J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 187, 725-728

PRESCOTT, J.F., R. MACHANG`U, J. KWIECIEN u. K. DELANEY (1989):

Prevention of foal mortality due to Rhodococcus equi-pneumonia on an epidemically affected farm.

Can. Vet. J., 30, 871-875

Rhodococcus equi: an animal and human pathogen.

Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 4, 20-34

PRESCOTT, J.F. u. A.M. HOFFMANN (1993):

Rhodococcus equi.

Vet. Clin. North. Am. Equine Pract., 9, 375-384

PRESCOTT, J.F., A.S. FERNANDEZ, V.M. NICHOLSON, M.C. PATTERSON, J.A.

YAGER, L. VIEL u. G. PERKINS (1996):

Use of a virulence-associated protein based enzym-liked immunosorbent assay for Rhodococcus equi serology in horses.

Eqiune Vet. J., 28, 344-349

PRESCOTT, J.F., M.C. PATTERSON, V.M. NICHOLSON, B. MORIEN u. J.A.

YAGER (1997a):

Assessment of the immunogenic potential of Rhodococcus equi virulence-associated protein (VapA) in mice.

Vet. Microbiol., 56, 213-225

PRESCOTT, J.F., V.M. NICHOLSON, M.C. PATTERSON, M.C. ZANDONA MELEIRO, A. CATERINO De ARAUJO, J.A. YAGER u. M.A. HOLMES (1997b):

Use of Rhodococcus equi virulence-associated protein for immunization of foals against R. equi pneumonia.

Am. J. Vet. Res., 58, 356-359

PRIEBE, G.P., M.M. BRINIG, K. HATANO, M. GROUT, F.T. COLEMAN, G.B. PIER u.

J.B. GOLDBERG (2002):

Construction and characterization of a live, attenuated aroA deletion mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as acandidate intranasal vaccine.

Infect. Immun., 70, 1507-1517

Diagnostic contribution of thoracic ultrasonography in 17 foals with Rhodococcus equi pneumonia.

Vet. Radiol. Ultrasound, 45, 172-176

RANKIN, R., R. PONTAROLLO, X. IOANNOU, A.M. KRIEG, R. HECKER, L.A.

BABUIK u. S. VAN DRUNEN LITTLE-VAN DEN HURK (2001):

CpG motiv identification for veterinary and laboratory species demonstrates that sequence recognition is highly conserved.

Antisense Nucleic Acid Drug Dev., 11, 333-340

RANKIN, R., R. PONTAROLLO, S.GOMIS, B. KARVONEN, P. WILLSON, B.I.

LOEHR, D.L. GODSON, L.A. BABUIK R. HECKER, u. S. VAN DRUNEN LITTLE-VAN DEN HURK (2002):

CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides augment and switch the immune responses of cattle to bovine herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein D.

Vaccine, 20, 3014-3022

REEF, V.B. (1991):

Equine pediatric ultrasonography.

Compend. Contin. Educ. Pract. Vet., 13, 1277-1285

REIMER, J.M. (1990):

Diagnostic ultrasound of the equine thorax.

Compend. Contin. Educ. Pract. Vet., 12, 1321-1327

REN, J. und J. F. PRESCOTT (2003):

Analysis of virulence plasmid gene expression of intra-macrophage and in vitro grown Rhodococcus equi ATCC 33701.

Vet. Microbiol., 94, 167 – 182

ROONEY, J. R. (1966):

Corynebacterial infection in foals.

Mod. Vet. Pract., 47, 43 - 45

Zur Entwicklung der Empfindlichkeit von Rhodococcus equi gegenüber Antibiotika.

Hannover, Tierärztl. Hochschule, Diss.

SCHMIEDHOFFER, S. u A. LAPOK (1922):

Über eine infektiöse eitrige Lungenentzündung bei Saugfohlen.

Dtsch. Tierärztl. Wochenzeitschrift, 3-6, 17

SCHULTE, S. (2005):

Wirksamkeit von Hyperimmunserum zur Prophylaxe der Rhodococcus equi-Pneumonie beim Fohlen.

Hannover, Tierärztl. Hochschule, Diss.

SCHWARZ, K., T. STORNI, V. MANOLOVA, A. DIDIERLAURENT, J.C. SIRARD, P.

RÖTHLISBERGER u. M.F. BACHMANN (2003):

Role of Toll-like receptors in costimulating cytotoxic T-cell responses.

Eur. J. Immonol., 33, 1465-1470

SELLON, D.C., K. WALKER, M. SUYEMOTO u. C. ALTIER (1997):

Nucleic acid amplification for rapid detection of Rhodococcus equi in equine blood and tracheal wash fluids.

Am. J. Vet. Res., 58, 1232-1237

SELLON, D.C., T.E. BESSER, S.I. VIVRETTE u. R.S. McCONNICO (2001) :

Comparison of nucleic acid amplification, serology and microbiologic culture for diagnosis of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals.

J. Clin. Microbiol., 39, 1289-1293

SMITH, J.E. (1966):

Corynebacterium species as animal pathogens.

J. Appl. Bacteriol., 29, 119-130

M.F. BACHMANN (2004):

Nonmethylated CpG motifs packaged into virus-like particels induce protective cytotoxic T cell responses in the absence of systemic side effects.

J. Immunol., 172, 1777-1785

SUZUKI, K., K. KANEKO u. K. KOMAGATA (1981):

Desoxyribonucleic acid homologies among coryneform bacteria.

Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 31, 131-138

SWEENEY, C.R., R.W. SWEENEY u. T.J. DIVERS (1987):

Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in 48 foals: response to antimicrobial therapy.

Vet. Microbiol., 14, 329-336

TAKAI, S., S. KAWAZU u. S. TSUBAKI (1985):

Enzym-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of Corynebacterium (Rhodococcus) equi infection.

Am. J. Vet. Res., 46, 2166-2170

TAKAI, S. u. S. TSUBAKI (1985):

The incidence of Rhodococcus equi in domestic animal and soil.

Jpn. J. Vet. Sci., 47, 493-496

TAKAI, S., T. FUJIMORI, K. KATSUZAKI u. S. TSUBAKI (1987):

Ecology of Rhodococcus equi in horses and their enviroment on horse breeding farms.

Vet. Microbiol., 14, 233-239

TAKAI, S., K. KOIKE, S. OHBUSHI, C. IZUMI u. S. TSUBAKI (1991):

Identification of 15- to 17 kilodalton antigens associated with virulent Rhodococcus equi.

J. Clin. Microbiol., 29, 439-443

Rhodococcus equi infections in foal. Current concepts and implication for future research.

J. Equine Vet. Sci., 6, 105-119

TAKAI, S., N. FUKUNAGA, K. KAMISAWA, Y. IMAI, Y. SASAKI und S. TSUBAKI (1996):

Expression of virulence-associated antigens of Rhodococcus equi is regulated by temperature and pH.

Microbiol. Immunol., 40, 591 - 594

TAKAI, S. (1997):

Epidemiology of Rhodococcus equi infections: a review.

Vet. Microbiol., 56, 167-176

TAKAI, S., G. VIGO, H. IKUSHIMA, T. HIGUCHI, S.T. HAGIWARA, Y. SASAKI, S.

HASHIKURA, S. TSUBAKI, T. ANZAI u. M. KAMADA (1998):

Detection of virulent Rhodococcus equi in tracheal aspirate samples by polymerase chain reaction for rapid diagnosis Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals.

Vet. Microbiol., 61, 59-69

TAKAI, S., S.A. HINES, T. SEKIZAKI, V.M. NICHOLSON, D.A. ALPERIN, M. OSAKI, D. TAKAMATSU, M. NAKAMURA, K. SUZUKI, N. OGINO, T. KAKUDA, H. DAN u. J.

F. PRESCOTT (2000):

DNA sequences and comparison of virulence plasmids from Rhodococcus equi ATCC 33701 and 103.

Infect. Immun., 68, 6840-6847

TIZARD, I.R. (2000):

Veterinary Immunology: an introduction.

Saunders Company, 6. Auflage, 89

A synthetic single-stranded DNA, poly(dG, dC), induces interferon-α/β and –γ, augments natural killer activity, and suppresses tumor growth.

Jpn. J. Cancer Res., 79, 682-686

TRISKATIS, A.-L. (2004):

Semiquantitative Bestimmung von Antikörpern gegen Rhodococcus equi in Serum und Kolostrum bei Stuten und Fohlen mittels ELISA und der Vergleich mit Befunden der Lungenuntersuchung.

Hannover, Tierärztl. Hochschule, Diss.

VARGA, J., L. FODOR, M. RUSIVA, I. SOÒS u. L. MAKRAI (1997):

Prevention of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals using two different inactivated vaccines.

Vet. Microbiol., 56, 205-212

VERTHELYI, D., M. GURSEL, R.T. KENNEY, J.D. LIFSON, S. LIU, J. MICAN u. D.M.

KLINMAN (2003):

CpG oligodeoxynucleotides protect normal and SIV-infected Macaques from Leishmania infection.

J. Immunol., 170, 4717-4723

VLEUGELS, B., C. VERVERKEN u. B.M. GODDEERIS (2002):

Stimulatory effect of CpG sequences on humoral response in chicken.

Poult. Sci., 81, 1317-1321

WADA, R., M. KAMADA, T. ANZAI, A. NAKANISHI, T. KANEMARU, S. TAKAI u. S.

TSUBAKI (1997):

Pathogenicity and virulence Rhodococcus equi in foals following intrtracheal challenge.

Vet. Microbiol. 56, 301-312

(2005):

Isocitrate lyase activity is required for virulence of the intracellular pathogen Rhodococcus equi.

Infect. Immun., 73, 6736 - 6741

WALTHER, S. (2006):

Diagnostik von Lungenabszessen beim Fohlen. Vergleich von sonographischen und röntgenologischen Befunden.

Hannover, Tierärztl. Hochschule, Diss.

WEIMAR, B.-M. (2006):

Lungenabszesse bei Fohlen: Klinische sonographische, endoskopische, pathomorphologische und mikrobiologische Befunde.

Hannover, Tierärztl. Hochschule, Diss.

WEISS, E. u. R. RUDOLPH (1988):

Katharrhalisch-Bronchopneumonien, Pferd: Corynebacterium equi.

In: DAHME, E. u. E. WEISS (Hrsg.): Grundriss der speziellen pathologischen Anatomie der Haustiere

Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart, 5. Auflage, 94-96

WIESSNER, E. u. R. RIBBECK (2000):

Lexikon der Veterinärmedizin.

Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart, 4. Auflage, 24

WOOLCOCK, J.B., A.-M.T. FARMER u. M.D. MUTIMER (1979):

Selective medium for Corynebacterium equi isolation.

J. Clin. Microbiol., 21, 640-642

YAGER, J.A. (1987):

The pathogenesis of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals.

Vet. Microbiol., 14, 225-232

In vitro phagozytosis and killing of Corynebacterium equi by alveolar macrophages of foals.

Am. J. Vet. Res., 46, 2171-2174

ZINK, M.C., J.A. YAGER u. N.L. SMART (1986):

Corynebacterium equi infections in horses. 1958-1984: a review of 131 cases.

Can. Vet. J., 27, 213-217