Swine Research Unit, Agroscope Posieux, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland

E

G. Bee, C. Kasper, P. Schlegel

Swine Research Unit, Agroscope Posieux, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland

Methods 1, 2, 3 Discussion

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Above 65 kg empty boy weight (BW),

protein deposition is greater in pigs fed protein-restricted compared to standard diets (Ruiz-Ascacibar et al. 2017, Ruiz-Ascacibar et al. 2019)

Protein content of the empty body depending on the dietary protein content

Body weight, kg

20 40 60 80 100 120

kg

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22

Standard Low protein

Fat content of the empty body

depending on the dietary protein content

Body weight, kg

20 40 60 80 100 120

kg

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Standard Low protein

Fat deposition rate

Body weight, kg

20 40 60 80 100 120

g/kg empty body weight gain

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45

Standard - barrows Standard - females Low protein - barrows Low protein - females

Protein deposition rate

Body weight, kg

20 40 60 80 100 120

g/kg empty body weight gain

0.155 0.160 0.165 0.170 0.175

0.180 Standard

Low protein

Protein efficiency

Body weight, kg

40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

%

42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49

Standard Low protein

References

Ruiz-Ascacibar, I., P. Stoll, M. Kreuzer, and G. Bee. 2019. Dietary crude protein and amino acid restriction has a different impact on the dynamic of protein, amino acid and fat deposition in entire male, castrated and female pigs. Animal 13(1):74-82.

Ruiz-Ascacibar, I., P. Stoll, M. Kreuzer, V. Boillat, P. Spring, and G. Bee. 2017. Impact of amino acid and CP restriction from 20 to 140 kg BW on performance and dynamics in empty body protein and lipid deposition of entire male, castrated and female pigs. Animal 11(3):394-404.

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Results

Introduction Results 1, 2, 3

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E

G. Bee, C. Kasper, P. Schlegel

Swine Research Unit, Agroscope Posieux, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland

E XPERIMENTAL DESIGN

A NIMALS AND DIETS

B^REED: 48 Swiss Large White pigs from 12 litters BW ^RANGE: 22 to 110 kg

H^OUSING: 1 large pen equipped with 8 automatic feeders and individual pig recognition system

F^EEDING: Ad libitum access to the grower and finisher diets

Analyzed composition (g or MJ/kg as-fed) of the standard and reduced protein (80% of standard) grower and finisher diet

Grower diets Finisher diets

ST 80%-ST ST 80%-ST

Dry matter 898 894 894 895

Crude protein 165 132 151 121

Crude fat 24 25 21 21

Crude fiber 39 42 37 37

Lysine 10.2 8.2 8.0 6.5

Methionine + Cystine 5.6 4.9 5.1 4.2

Threonine 6.6 2.7 5.3 4.4

Tryptophan 2.0 1.5 1.9 1.5

Calculated energy content

DE (MJ/kg) 13.2 13.2 13.2 13.2

Crude protein/DE 12.4 9.9 11.4 9.1

T RAITS OF INTEREST

GROWTH PERFORMANCE

• Average daily gain

• Average daily feed intake

• Protein intake

CARCASS COMPOSITION (D^UAL-X-^RAY-ABSORPTIOMETRY)

• Hot carcass weight

• Nutrient composition of the carcass

• at 22 kg BW

• at slaughter

NUTRIENT DEPOSITION AND DEPOSITION EFFICIENCY

• Daily deposition rate of carcass protein and fat

• N-deposition efficiency

BASIS TO CALCULATE THE PROTEIN AND FAT CONTENT OF THE CARCASSES

• at 22 kg BW

based on data of Ruiz-Ascacibar et al. (2019)

• Protein: 120 g/kg BW

• Fat: 76 g/kg BW

• Gross energy: 7.03 MJ/kg BW

• at slaughter

• Protein (g): - 469.34 + 0.45 × D_LM

• Fat (g): - 532.46 + 1.73 × D_FM + 0.07 × D_LM

• Gross energy (kJ): - 35.63 + 72.11 × D_FM + 14.44 × D_LM

D_LM = DXA-lean mass (g) , D_FM = DXA-fat mass (g) REFERENCES

Ruiz-Ascacibar, I., P. Stoll, M. Kreuzer, and G. Bee. 2019. Dietary crude protein and amino acid restriction has a different impact on the dynamic of protein, amino acid and fat deposition in entire male, castrated and female pigs. Animal 13(1):74-82.

Mitchell, A., A. Scholz, and J. Conway. 1998. Body composition analysis of pigs from 5 to 97 kg by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 49(5-6):521-523.

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Growth performance traits

in the grower and finisher period

E

G. Bee, C. Kasper, P. Schlegel

Swine Research Unit, Agroscope Posieux, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland

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ST

ST / 80%-ST 80%-ST

a-c: bars with different superscripts denote differences at P < 0.05, regardless of the sex

X, Y: bars with different superscripts denote differences at P < 0.05, regardless of dietary treatments A, B:bars with different superscripts denote differences at P < 0.05

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Growth performance traits

Overall

E

G. Bee, C. Kasper, P. Schlegel

Swine Research Unit, Agroscope Posieux, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland

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Tretment (T) Sex (S) P-value

ST ST / 80%-ST 80%-ST Female Castrate SEM T S

BW

Start grower 22.1 22.3 21.9 22.0 22.2 0.69 0.78 0.60

Start finisher 64.3 65.1 63.8 64.3 64.5 1.18 0.45 0.82

At slaughter 109.9 109.3 110.7 109.3 110.7 1.39 0.29 0.06

ADG, g/d 0.954 0.959 0.925 0.911 0.981 0.0286 0.16 < 0.01

Total Feed intake, kg 224.3

227.3

236.4

225.3 233.5 5.41 < 0.01 < 0.01

ADFI, kg/d 2.43 2.50 2.45 2.33 2.58 0.066 0.42 < 0.01

Gain-to-feed, kg/kg 0.392

0.383

0.376

0.388 0.379 0.0061 < 0.01 0.02

Gain-to-CP intake, kg/kg 2.505 2.774 3.013 2.789 2.738 0.0413 < 0.01 0.04

a,b: Least square means with different superscripts denote differences at P < 0.05, regardless of the sex

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Carcass nutrient content, deposition rate and deposition efficiency

E

G. Bee, C. Kasper, P. Schlegel

Swine Research Unit, Agroscope Posieux, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland

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Ash content

female castrate

kg

2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6

Carcass weight

female castrate

kg

72 76 80 84 88 92 96

Protein content

female castrate

kg

10 12 14 16

ST ST / 80%-ST 80%-ST

a-c: bars with different superscripts denote differences at P < 0.05, regardless of the sex

X, Y: bars with different superscripts denote differences at P < 0.05, regardless of dietary treatments

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Introduction Methods Results 1, 2, 3

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E

G. Bee, C. Kasper, P. Schlegel

Swine Research Unit, Agroscope Posieux, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland

Digestible lysine recommendations

Body weight, kg*

* Body weight used to define d-lysine recommendation

d-lysine (g/MJ DE) = 0.895-0.913 x (BW/100) + 0.491 x (BW/100)² -0.045 x (BW/100)³

40 80

g/MJ DE

0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

0.7 ST

80%-ST

Compared to the S ^TANDARD ( ^{RED LINE} )

Digestible lysine recommendations

Body weight, kg*

* Body weight used to define d-lysine recommendation

d-lysine (g/MJ DE) = 0.895-0.913 x (BW/100) + 0.491 x (BW/100)² -0.045 x (BW/100)³

40 80

g/MJ DE

0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

ST / 80%-ST

reducing the digestible essential amino acid content only in the finisher diet (green line)

• had no effect on overall growth rate

• has no effect on feed efficiency

• improved the N-efficiency and thus should decrease the N-losses via feces and urine reducing the digestible essential amino acid content of the grower and finisher diet (blue line) .

• has hardly any effects on the overall growth rate

• but impaired feed efficiency

• but markedly improved N-efficiency and thus should decrease the N-losses via feces and urine

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