Jacob 555

(1)

Jacob 555

Switz. 1940, farmer's dtr. Marie; Annabelle(?); Ruedi, b.

1883, d. 1895; twelve half-siblings. ~ I. 1919 Hildegard Anbe- lang, b. Vienna 1894, d. Zurich 1952, 1938 div; II. 1939 Anne- liese Schlösser, b. 1913,1935-38 assist, in weaving, Sch. für Tex- tile Flächenkunst (Sch. for Textile Structural Art), Krefeld, Rhineland, Ger, a: Zurich. C: Matthias, b. Weimar, Saxony, Ger. 1920; Marion, b. Zurich 1941; Klaus, b. Zurich 1944; Tho- mas, b. Zurich 1946.

1898-1904 lived with reis, in Thun. Att. Progym. 1904-08 att.

teacher's training coll, Bern, Hofwil. Four years music instruction with Hans Klee, - Paul Klee's father. 1908-09 elem. sch.

teacher in Schwarzenburg, Switz. 1909-10 one semester at Ecole des Beaux Arts in Geneva. Then returned to Bern.

1910-12 studied math, and natural scis. at Univ. Bern. Travel- led to Munich, Cologne and Neth. Finished univ. studies with sec. leaching cert. Turned definitely to painting. 1912-13 studied in Geneva. 1913 moved to Stuttgart. Cont. studies as day student with Adolf Hoelzel after an intro. by Ida Kerkovius.

Contact with Oskar Schlemmer and Willi Baumeister. 1914 freelance work; exp. with Cubism, Expressionism, Futurism, first attempts at abstracts. 1916 first exhib. at Gall. Der Sturm, Berlin. Vis. Paul Klee in Munich and moved to Vienna. Fdr. of priv. art sch. Studies in form, color and texture, first experimental anticipations of Bauhaus basic course. 1919 partic. in joint exhib. of Bewegung group in Vienna. Met circle around Alma Mahler: — Arnold Schoenberg, Alban Berg, — Franz Werfel, J.M. Hauer, with Adolf Loos. Heinrich Tessenow and the art historians, Robert Strzygowsky and — Hans Tietze. 1919 with help of Alma Mahler, app. dir. of basic course at Staatliches Bauhaus by Walter Gropius. Dev. and expanded a course of instruction in basic design, which is still influential as a model.

Incorporated Christian and Eastern philosophies and wisdom into art, incl. vegetarianism and Mazdaznan. 1923 resigned from Bauhaus after controversies and disagreements about artistic trends. Second exhib. in Gall. Der Sturm. 1923-26 lived in Herrliberg, Switz. Fdr. of Ontos Workshops for weaving, which incl. hand weavings and carpets; reed. 1926 Gold Medal at Intl. Handicrafts Exhib, Paris. 1926 returned to Ger. 1926-34 fdr. and dir. of Itten School in Berlin, which trained painters, graphic artists, architects and photographers; 1934 sch. closed by Nazis. Partic. in Grosse Kunstausstellung, Berlin (G.B.K.), with the Abstrakten group. 1932 partic. in exhib, "Abstract Art," Mus. of Mod. Art, New York and presented the works of Itten Sch. students in Berlin. 1932-38 dir. of newly fd. Prof.

Sch. for Textile Structural Art in Krefeld. Concurr: 1934 first exhib. of textile art; 1937 partic. in nat. textile exhib. Berlin, with own dept; plans for a textile and fashion acad. of Ger. textile indus. failed because J.I. did not abandon Swiss cit; differ- ences arose with the city of Krefeld about this nationality ques- tion, and J.I. was suspected of being pro-communist; 1937 work incl. in exhib. of degenerate art, "Entartete Kunst," Mu- nich; Nov. 1937 notified of impending closing of sch. by Nazi munic. govt, of Krefeld, and 31 Mar. 1938 the sch. was closed.

On the same day emigr. to Amsterdam under the pretext of visit- ing the Stedelijk Exhib. of "Abstract Art." Assist, by the new Stedelijk Mus. dir, Willem Sandberg and the former Bauhaus artist. Paul Citroen, app. lect. at Stedelijk-Mus, Amsterdam, lect. in var. cities, and summer courses in the Quaker Center Eerde, near Ommen, 1937- contacts with Bauhaus colleagues, incl.— Herbert Bayer on partic. Bauhaus-Exhib. in New York, and with Gropius on plan for a sch. of structural textile art at Harvard Univ. Fall 1938-1954 dir, Sch. of Arts and Crafts and Mus. of Arts and Crafts in Zurich, 1954 retired. Concurr: Educ.

and org. work, which incl. org. the following exhibs, "Aus mei- nem Unterricht" (1939), " D i e Farbe" (1944), "Afrikanische Kunst" (1945), "Meisterwerke aus Österreich" (1946), 1940-48 art adv. for the firm, Heberlein in Wattwil; 1941 mem. Swiss Werkbund; 1943-52 chmn. of trade assn, Zurich, prep. Weglei- tung. sch. of arts and crafts, Zurich: 1943-60 dir. of Zurich silk industry's textile acad. With art collector von der Heydt, planned and dev. Rietberg Mus. for Non-Eur. Art, and in 1952-56 serv. as dir. of the Mus. 1950- coop, with the teachers coll. of Zurich in reforms of art educ. in the elem. sch; urged promotion of talented students. 1958 partic. in cong. of Intl.

Fed. of Art Educ, Basel. 1953-began painting more intensive-

ly. Exhibitions: Individual shows incl. Stedelijk Mus, Amster- dam (1957); Biennale, Säo Paulo, with Bauhaus master group (1958): Kunsthaus, Zurich (1964); Kunstverein. Düsseldorf (1965); Kunsthalle, Bern (1971); Goethe Inst, Paris ( 1972): Tra- velling exhib, Kunsthalle, Nuremberg and Kunstmus, Winter- thur, Krefeld, and other cities (1973-77). Group shows incl. Sa- lon Indépendant, Zurich (1940); First Biennale, Intl. Coun. of Mus, Paris (1948); "Konkrete Kunst," Kunsthaus Zurich (I960). Partic. in exhib. on Bauhaus. Reed: Dr. h.c, T.U. Darm- stadt : "Sikkens." Dutch Art Prize ( 1966).

Biblio: "Analysen alter Meister," Utopia (1921); Tagebuch, on color counterpoint (Berlin, 1930); Kunst der Farbe - Subjek- tives Erleben und objektives Erkennen als Wege zur Kunst (Ra- vensburg, Fed. Repub. Ger, 1961; Am. ed. New York, 1961;

new ed. 1970); Mein Vorkurs am Bauhaus - Geslaltungs- und Formenlehre (Ravensburg, 1963; rev. by Anneliese Itten and publ. as Mein Vorkurs am Bauhaus und später, Ravensburg, 1975); Johannes Itten: Zur Farbenlehre Johannes Ittens (Ra- vensburg, 1974): further biblio. in Willy Rotzler and Anneliese Itten, Johannes Ilten - Werke und Schriften (Zurich, 1972). Lit:

Stedelijk Mus. cat. (Amsterdam, 1957); Eberhard Roters, Ma- ler am Bauhaus (Berlin, 1965); Kunsthallen cats: (Düsseldorf, 1966; Bern, 1971; Nuremberg, 1972); Marcel Franciscono, Walter Gropius and the Situation of the Bauhaus in Weimar (London, 1971); Johannes Itten - Der Unterricht - Grundlagen der Kunsterziehung, travelling exhib. cat. (Krefeld and other cit- ies, 1973-77); Wieland Schmied, Malerei nach 1945 (Frank- f u r t / M . Berlin, Vienna 1974); Kunstverein cat. (Ulm, 1976);

Th.-B. (vol. 19. 1926); Bauhaus cat. (vols. I, 2); Wingler, Bau- haus. Arch: Bauhaus Arch, W. Berlin; Anneliese Ilten; Kunst- mus, Bern. Sources: Autobiog, Biblio. Biog, Hand, Print. — IfZ.

J

Jackson, Felix (fmly. Joachimson), writer, film producer; b.

1902; see Straschek film biographies.

Jackson, Herbert H(ugh), prof, of modern languages; b. Vienna 1 Nov. 1914. E: 1939 U.K, 1950 Can. oo 1942. C: two.

1938 Dr.jur, Univ. Vienna. 1939 emigr. to U.K. Apprentice carpenter at Quaker hostel. Interned for three mos. 1940-46 serv. as private, then non-commissioned officer in Pioneer Corps, Royal Army Serv. Corps and Allied Commn. in U. K, N.

Afr. and It. Att. Univ. London on ex-servicemen's grant; 1950 B.A. with hons. Sr. Latin master in grammar sch, London. 1950 emigr. to Can. 1951 mem. fac, dept. mod. langs, Memorial Univ. of Newfoundland, St. John's: 1951 assist, prof. Ger. and Fr, 1967- prof, and head of new dept. of Ger. and Russ, concurr. 1953- lect. at Coll. of Spec, and Continuing Studies, Univ.

Md. Mem: Can. Assn. Univ. Teachers of Ger, Can.-Ger. Acad.

Exchange Assn. (v. pres. 1967); Can. Linguistic Assn; Mod.

Humanities Res. Assn; Humanities Assn. Can. A: (1979) St.

John's, Newfoundland, Can.

Sources: Hand, Pers. — R.F.J.I.

Jacob, Hans, author, translator; b. Berlin 20 Nov. 1896, d. Paris 6 Mar. 1961. R: Jewish. E: 1933 Fr, 1940 U.S, 1948 Fr. Cit:

U.S, fmly. Ger. F: Dept. store owner, d. 1906. M: Else Caro. d.

1903. S : 2 bros, b. 1891 and 1895. ~ I. Actress, emigr; II. Mila Anna Sophie Behr. C: With first wife, Nicolette.

Att. Collège Royal Français, Berlin; 1914 Notabitur. War serv. vol. 1918- studied Romance philol, art hist, and lit. at Univ. Munich. Auth. and journ, contrib. to Vossische Zeitung, Berliner Tageblatt. Lived also in Aus. and It; worked as trans, from Fr. and It, and as publ.'s reader and cabaret dir. 1926 app.

interpreter in lang. serv. div. of Ger. Fgn. O f f ; partic. in num.

intl. confs. 1933 interpreter for Ger. deleg. at disarmament conf.

in Geneva; clashed with deleg. Reinhard Heydrich; 31 Mar.

(2)

556 Jacob

1933 returned to Berlin in spite of this confrontation with S.S.-leader. 1 Apr. 1933 warned of imminent arrest and fled to Vienna; short stays in Mex. and U S ; Nov. 1933 to Paris.

1933-34 mem. ed. staff, Pariser Tageblau; later conf. interpreter for intl. orgs, and authorities. 1935- simultaneous interpreter of speeches by Hitler and Mussolini for Fr. ministries. Mar. 1936 became trans, and announcer of Paris off, Radio Strasbourg;

Chef de Service for several years. May 1940 interned briefly, later prestataire. Sept. 1940 via Sp. to Port; Oct. 1940 to New York. 1941 joined Ger. lang, servs. of Boston radio station, later Eng. lang, radio commentator in N.J. and New York. Advo- cated harsh measures against postwar Ger. ("probationary peri- od in chains"), and launched attacks primarily against •Hein- rich Brüning and associates. Contrib. to Aufbau. 1946 journey through Fr, later interpreter for intl. orgs. 1948-56 chief interpreter in U.N.E.S.C.O. Secretariat, Paris. Mem: 1922 P.E.N.- Club (1922); Mex. Soc. of Geog. and Statist, (hon. mem.); Intl.

Union of Conf. Interpreters (hon. pres.). Reed; Knight of the Fr. Legion of Hon. (1960).

Biblio: Kind meiner Zeil: Erinnerungen (Cologne, Berlin, 1962); for further works, see L.K.N. Lit: Radkau, Emigration:

Walter, Exilliteratur 1. Sources: Hand, Print. — IfZ.

Jacob, Heinrich Eduard, author; b. Berlin 7 Oct. 1889, d. Salz- burg, Aus. 25 Oct. 1967. R: Jewish. E: 1939 U.S. F: Richard J, b. 1847, bank dir. M: Martha Behrendt. °° Married several times.

Studied hist, lit, musicol. and philos. in Berlin. Journalist and author. 1921-24 ed. of lit. journ, 'Der Feuerreiter. 1927- chief corresp, Berliner Tageblatt, Vienna. Contrib. to num. lit. pubis.

Consult. Tor-» Max Reinhardt. Mem. bd. of dirs, Kleist Found, and Goethe Soc. 1938-39 11 mos. in Dachau and Buchenwald concentration camps. Books banned in Nazi Ger. 1939 emigr.

to New York via Aus. After W.W.II lived in U.S. and Aus. Au- thor and major journalist for Mosse newspapers. Sage und Sie- geszug des Kaffees (Berlin, 1934) regarded as a first in modern non-fiction genre. Mem: Berlin Press Assn; Union of Ger.

Dramatists; Protective League for Ger. Writers; Ger. P.E.N.

Club, London.

Biblio: Das Leichenbegräbnis der Gemma Ebria, novel (Ber- lin, 1912); Reise durch den belgischen Krieg: Ein Tagebuch (Berlin, 1915); Der Zwanzigjährige: Ein symphonischer Roman (Munich, 1918); Beaumarchais und Sonnenfels, play (Berlin, 1919); Der Tulpenfrevel, play (Berlin, 1920); Das Flötenkonzert der Vernunft, novel (Berlin, 1923); ed, Verse der Lebenden:

Deutsche Lyrik seit 1910 (Berlin, 1924); Dämonen und Narren, novel ( F r a n k f u r t / M , 1927); Blut und Zelluloid, novel (Berlin, 1930); Treibhaus Südamerika, novel (Zurich, 1934); Sage und Siegeszug des Kaffees (1934; 2nd revised ed. Hamburg, 1952;

trans, as Coffee, the Story of a Commodity [New York, 1935]);

Der Grinzinger Taugenichts, novel (Amsterdam, 1935): Johann Strauss und das neunzehnte Jahrhundert (Amsterdam, 1937);

Johann Strauss, Vater und Sohn. biog. (1938, 2nd ed. Hamburg, 1953; Eng. trans. New York, London, Stockholm, 1940); Six Thousand Years of Bread: Its Holv and Unholy History (Garden City, N.Y, 1950); Joseph Haydn, his Art. Times and Glory, biog.

(New York, London, 1950; Ger. trans. Hamburg, 1952); Mozart oder Geist. Musik und Schicksal, biog. ( F r a n k f u r t / M . 1955);

Felix Mendelssohn und seine Zeit: Bildnis und Schicksal eines Meisters, biog. ( F r a n k f u r t / M , 1959, Eng. trans. 1963); others;

biblio. in Wilpert/Gühring. Arch: See Spalek, Guide. Lit:

H.d.G: N.D.B, (vol. 10). Sources: Hand. - IfZ.

Jacob, Herbert, prof, of political science; b. Augsburg, Bavaria, Ger. 10 Feb. 1933. « . Jewish. E: 1939 U.K, 1940 U.S. Cit: U S, fmly. Ger. F: 'Ernest J, b. Gottingen, Hannover, Ger. 1899, U.S. 1974, Jewish, Ph.D, rabbi and prof, of hist, 1938 interned Dachau concentration camp, Dec. 1938 to U.K, 1940 to U.S.

M: Annette Lowenberg, b. Hamburg 1902, d. Pittsburgh, Penn.

Jewish, 1939(?) to U.K, 1940 to U.S, att. teachers coll, coll.

teacher of Ger. S. Walter J, b. Augsburg 1930, 1940 to U.S, He- brew Union Coll. D.D, rabbi. => I. Joan E. Forbstein, b. Spring- field, Mo. 1937, Jewish, nurse; II. 1968 Lynn S. Carp, b. Port-

land, Maine 1943, Jewish, 1967 M.S.W, Smith Coll, soc.

worker. C: Joel, b. 1961 ; David, b. 1963; Jenny, b. 1970; Max, b. 1974.

1939 emigr. to U.K, lived with uncle. 1940 emigr. to U.S, lived with rel. 1950-54 att. Harvard Univ; 1954 A.B. 1954-60 att. Yale Univ; 1960 Ph.D. in polit, sei. Concurr. 1955-57 serv, U.S. Army. 1960-62 instr. in polit, sei, Tulane Univ, New Or- leans, La. 1962-69 mem. fac, Univ. Wisconsin: 1962-64 assist, prof, 1964-67 assoc. prof, 1967-69 prof. 1967-68 Nat. Sei.

Found, sei. teaching fel, Harvard Univ. From 1969 prof, of polit. sei, Northwestern Univ, Evanston, 111. 1973-74 fel, Cent, for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Scis. Res. on administration of justice in the U.S. Major contribution is empirical study of American courts and conceptualization of courts as organiza- tions. Mem: Law and Soc. Assn. (treas. 1966-79; pres. 198I-);

others. A:(1981) Evanston, III.

Biblio: German Administration Since Bismarck (New Haven, 1963); Debtors in Court (Chicago, 1969); Justice in America (Boston, 1972); Urban Justice (Englewood Cliffs, N.J, 1973);

co-auth, Felony Justice (Boston, 1977); Justice in America (3rd ed. Boston, 1978); Crime and Justice in American Cities (Engle- wood Cliffs, N.J, 1979); Contrib. arts, to prof, journs. incl. Law and Soc. Rev. Sources: Hand, Qu. — R.F.J.1.

Jacob, Paul Abraham, pedagogue: b. Berlin 10 July 1893, d.

27 Feb. 1965. E: 1938 Pal. Cit: Isr, fmly. Ger. F: Magnus J, businessman. M: Henriette Engel, b. Berlin, oo 1938 Franziska Okmiansky, b. Königsberg, E. Prussia, Ger. (Kaliningrad, U.S.S R.) 1911, educ. Berlin State dramatics sch, mem. Jü- discher Kulturbund, emigr. to Pal, 1944- head of local theater group. C: Jael Goldmann, b. Jerusalem 1945, att. acting sch. in London; Raya, b. Jerusalem 1947, M.A. in art hist, Hebrew Univ.

Abitur, Französisches Gym, Berlin. Studied philos, Fr, and Ger, Univ. Berlin; 1921 Dr.phil. 1921-29 Studienassessor, later Studienrat, Goethe Sch. and Dorotheen-Oberlyzeum, Berlin.

1929-30 exchange teacher, Paris. 1931-33 exchange teacher and lect, Univ. Lille, Fr. Aug. 1933 forced retirement under Nazi law of 7 Apr. 1933 (G.W.B.B.). Apr. 1934-Aug. 1938 teacher, principal, Priv. Jüdische Sch. Kaliski, Berlin-Dahlem;

est. "Palästina-Gruppe" from mems. of the student body; later on emigr. as a group to Pal. settling in Ben-Shemen youth village. Sept. 1938 emigr. to Pal. on A-I cert. One year intensive study of Hebrew, then teacher, school principal, and cultural dir, Meier Shefayah (intl. youth settlement, incl. neglected children, founded by Hadassah), stressed art educ. and leisure activities as educ. tool and organized leisure-time art groups.

1947-48 Youth Aliyah deleg. to Paris; Zionist educator in homes directed by O.S. E, Fr, for youth saved from Holocaust.

Mem: Rotary Club.

Sources: Pers, Qu. — R.F.J.I.

Jacob, Paul Walter (pseud. Paul Walter), stage director, writer;

b. Duisburg, Rhineland, Ger. 26 Jan. 1905, d. Schwäbisch Hall, Baden-Württemberg, Fed. Repub. Ger. 20 July 1977. R: Until 1924(7) Jewish. E: 1933 Fr, 1934 Lux, 1936 C.S.R, 1938(39?) Arg, 1950 Fed. Repub. Ger. Cit: 1950 Ger, fmly. Aus. 1920 Ger, Apr. 1938 Ger. cit. revoked, 1938(39?) Arg. F: Max J, b. Berlin 1875(7), d. Amsterdam 1936 (suicide), Jewish, merchant, emigr.

to Neth. with wife. M: Fanny Strauch, b. Hannover, Ger.

1885(?) d. Amsterdam 1936 (suicide), Jewish. « I. Edith Thea Roeder, b. Ansbach, Bavaria, Ger. 1898, Jewish, 1933 to Fr.(?), 1934 to Lux. (?), 1936 to C.S.R, Apr. 1938 Ger. cit. revoked; II.

1939 Liselotte Reger. C: (none).

1920(?) Abitur, Realgym, Mainz. 1921-28 att. Univ. Berlin;

studied at Staatl. Hochsch. für Musik, and — Max Reinhardt Sem. des Deutschen Theaters, Berlin. 1925- assist, Staatsthea- ter, Berlin, also freelance actor and dir. Mem. Pazifistischer Stu- dentenbund; D.L.M; G.D.B.A. 1929-33 stage dir, Dramaturg, actor and cond. at munic. theaters in Koblenz, Lübeck, Wup- pertal, Dessau, Cologne and Essen; 1933 dismissed from posts.

I Apr. 1933 emigr. to Paris via Amsterdam. 1933-34 unable to

(3)

Jacobi 557

secure e m p l o y m e n t . Aided by assistance orgs, such as Foyer Henri H e i n e a n d D . L . M . 1934 emigr. to Lux. 1934-35 active in stage a n d r a d i o ; m e m . G e r . acting e n s e m b l e . Die K o m ö d i e . C o - f d r . of first E c h t e r n a c h Fest. C o n t r i b . to Deutsche Freiheil.

S a a r b r ü c k e n . 1936 emigr. to C . S . R . 1936-38 at Deut. T h e a t e r , Prague a n d var. G e r . theaters. C o n t r i b . to n e w s p a p e r s incl. Pari- ser Tageszeitung a n d Die neue Weltbühne. Prague. 1938(39?) emigr. to B u e n o s Aires with Para, visa via H u n g , a n d Fr. with wife Liselotte Reger. C h o r u s dir. for soc. d e m . workers' choir of the Vorwärts club. S u p p o r t e d by head of Argentinisches Ta- geblatt. Ernesto F. A l e m a n . 1940-50 c o - f d r , dir. a n d principal a c t o r , Freie Deut. Bühne, the only Ger.-lang, theater with a fixed resid. in S. A m . M a n y prods, of plays of var. origins, incl.

those of b a n n e d G e r . auths, a m o n g others incl. Ger.-lang. pre- miere of — F r a n z Werfel's Jacobowskv und der Oberst. R e g u l a r guest a p p e a r a n c e s incl. in M o n t e v i d e o , Urug. C o n t r i b . to periods. incl. Literatura. Jüdische Wochenschau. Das Andere

Deutschland a n d Argentinisches Tageblatt, all in B u e n o s Aires.

1943 p a n i c , First cong. Antifascist Gers, in S. A m , M o n t e v i - d e o . M e m . Associacion Argentina de Actores. 1949 guest p r o d , in Fed. R e p u b . G e r , e n g a g e d actors for Freie Deut. B ü h n e . 1950 r e t u r n e d to Fed. R e p u b . Ger. 1950-62 mgr, then gen. mgr, Stadt. B ü h n e n D o r t m u n d . 1962- freelance actor, stage dir. a n d writer f o r theater, film, T.V. a n d radio. 1964-70 theater arts lect, Univ. C o l o g n e . Initiator of A u s l a n d s k u l t u r t a g e of City of D o r t m u n d . Dir. of o p e r a sch, Robert S c h u m a n n C o n s , Düssel- dorf. M e m : D.B.V. R e e d : B.V.K. (1969); hon. m e m , Stadt.

B ü h n e n , D o r t m u n d (1975); Kaiser M e d a l , City of M a i n z (1976).

Biblio: E d , Leo Blech ( H a m b u r g - L e i p z i g , 1931); ed, Felix von Weingartnt-r ( W i e s b a d e n , A n t w e r p , 1933); El arte lirico: su historia y sus compositores (Buenos Aires, 1944); Rampenlicht.

Köpfe der Literatur und des Theaters (Buenos Aires, 1945);

Zeitklänge: Komponistenporträts und Dirigenten-Profile (Bue- nos Aires, 1945); Ricardo Wagner y su obra ( B u e n o s Aires, 1946; G e r . ed. Taten der Musik: Richard Wagner und sein Werk [ R e g e n s b u r g , 1952]); ed, Theater: Sieben Jahre Freie Deutsche Bühne in Buenos Aires: Ein Brevier ( B u e n o s Aires, 1946); e d , Theater 1940-50: Zehn Jahre Freie Deutsche Bühne in Buenos Aires ( B u e n o s Aires, 1950); Jacques Offenbach in Selbstzeug- nissen und Bilddokumenten ( R e i n b e k near H a m b u r g , 1969);

" Z e h n J a h r e Freie Deutsche B ü h n e in B u e n o s Aires," Theater im Exil 1933-45: " V o n d e n Schwierigkeiten einer E m i g r a n - t e n b ü h n e - Die 'Freie Deutsche B ü h n e ' in Buenos A i r e s , "

Theater im Exil (Symposium); m a n y other w o r k s on theater a n d m u s i c ; for biblio. to 1969 see Stadtbücherei D o r t m u n d , Aktuelle Bücherlisten, incl. lit. (series B, no. 22; Dec, 1969); Lit: J a c o b , Freie Deutsche Bühne: K ü r s c h n e r , Theater; Trepte, Exiltheater;

W ä c h t e r , Exiltheater; Theater im Exil 1933-45; B e r e n d s o h n , Emigranten-Literatur 2; W a r d B. Lewis, "Activism a n d the A r g e n t i n e a n Exile T h e a t e r , " W o l f g a n g Elfe, J a m e s H a r d i n a n d G ü n t h e r Holst, eds, Deutsches Exildrama und Exiltheater, A k t e n des E x i l l i t e r a t u r - S y m p o s i u m s der Univ. S o u t h e r n Cali- f o r n i a , 1976 (Bern, F r a n k f u r t / M , Las Vegas, 1977); Theater im

Exil ( S y m p o s i u m ) ; Vivian W o l f g a n g , Die Freie Deutsche Bühne in Argentinien - P.W. Jacobs Exiftheater (diss.-in-progress [1978], U n i v . Vienna); M a a s , Handbuch der Exilpresse. Arch:

H A D E L . Sources: Arch, H a n d , News, Pers, Print, Qu. — IfZ.

Jacobi, Annot n é e K r i g a r - M e n z e l , p a i n t e r ; b. Berlin 27 Dec.

1894, d. M u n i c h 20 Oct. 1981. R: Protestant. E: 1933 U.S. 1956 P . R , 1967 Fed. R e p u b . Ger. Cit: 1940 U.S, fmly. Ger. F: O t t o K r i g a r - M e n z e l , b. 1865, d. I936(?), Dr. rer. nat, o. Prof. M : J a c o b a Elling, b. 1866(7), d. 1955(7), concert singer, I946(?) t o N o r w , 1950(?) to Fed. R e p u b . Ger. S : Ingrid Brebeck, b. 1897, singer. 1921 R u d o l f J a c o b i , b. M ü h l h a u s e n , T h u r i n g i a , G e r . 1889, d. M u n i c h 1972, Protestant, p a i n t e r , 1903-07 att. Atelier K u n s t a k a d e m i e Berlin, m e m . Berliner Sezession, W . W . I serv.

in air f o r c e , G e r . A r m y , 1933 to D e n . with children as guest of the a u t h o r K a r i n Michaelis, 1934 to U.S. with children, 1943 to Mex. with dtr, 1945 re-emigr. to U.S. with d t r , 1956 to P . R , 1967 to Fed. R e p u b . G e r , b o t h with wife. C : Stella, b. 1925, s c u l p t o r , illus, 1933 to D e n , 1934 to U.S, a : N o r w ; F r a n k A r n e , b. 1928, archit, a : U.S.

D t r . of the n o t e d G e r . p a i n t e r , A d o l p h v o n M e n z e l ' s a d o p t e d son. Att. priv. sch, Berlin. 1915 studied with Lovis C o r i n t h . First c o n t a c t with the pacifist m o v t . incl. — Else Lasker-Schüler a n d with the g r o u p w h i c h f r e q u e n t e d the C a f é des Westens, Berlin.

1915 t e m p , held in protective custody f o r distributing Prince L i c h n o w s k y ' s a n t i - w a r m e m o r a n d u m . 1917-19 o p e n e d studio in Oslo. H a d intl. c o n t a c t with p e a c e movt. 1918 r e t u r n e d to Berlin. M e m . S P D. 1920 c o - f d r . League for H u m a n Rights a n d t h e G e r . sect, o f W o m e n ' s League for Peace a n d F r e e d o m . F r i e n d s h i p with —- A n n e t t e K o l b a n d C a r l von Ossietzky.

1923-26 in P o s i t a n o , It. with h u s b a n d . 1926-28 s t u d e n t of An- d r é Lhote, Paris. 1928 first exhib, N e u m a n n - N i e r e n d o r f Gall, Berlin. 1927-33 b d . m e m . Verein Berliner K ü n s t l e r i n n e n a n d D i e J u r y f r e i e n . C o n t r i b . to Der Querschnitt. 1928 o p e n e d An- not Paint Sch, Berlin with h u s b a n d . 1929-33 m e m . Berliner Se- zession, D e u t s c h e r K ü n s t l e r b u n d a n d Soroptimist C l u b with

— Lotte J a c o b i , Milly Steger, a n d - Tilla Durieux. 1928-30 cy- cle of p a i n t i n g s entitled " D a s Gesicht der berufstätigen F r a u . "

1933 sch. closed a f t e r refusal to expel Jewish students. 1933 emigr. to N e w York. 1934 re-opened A n n o t s Art Sch.-with assist. of A n n M o r g a n , wife of Pierpont M o r g a n . M e m . N e w Y o r k Soc. of W o m e n Artists. Partic. in exhibs. at C a r n e g i e Inst, ( f r o m 1931), Art Inst, of C h i c a g o a n d Société A n o n y m e incl.

1934 " 1 3 W o m e n P a i n t e r s , " Pittsburgh, Penn. 1934-55 exhib.

at M a r i e S t e r n e r G a l l , N e w Y o r k . M e m . var. pacifist orgs. incl.

W o m e n ' s Intl. League for Peace a n d F r e e d o m , and Peace a n d O r d e r C o m m . of the Q u a k e r s . 1941 (after U.S. entry into W . W . I I ) , d r o p in the League's p o p u l a r i t y , resulting in increas- ing isolation. W i n d o w a n d interior designer. G r o u p s h o w s with h u s b a n d incl. " E u r . Artist T e a c h i n g in A m e r i c a , " A d d i s o n Gall, A n d o v e r , Mass. (1941); Marie H a r r i m a n Gall, N e w York (1942); Passedoit G a l l . N e w York (1943). 1945- led s u b - c o m m . f o r F o o d Parcels for E u r o p e , s h i p m e n t s incl. medicine as peni- cillin, insulin. 1956 emigr. to P.R. Close f r i e n d s h i p with Pablo Casals. 1958 exhib. with R u d o l f J. a n d others, in h o n . of P. Ca- sals, A t e n e o P u e r t o r r i q u e ñ o . 1967 r e t u r n e d to Fed. R e p u b . Ger. F r e e l a n c e artist with h u s b a n d in M u n i c h . 1968 exhib. at Gall. S c h u m a c h e r , a n d 1971 Pavilion Alter Botanischer G a r t e n , both in M u n i c h . M e m . M u n i c h Q u a k e r Org. C o o r d , pacifist movts. o p p o s i n g nuclear a r m a m e n t . 1973 Ger. Bundes- tag p u r c h a s e d the " R e i c h s t a g s s i t z u n g , " d o n e in 1930, other p a i n t i n g s were a c q u i r e d f r o m the Berlin Mus. a n d the Berli- nische Galerie. 1977 exhib. at Studio-Galerie Haus a m Lützow- platz, Berlin. 1978 exhib. at Galerie von A b e r c r o n , M u n i c h . 1978 co-signer of petition of anti-pollution c o m m . R e e d : G o l d m e d a l , 44 Y e a r Exhib. of W o m e n Painters a n d Sculptresses, F i n e Art Bldg, N e w York (1935); H o n . m e m , G e r m a n League for H u m a n Rights (1977). A: (1980) M u n i c h .

Lit: Société Anonyme, cat. (1950); Vollmer ( v o l . 2 , 1955);

Künstlerinnen International 1877-1977. cat. N e u e Ges. für Bil- d e n d e K u n s t (Berlin, 1977); Annot (Ger. T.V, C h a n n e l I,

16 Feb. 1978); Annot. cat, Galerie von A b e r c r o n ( M u n i c h , 1978). Papers: In possession of Mrs. Ebetshäuser, M u n i c h . Sources: H a n d , N e w s , Pers, Print. — IfZ.

Jacobi, Erwin R(euben), musicologist, h a r p s i c h o r d i s t ; b.

Strassburg, Alsace, G e r . (Strasbourg, Fr.) 21 Sept. 1909. R:

Jewish. E: 1934 Pal, 1952 U.S, 1953 Switz. Cit: 1970 Switz, f m l y . G e r , then f r o m 1937 P a l . / l s r . F: E u g e n J, b. Strassburg 1877, d. F r a n k f u r t / M 1933, Jewish, Dipl.-Ing, D r . r e r . p o l , b u i l d i n g engr, e c o n o m i s t , factory o w n e r . M : Margit Schweizer, b. Miskolc, H u n g . 1881, d. Theresienstadt c o n c e n t r a t i o n c a m p 1942 (1943?), Jewish. S : D o r a J, b. Strassburg 1912, d. F r a n k - f u r t / M 1935 (suicide), nurse. «> I. 1936 M a r i a n n e Israel, 1947 d i v ; II. 1951 Eva Weill, 1952 div. C: D a n i e l a Labin, b. H a i f a 1940, att. t e a c h e r ' s sem, teacher in Isr.

L e a r n e d p i a n o a n d violin as a child. 1928- s t u d i e d econ.

engr, T . H . M u n i c h ; 1929-33 at T . H . Berlin; 1933 Dipl.-Ing.

C o n c u r r . partic. in G e r . Zionist orgs. 1934 u n a b l e to w o r k as engr, emigr. to Pal. on A-I cert. Aided by priv. sources in Pal.

1934-52 w o r k e d o n c h i c k e n f a r m a n d b a n a n a grove in N a h a - r i y y a h ; m u n i c . a d m i n , with city engr's. off. in Tel Aviv. C o n - curr. 1936-52 a d m i n , w o r k f o r priv. a n d semi-priv. f i r m s ; m e m . H a g a n a h ; 1951-52 s t u d i e d music with F r a n k Pelleg a n d

(4)

558 Jacobi

music theory with — Paul Ben-Haim. 1952-53 studied musicol.

at New York Univ. with -* Curt Sachs; studied harpsichord and baroque music with Wanda Landowska in Lakeville, C o n n ; also studied at Yale Univ. 1953 emigr. to Switz. on student visa, 1957 changed to domicile with work permit; reed.

Wiedergutmachung funds. 1953- studied musicol. with — Paul Hindemith and A.B. Cherbuliez, Univ. Zurich; from 1955 res.

there; 1957 Dr.phil. Concurr. 1953-55 studied ancient music at Schola Cantorum Basiliensis: harpsichord with Eduard Müller, musical ornamentation and ensemble with August Wenzinger; 1955- priv. lect; 1962, 1966, 1970 rep. Fr. govt, at Intl. Music Soc. Congs. 1970-72 vis. prof, at Univs. Iowa and Indiana; occasional visits to Ger. Mem: Histadrut (1934-52);

Swiss Music Teachers' Assn. (1957); New Bach Soc. (recorder, panel mem.); The Galpin Soc; Dolmetsch Found« Am, Fr. and Ger. musicol. assns. Reed: Chevalier dans l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, Fr. (1975). A: (1978) Zurich.

Biblio: Die Entwicklung der Musiktheorie in England nach der Zeit von Jean-Philippe Rameau (diss, publ. Strasbourg 1957—60, later in Baden-Baden, Ger. 1971); contrib. num. arts, to eneyels, lexicons and periods, incl. Journ. of Music Theory; Literatur und Kunst; Die Musikforschung; M.G.G; Allgemeine Enzyklo- pädie der Musik; Riemann; ed. works by C. P. E. Bach, Rameau, Giuseppe Tartini, Daniel Tuerk, Joseph de Boismortier, Jo- hann Agricola, Jean Guilain and others; wrote television and radio progs; for complete list see R.F.J.I. arch; extensive list in M.G.G. Papers: At Zentralbibliothek Zurich. Lit: Librarium (Dec. 1970). Sources: Hand, Qu. - R.F.J.I.

Jacobi, Jolande (Jolan) née Székàcs, psychotherapist, author;

b. Budapest 25 Mar. 1890. E: 1938 Switz. F: Anton Székàcs, d.

suicide prior to arrest by Gestapo, industrialist, Hofrat, Ge- heimrat, 1919 to Aus. °° 1909 Andreas Jacobi, d. Holocaust 1944, Dr. jur, lawyer. C: Andrew; Ernest.

Dr. phil, Univ. Vienna. Studied with Carl Jung in Switz.

1928-38 mgg. v. près, Aus. Cult. Assn. Reed. Verdienstkreuz des österreichischen Ritterordens. 1935 decorated for cultural activities by the pres. of Aus. 1938 emigr. to Switz. 1938- priv.

practice in psychotherapy, Zurich. 1944- instr. of Jungian psych, Inst, for Appl. Psych, Zurich. 1948- fdr, mem. bd. dirs.

and instr, C.G. Jung Inst, Zurich. 1953-54 lect, in Am. univs.

1957 hon. cit. of Aus. Also lect. in Eur. Mem. of several sei. orgs.

A: Zurich.

Biblio: Die Psychologie von Carl Gustav Jung (Zurich, 1940 and subs. eds. and trans.); ed, Paracelsus 1493-1541, Selected

Writings (New York, 1951, and later eds.); ed, Psychological Reflections: An Anthology of the Writings of Carl Gustav Jung (1953, trans ); Komplex, Archetypus, Symbol in der Psychologie Carl Gustav Jung (Zurich, 1957; trans.); Der Weg zur Individua- tion (Zurich, 1965; trans.); Bildreich der Seele (Freiburg/Breis- gau, 1969); more than 100 arts, in prof, journs; for biblio. see Grinstein (vol.2, 1957; vol.7, 1964; vol. 11, 1972). Sources:

Hand, Print. - R . F . J . I .

Jacobi, Lotte (Johanna), photographer; b. Thorn, Posen, Ger.

(Torun, Pol.) 17 Aug. 1896. R: None. E: 1935 U.S. Cit: 1944 U.S, fmly. Ger. F: Sigismund J, Jewish, photog. M: Marie Lublinski, d. Berlin 1935. S: Ruth Jacobi-Roth, photog, 1934f?) emigr. to U.S. oo I. 1916 Fritz Honig, lumber merchant, div;

II. 1940 -> Erich Reiss. C: John Frank Hunter, b. Posen, Ger.

(Poznan, Pol.) 1917, prof, of numismatics, a: 1980 Deering, N.

Ham p.

1898 moved to Posen with parents. Introduced to photography early by father. L.J. was fourth generation in a fam. of photographers, grandfather had studied under Daguerre, Paris.

1912-16 studied lit, hist, of art, Posen Acad. 1916 brief separation from husband, went to Munich with son to be near fam.

1920-24 with husband again, then permanent separation.

1925-27 studied art hist, Univ. Munich. Trained as photographer under Hanna Seewald at prof. sch. of photog. ("Staatliche Höhere Fachschule für Fototechnik"). 1927 went to live in Ber- lin with son. 1927-33 collab. and soon took over father's photog. studio, Atelier Jacobi, Berlin; initially mgr. with sister. Con-

tacts with Berlin theater, literary, artistic circles; portrait photographer of famous contemporaries, writers, actors, politicians, incl. -> Kurt Weill, — Lotte Lenya, -» George Grosz, — Lion Feuchtwanger, Carl von Ossietzky, — Bruno Walter, -» Albert Einstein, -» Thomas Mann, -» Klaus Mann, -» Max Rein- hardt, Bertolt Brecht, — Fritz Lang. Contrib. to mags. Die Dame, Der Uhu, Die Schaffende Frau and others in Ger, Kodak Mag. London. 1930 partie, in exhib, " D a s Lichtbild", among others in Berlin. Paris, London and Tokyo. 1932-33 trav- elled Cent. Asia, U.S.S.R, and elsewhere. 1933 closed studio.

1934 work banned, 1935 expelled from Reichskulturkammer.

Sept. 1935 emigr. to U.S. 1936-S5 photo studio in New York with sister. Individual exhibs. at studio. Photog. Ger. émigrés in New York incl. Albert Einstein and Thomas Mann. Con- tacts with photographers, Barbara Morgan, Berenice Abbot, Alfred Stieglitz; the authors W.H. Auden, Robert Frost, Mari- anne Moore, Elisabeth Meyer, among others. Portraits incl.

Benjamin Britten, Theodor Dreiser, Ilja Ehrenburg. 1946- experiments with photogenics, encouraged by artist Leo Katz.

1952-53 worked at Atelier 17, New York. 1955 moved to Deer- ing, N. Hamp. Opened photo studio. 1963 est. gall; exhibs. of artists and photographers. 1961-62 studied New Hampshire Univ, Durham. 1962 journeys to Eur. incl. stays in Paris, where she studied etching and engraving at Atelier 17 with William Stanley Hayter. Vis. Offenbach, Fed. Repub. Ger. for an Erich Reiss Verlag exhib. 1970-71 est. with David Brooks, a photo dept. in Mus. of Manchester, N.H. In recent years changed from portrait to abstract experimental photography. Exhibi- tions: Individual exhibs. incl. "Retrospective Exhib. of Photo- graphs 1927-1959," Currier Gall, of Art, Manchester (1959);

Staatliche Landesbildstelle, Hamburg and Folkwang Mus, Essen (1973). G r o u p exhibs. in the U.S, Asia and Eur. incl.

"20th Century Portraits" (1942), "In and Out of Focus" (1948),

"Abstraction in Photography" (1951), all at Mus. of Mod. Art, New York; "Subjektive Fotografie, No. 2 and 3" State Sch. of Arts, Saarbrücken, Fed. Repub. Ger. (1955) and (1958/59);

rev. of Ger. women photographers' works since 1925 at Folk- wang Mus, Essen, Fed. Repub. Ger. (1970); "Recollections:

Ten Women of Photography," Intl. Cent, of Photog, New York (1979). Collections: Mus. of Mod. Art, New York; Folk- wangsch, Essen, Fed. Repub. Ger; M.l.T. Reed: Silver Medal, Royal Photography Salon, Tokyo (1931); First Prize, Brit. War Relief Photog. Competition, Life Mag. (1941); First Prize, N.

Hamp. Art Assn. (1970); Third Prize, N. Hamp. Art Assn.

(1972); Hon. Curator of Photog. at Currier Gall, of Art, Man- chester (1972); Hon. Doctor of Fine Arts, Univ. New Hamp- shire, Durham (1974); Hon. Doctor of Lit, New England Coll, Henniker, N. Hamp. A: (1980) Deering, N. Hamp.

Biblio: Contrib. to newspapers, mags. incl. Camera Annuals, Mod. Photog, The Complete Photographer. Encycl. of Photog.

Scientific Am, Wisdom Mag, Time. Life, Harpers, New Hamp- shire Profiles, and other periods, in Ger, U.S. and elsewhere.

Photo-illus. for school booklets and books. Lit: Retrospective cat, The Currier Gall, of Art (Manchester, 1959); The Man- chester Inst, of Arts and Sei. (1964); Menschen von gestern und heute, fotografische Porträts. Skizzen und Dokumentationen:

Lotte Jacobi, Mus. Folkwang cat. (Essen, 1973/74); Künstle- rinnen International; Margareta Mitchell, Recollections: Ten Women of Photography (London, New York, 1979); Kelly Wise, ed, Lotte Jacobi (Danbury, N. Hamp, 1979). Sources:

Autobiog, Biblio, Biog, Journ, News, Print, Pers. — IfZ.

Jacobi, Peter Paul, prof, of journalism, critic, broadcaster; b.

Berlin 15 Mar. 1930. R: Christian Scientist, fmly. Episcopalian.

E: 1938 U.S. Cit: 1944 U.S, fmly. Ger. F: Paul A. J, b. Berlin 1899, d. 1978, Lutheran, 1938 to U.S. M: Liesbeth Kron, b.

Berlin 1891, d. 1978, Jewish, att. bus. sch, 1938 to U.S. S.

(none). ~ 1956 Hattie Ackley, b. Pittsburgh, Penn. 1930, Christian Scientist, B.S.J, journ, publicist, auth. of children's stories. C: Keith Peter, b. 1957; John Wyn, b. 1961.

1938 emigr. to U.S. with fam; aided by father's brother-in- law. 1948-53 att. Medill Sch. of Journ, Northwestern Univ, Evanston, 111; 1952 B.S.J; 1953 M.S.J. 1952-53 newsed, A.B.C, Chicago. 1953-55 serv, U.S. Army. 1955-61 assignment ed. and

(5)

Jacobsthal 559

broadcaster, N.B.C. Concurr: 1957-64 opera commentator W F M Q - F M ; 1958-65 theater and film critic, WMAQ-TV, Chicago; 1961-62 ed, Musical Courier; from 1961 Chicago arts corresp, Christian Sci. Monitor. From 1963 mem. fac, Medill Sch. of Journ: 1963-66 assist, prof, 1966-69 assoc. prof, 1969- prof, also 1964-66 assist, dean, 1966- assoc. dean. 1964-70

theater critic, Hollister newspapers. 1965-80 theater and film critic, WMAQ-TV, Chicago. Mem. adv. comm. 111. Arts Coun.

From 1980 v. pres, Jack Hilton, Inc, media consults. New York.

Also active as freelance writer, broadcaster, lect. and consult.

Mem: Assn. for Educ. in Journ; Radio and Television News Dirs. Assn; Soc. of Prof. Journs; Chicago Television Acad;

others. A: (1981) New York.

Biblio: Contrib. arts, on the arts to mags, newspapers, and pe- riods. incl. Saturday Rev. New York Times and Christian Sci.

Monitor. Sources: Hand, Qu. — R.F.J.I.

Jacobs, Monty (fmly. Montague Jacobsohn), journalist, theater critic, publicist; b. Stettin, Pomerania, Ger. (Szczecin, Pol.) 5 Jan. 1875, d. London 29 Dec. 1945. R: Jewish. E: 1938 U.K.

Cit: U.K., fmly. U.K. by birth, 1914 Ger. F: Henry (Heinrich) Jacobsohn, b. Liverpool, U.K. 1842, d. Stettin(?) 1895, Jewish, businessman and ship-broker. M: Laura Salomon, b. Hamburg 1849, d. Stettin(?) 1883, Jewish. S: (half brother?) Paul Jacob- sohn, b. Berlin 1868, d. 1931, Dr. med, physician and auth. oo

1901 Dora Levysohn, b. 1880, d. London 1956, emigr. with husband. C: Heinrich (Henry) Jacobs, b. 1901, d. London 1969, employed in Brit, film indus, 1937 or before to U. K; I dtr.

1888 raised by relatives in Berlin after early death of mother and sickness of father. 1893-98 studied Ger. philol, lit. and art hist, Univs. Munich, Berlin and Heidelberg; 1898 Dr. phil, Univ. Heidelberg; concurr. partic. in student perfs. in Berlin.

Unpaid reporter for Berliner Zeitung. 1898-1900 theater critic, Berliner Morgenpost. 1901- mem. Ver. Berliner Presse and 1910- mem. of exec. bd. 1905-10 theater critic, Berliner Tage- blatt. Wrote on lit. hist, ed. var. colls, of texts and complete works. 1910 co-fdr. of Reichsverband der deut. Presse, and 1911 deleg. in Eisenach, Thuringia, Ger. 1911- mem. S.D.S.

1920 pres. and several times mem. exec. bd. Freelance work for var. newspapers and mags. 1914 theater critic, Vossische Zei- tung. Outbreak of W. W. I. interned as Brit. cit. Became natural- ized Ger. cit. and vol. for milit. serv. 1914-18 lieut, serv. at Ger.

front, reed. E.K.I, 11. 1919-33 mem. staff. Vossische Zei- tung. 1919-ed, 1921 head of feuilleton sect, 1933 dismissed as head of sect, 1933-34 contrib, 1934 full dismissal. 1937 forbid- den to write and publish. Mem. Kunstrat of Kleist-Stiftung.

Publ. works on historical and dramaturgical-aesthetic aspects of theater; as a critic, advocated method of understanding the theater in its cultural context and viewing it as an integrated or- ganism. Promoted the dramatic works of -» Carl Zuckmayer and — Erich Maria Remarque's pacifist novel, Im Westen nichts Neues (1929 trans. All Quiet on the Western Front). 1938 emigr. to London via Switz. after attacks in the Nazi press. Cul- tural polit. lects. at the Luncheon-Club of *Fritz Demuth, - . Veit Valentin among others. Contrib. to the Wochenpost, Lon- don. 1941-42 second ed. for Die Zeitung. London. 1942- instr.

at the F.D.K.B.'s Freie Deut. Hochsch. Contrib. to Freie Deutsche Kultur, London. 1943- co-fdr. and exec. mem. with

•Hans Jaeger, Club 1943. 1943- ed. of the Freie Tribune, Lon- don. 1943-45 employed by Fgn. Off, after training with Army Educ. Corps, Cambridge, being prep, for the re-educ. prog, in Ger. Mem: Ger. P.E.N. Club, London.

Biblio: Gerstenbergs Ugolino, ein Vorläufer des Geniedramas (diss, Univ. Heidelberg, 1898; publ. Berlin, 1898); Maeterlinck:

Kritische Studie zur Einführung in seine Werke (Leipzig, 1901);

Deutsche Schauspielkunst: Zeugnisse zur Bühnengeschichte klassischer Rollen (Leipzig, 1913; repr. ed. E. Berlin, 1954);

Ibsens Bühnentechnik (Dresden, 1920); Die drei Bilder der Welt:

Ein sprachkritischer Versuch, Fritz Mauthner, ed. (Erlangen, 1925); ed, Johann Peter Eckermann, Gespräche mit Goethe in den letzten Jahren seines Lebens (1823-1832) (Leipzig, Berlin, 1929); co-auth, 10 Jahre Kulturbarbarei im Dritten Reich — 10 Jahre freie deutsche Kultur im Exil (London, 1943); co-auth, In Tyrannos (London 1944); Jonathan Swift (W. Berlin, 1948);

among others. Lit: N. D. B; Joachim Werner Preuss, Der Thea- lerkritiker Monty Jacobs (1875-1945); Ein Beitrag zur Ge- schichte der neueren Theaterkritik, with biblio. (Berlin, 1965);

Friedrich, Theater: Röder, Grossbritannien: Rühle, Theater.

Sources: Arch, Biog, Hand, Print. — IfZ.

Jacobson, Edith, psychoanalyst; b. Haynau, Silesia, Ger.

(Chojnöw, Pol.) 10 Sept. 1897, d. Rochester, N.Y. 8 Dec. 1978.

R: Jewish. E: 1938 U.S. Cit: 1943 U.S. S: Erich, b. Haynau 1894(7), d. Fairport, N.Y, Dr. med, physician, emigr. to U.S.

oo (none).

Att. Univs. Jena, Heidelberg, Munich; 1922 Dr. med, Univ.

Munich. Intern, pediatrics and internal med, Univs. Heidelberg and Munich. 1923-25 resid, Univ. Munich. 1925-28 resid, Op- penheim Neurol. Clin, and psychiatry dept. Charité Hosp, Ber- lin; concurr. psychoanalytic training, Berlin Psychiatric Inst.

1928 Mem: Ger. Psychoanal. Soc. 1928-37 priv. practice of psychiatry and psychoanal, Berlin. Concurr. 1934-37 training anal, Berlin Psychoanal. Inst. I937(?) imprisoned for refusing to divulge info, on patients. 1938 emigr. to U.S. 1940-77 private practice of psychiatry and psychoanal, New York. 1940- mem, New York Psychoanal. Inst: 1942 mem. fac. and training ana- lyst, mem. educ. comm, cond. sems. and gave courses, 1954-56 près, New York Psychoanal. Soc. 1965-77 vis. prof, psychiatry, Albert Einstein Coll. of Med, Yeshiva Univ, New York. Mem:

Am. Psychoanal. Assn. Pioneer in the field of ego psychology and in the psychoanalysis of depression. A former concentration camp prisoner, her work underscored the importance of psychoanalysis as a means of understanding human disaster.

Biblio: The Self and the Object World (New York, 1964 ; Lon- don, 1965); Psychotic Conflict and Reality (New York, 1968);

Depression: Comparative Studies of Normal, Neurotic and Psy- chotic Conditions (New York, 1971); contrib. arts, to Intl. Zft.

fur Psychoanalyse, Psychoanal. Study of the Child, Psychoanal.

Quart. Journ. of Am. Psychoanal. Assn, and Intl. Journ. of Psy- chiatry; for further biblio. see Grinstein (vols. 2, 7, 11). Sources:

Hand, News, Pers, Print, Qu. — R.F.J.I.

Jacobsthal, Ernst Erich, prof, of mathematics; b. Berlin 16 Oct.

1882, d. Überlingen, Baden-Württemberg, Ger. 6 Feb. 1965. R:

Protestant. E: 1934 Norw, 1943 Swed, 1945 Norw. Cit:

Ger. F: Martin J, d. 1912, Dr. med, Sanitätsrat. M: Ida Ro- senstern. 5 : Paul Jacobsthal, oo I. 1914; II. 1948 Anne-Marie Coste, b. 1883. C: (none).

1901-05 studied math, Univ. Berlin; 1906 Dr. phil. 1913 Pri- vatdoz. 1922- a.o. Prof, of math, T.H. Berlin; 1934 dismissed.

1934 emigr. to Norw. Prof, of math, T.H, Trondheim. 1943 es- caped to Swed. 1945 returned to Trondheim and resumed teaching. Spec, in algebra and theory of linear mappings, real analysis and series theory, and the theory of numbers. Mem: Acad, of Trondheim. Reed: 1st hon. citation, Free Univ, W. Berlin (1952).

Biblio: Contrib. many arts, to prof, journs. esp. Mathema- tische Zft, Norske Videnskab Selskab Forhandling, and Zft. der Physik; for further biblio. see Poggendorff (vols. 5-7a). Sources:

Arch, Hand, News. — IfZ.

Jacobsthal, Paul Ferdinand, prof, of archeology; b. Berlin 23 Feb. 1880, d. Oxford 27 Oct. 1957. R : Christian, fmly. Jew- ish. E: 1935 U.K. For F, M and S see brother - Ernst Jacobs- thai. oo 1915 Emma Auguste Dorothée Brâunig, b. 1889, d.

1964.

Att. Univs. Berlin, Gôttingen, Bonn; M.A, and 1906 Dr.phil, Univ. Bonn. 1908-12 lect, Univ. Gôttingen. 1912-35 prof, of classical archeol, Univ. Marburg; 1935 dismissed with pension.

Concurr. 1930 co-ed. of mono, series Bilder griechischer Vasen.

1935 emigr. to U.K. 1937-57 mem. fac, Oxford Univ: 1937-42 lect, Christ Church Coll, 1947 co-ed. of series Oxford Mono- graphs on Classical Archaeology; 1947-50 univ. reader in Celtic archeol. In 1927 produced a standard textbook for the study of floral ornaments in Greek vase painting which marked a new

(6)

560 Jacoby

era in the study of ancient ornaments. Studied the influence of Mediterranean civilizations on early N. Alpine cultures, ap- plied the results of classical archeol. with its more definitive chronological framework to the problems of Celtic art. Fel:

F.B.A. (corresp.); Soc. of Antiquities (hon. fel.). Mem: Ger.

Archacol. Inst; Brit. Acad, (corresp. mem.).

Biblio: "Der Blitz in der orientalischen und griechischen K u n s t " (diss, Berlin, 1906); Theseus auf dem Meeresgründe (Leipzig, 1911); Göltinger Vasen, cat. (Berlin, 1912); Orna- mente griechischer Vasen (Berlin, 1927); co-auth, Die Bron- zeschnabelkannen (Berlin, 1929); Die melischen Reliefs (Berlin, 1930); Diskoi (Berlin, Leipzig, 1933); Gallia graeca (Paris, 1933); Imagery in Early Celtic Art (London, 1942); Early Celtic Art, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1944, 2nd ed. 1969); Greek Pins and their Connections with Europe and Asia (Oxford, 1956); contrib. arts, to prof, journs. Arch: S.P.S.L. Sources: Arch, Hand, News, Print. - R.F.J.I.

Jacoby, Eduard Georg (Peter), sociologist, philosopher, de- mographer; b. Breslau, Lower Silesia, Ger. (Wroclaw, Pol.) 3 Apr. 1904, d. Wellington, N.Z. Aug. 1978. R: Protestant; father's fam. of Jewish background. E: 1938 N.Z. Cit: 1946 N.Z, fmly. Ger. F: Felix Jacoby. M: Margarete Johanne von der Leyen, b. Bremen, Ger. 1875, d. Berlin 1956(?), Protestant, att.

univ, 1939 to U.K., 1956 to Ger. S : Hans, b. Breslau 1901, a:

Berlin. 1938 Ilse Susanne Moschel, b. Magdeburg, Saxony, Ger. 1913, Protestant, sec. educ, 1938 to N.Z. C.(none).

Att. Univs. Kiel and Freiburg/Breisgau; Dr. jur. Took year off from univ. to work under sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies in Kiel. 1933 dismissed from Preussisches Arbeitsministerium, Berlin; worked for priv. Jewish bank. June 1938 emigr. to N.Z.

Worked as laborer and acct. for educ. inst; wife worked as typist. 1940-45 acct, N.Z. Inst, of Educ. 1945-68 res. off. Dept.

of Educ. becoming first demographer in N.Z. Concurr. 1956-57 Rockefeller fel. in Princeton and London. Retired early in order to devote time to writing on sociology and philosophy;

outstanding res. on the work of Ferdinand Tönnies.

Biblio: Methods of Enrollment Projection (U.N.E.S.C.O.

publ, Paris 1959; Fr. ed. 1959); Philosophie und Soziologie (Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, 1970); Die moderne Gesellschaft im sozialwissenschaftlichen Denken von Ferdinand Tönnies (Stutt- gart, Württemberg, 1971); ed. and trans, Ferdinand Tönnies, On Social Ideas and Ideologies (New York, 1974); ed, Ferdi- nand Tönnies, Studien zur Philosophie und Gesellschaftslehre im 17. Jahrhundert (Stuttgart, 1975); contrib. arts, to prof, journs.

Sources: Pers, Print. — R.F.J.I.

Jacoby, Felix, prof, of classical philology, historian; b. Mag- deburg, Prussian Saxony, Ger. 19 Mar. 1876, d. Berlin 10 Nov.

1959. R: Protestant. E: 1939 U.K, 1956 Fed. Repub. Ger. Cit:

Ger. F: Oscar J, b. 1831, d. 1919, merchant. M: Gertrud Löwenthal, b. 1856, d. ca. 1925. <x> 1901 Margarete von der Leyen; for further info, on co and C see son Eduard Georg Jacoby.

Att. Univs. Freiburg/Breisgau, Munich and Berlin. Studied with Hermann Diels and Ulrich von Willamowitz-Moellen- dorff; 1900 Dr. phil. 1906-35 mem. fac, Univ. Kiel: 1906 a.o.

Prof, 1907-35 o. Prof, of classical philol, 1935 dismissed. 1939 emigr. to U. K. with wife. Cont. acad. work as fac. mem. of Litte- rae Humaniores, Oxford. 1956 returned to Fed. Repub. Ger.

From 1923-58 worked on magnum opus, Fragmente der griechi- schen Historiker, publishing 15 vols, of texts and commentary.

Outstanding specialist in Greek historiography and poetry, esp. Greek epics and Latin elegies. Mem: Acad, of Scis, Göttin- gen (1923); Ger. Acad, of Scis. (1930); Brit. Acad. (1945); Ac- cademia della Scienze, Turin (1958); others. Reed: Dr. h.c, Oxford Univ. (1956); hon. Senator, Univ. Kiel.

Biblio: Ed, H. Bloch, Abhandlungen zur griechischen Ge- schichtsschreibung (1956); for further biblio. see G.K. and N.D.B, (vol. 10). Lit: Navícula Chiloniensis, commemorative publ. (1956); W. Theiler Gnomon (vol.32, 1960); N.D.B.

(vol. 10). Arch: S.P.S.L. Sources: Hand, Journ, News, Pers, Print. - IfZ.

Jacoby, Heinrich Hanoch, composer, violinist, violist; b.

Königsberg, E. Prussia (Kaliningrad, U.S.S.R.) 2 Mar. 1909. E:

1933 Tur, 1934 Pal. Cit: Isr, fmly. Ger. F: Siegfried J, b. Saal- feld, E. Prussia, (U.S.S.R.) 1874. d. 1928, Justizrat, lawyer, no- tary, mem. C.V. M : Antonie Elfriede Behrendt, b. Königsberg 1879, d. Jerusalem 1968, educ. Kunst-Akad, Königsberg, 1945 to Pal. S. Paul, b. Königsberg 1905, d. 1965, 1934-39 dir. Jew- ish Gym, Berlin, 1939 to Pal, librarian in Jerusalem; Konrad, b. Königsberg 1906, lawyer, 1935 to Pal, farmer, then secy, Ben Shemen children's village, secy, Holon munie, legal adv, Min.

of Fin, legal adv, Isr. Embassy Bonn; Hans, b. Königsberg 1918, sec. educ, 1940 to Pal, bank clerk in Haifa. <» I. Sabine Wittmann, b. F r a n k f u r t / M 1907, d. Tel Aviv 1936; II. 1937 Al- ice Kanel, b. Constantinople (Istanbul) 1914, teacher. C: Eva (Hava) Nir, b. Breslau, Silesia, Ger. (Wroclaw, Pol.) 1933, graphic artist; liana Yaari, b. Jerusalem 1938, teacher; Raphael, b. Jerusalem 1944, B.A, philos, and math, computer pro- grammer; Michael Preminger, b. Jerusalem 1955, B.A. in psych.

1927-30 studied with Paul Hindemith, Staatliche Hoch- sch. für Musik, Berlin; concurr. 1927-28 att. Univ. Berlin.

1929-30 mem. of -» Michael Taube's chamber orch, Berlin.

1930-33 mem, Südwestdeutscher Rundfunk Orch, F r a n k f u r t / M ; 1933 dismissed from position. 1933 emigr. to Tur. In Istan- bul mem. of string quartet and music teacher, 1934 emigr. to Pal. on C-cert; contact with Haavarah. 1934-47 teacher. Pal.

Cons, Jerusalem. Concurr: 1934-39 mem, Jerusalem string quartet; 1936-48 mem, lead viola, chamber-orch, Pal. Broad- casting Serv. Concurr. guest, cond, Pal. Philh. Orch. and Pal.

Broadcasting Serv. Orch. 1948- mem. orch, Kol Isr. Radio.

1948-49 serv, I.D.F, incl. cond. orch. 1947-59 teacher and ad- min, New Jerusalem Cons, and Acad, of Music. Concurr.

1954-58 dir, Jerusalem Acad, of Music. 1958-74 violist, Isr.

Philh. Orch. 1974-75 artist in resid, guest prof, Technion, Hai- fa. Cond. var. Isr. orchs. incl. Kibb, Histadrut, and Haifa orchs.

Mem. of piano trio and string quartet. Mem: Histadrut ( 1948-) ; A. C. U.M. A : ( 1981 ) Tel Aviv.

Works: Orch. works incl. 3 symphonies (1944, 1955, I960);

King David's Lyre (1948); Capriccio israélien (1951); Sinfonietta (1960); Serio-Giocoso (1964); Partita Concertata (1972); Muta- tio (1975); Variations for Orchestra (1976); chamber music incl. two string quartets (1937, 1938); piano trio (1942); wind quintet (1946); solo instrument pieces such as a viola concerto (1939) and violin concerto (1942); also composed numerous songs, a cantata, piano pieces, Lieder; educ. music; for complete list to 1974 see R.F.J.I. arch. Sources: Hand, Qu. — R.F.J.I.

Jacoby, John, writer; b. 1904, d. 1963; see Straschek film biog- raphies.

Jacoby, Max, photographer; b. Koblenz, Rhineland, Ger.

8 June 1919. R: Jewish. E: 1937(?) Arg. Cit: Ger. F: Hans J, Jewish, businessman, and amateur photog, 1937(7) emigr. to Arg. with fam. M: Meta Brahms.

Studied photog, Berlin. 1937(?) emigr. to Buenos Aires. Cont.

studies. 1938-39 studied under Georges Friedmann, American School of Photography, Buenos Aires. From 1941 freelance photog. Contrib. to "Freie Deutsche Bühne," Buenos Aires, founded in 1940 by — Paul Walter Jacob, and -> Liselotte Reger. 1945(?)- publ. 2 photo documentary books, Buenos Aires. Reed, photographic commns. in S. Am. and New York for mags, and advertising agcys. 1951 co-fdr. of influential photographers group in S. Am, Group of Ten. 1957 vis. Berlin, and decided to return to Fed. Repub. Ger. Freelance photog, Berlin. Contrib. to mags, and advertising agcys. Photo essays on fashion, jazz and philh. orch. concerts, and political events.

Var. individual and group.exhibs. incl. panic, in Berlin Pavil- ion, World's Fair, New York 1964-65 and spec, exhib, " M a n and His Work," Expo '67, Montreal. Publ. num. books of photog. on artists in Berlin's "Artists in Residence" prog, on musicians of Berlin Philh. Orch, and on Marcel Marceau, and others. Reed: First prize for "The People's Heart," a photog. of

(7)

Jaeger 561

Pres. John F. Kennedy facing Berlin citizens, from Pentax, To- kyo, in largest intl. competition (1965).

Biblio: Artists in Residence: Berliner Philharmoniker; Marcel Marceau; Berlin: Impression. Lit: "M. Jacoby," Camera (vol. 48, no. 3, Lucerne, 1969); Theater im Exil ¡933-1945 (Ber- lin, 1973). Sources: Hand, Journ, Print. — IfZ.

Jacoby, Sydney B, prof, of law; b. Berlin 7 Dec. 1908. R : Jew- ish. E: 1934 U.S. Cit: 1939 U.S. fmly. Ger. F: Siegfried J, b. Ber- lin 1873, d. Berlin 1932, Jewish, Gym. educ, banker. M : Aman- da Rappaport, b. New York 1871, d. New York 1947, Jewish, sec. educ, 1905-35 lived in Ger, 1935 returned to U.S. S : »Gus- tav J, b. New York 1904, 1905-33 in Ger, Dr.jur, 1933 returned to U.S. CO 1942 Elaine Heavenrich, b. Evanston, 111. 1915, Jew- ish, social worker. C: Evelyn, b. 1946, M.S.W, psychiatric soc.

worker; Anne Heath, b. 1950, sec. educ, legal secy.

1927 att. Univ. Grenoble, Fr. 1927-30 att. Univs. Heidelberg and Berlin; 1933 Dr.jur. Univ. Berlin. 1930-33 Referendar, Berlin courts. Concurr: 1931-33 teaching assist, Univ. Berlin fac. of law; 1931-33 legal assist, law firm of Philipsborn and Gottlieb. 1933 dismissed from all positions. Mar. 1934 emigr. to U.S; reed, aid from mother's reis. 1934-36(7) res. assist, to Ed- win Borchard, Yale Univ. Sch. of Law, and to Roswell Magill, Columbia Univ. Sch. of Law. 1937-39 res. assist, to Edward L.

Thorndike, Columbia Univ. Teachers Coll. Concurr: 1937-38 att. Columbia Univ. Sch. of Law; 1939 L.L.B. 1940 admitted to New York Bar; 1958 to Washington, D.C, Bar; 1970 to Ohio Bar. 1940-57 atty. for U.S. Govt; 1940-45 for Railroad Retire- ment Bd; 1945-47 for Dept. of Interior; 1945-46 atty, Prosecu- tion Staff, Major War Criminals Trial, Nuremberg; 1947-57 for Dept. of Justice, Alien Property Litigation. 1956-68 mem.

fac. of law cent, Georgetown Univ, Washington, D.C: 1956-57 adj. prof, of law, 1958-68 prof, of law. Concurr: 1957, 1958 U.S. Govt. Counsel in proceedings before Intl. Court of Jus- tice: I960 at Univ. F r a n k f u r t / M Sch. of Law on Fulbright grant; 1963 consult, U.S. Dept. of Justice, Rotterdam proceedings; 1962-69 mem. comm. on Court of Claims, Fed. Bar Assn.

1968-75 prof, of law, Case Western Reserve Univ. Sch. of Law, Cleveland, Ohio, 1975-76 John C. Hutchins prof, of law. Con- curr: 1969-74 mem. comm. on Fed. Courts, Ohio Bar Assn;

1966, 1968 speaker, Judicial Conf, Court of Claims. From 1976 prof, Cleveland Marshall Coll. of Law. Spec, in government litigation, international and comparative law and civil procedure. Mem: Am. Soc. Intl. Law; Fed. Bar. Assn; Am. Fgn. Law Assn; Temple Emanuel, Silver Spring, Md. (v. pres. 1952-53).

A: (1979) Shaker Heights, Ohio.

Biblio: Co-auth, Government Litigation, Cases and Notes (Fairfax, Va, 1963); co-auth, Litigation with the Federal Govern- ment (Joint Committee on Continuing Legal Education of the Am. Law Inst, and Am. Bar Assn, Philadelphia, 1970); Ohio Civil Practice under the Rules, 2 vols. (Baldwin's Ohio Practice Series; Cleveland, 1970); contrib, "Court of Claims: Nature and Jurisdiction;" "Court of Claims: Procedure," in ¡Vest's Federal Practice Manual (vol. 2, St. Paul, Minn; 2nd ed, 1970);

contrib. more than 25 arts, to prof, journs; for biblio. see R.F.J.I. archs. Lit: One issue of Case Western Reserve Law Re- view devoted to S.J, incl. biblio. (vol. 27, 1976/77). Arch:

S.P.S.L. Sources: Arch, Hand, News, Qu. - R.F.J.I.

Jadassohn, Josef, prof, of dermatology; b. Liegnitz, Lower Silesia, Ger. (Legnica, Pol.) 10 Sept. 1863, d. Zurich 24 Mar.

1936. R: Protestant. E: 1933 Switz. Cit: Ger. F: Meyer J, merchant. M : Eliese Kohn. °o 1896 Margarethe Kern. C: Werner, b. Bern 1897, d. Zurich 1973, o. Prof, of dermat, Univ. Geneva;

I daughter.

1881-86 studied med. at Univs. Göttingen, Heidelberg, Leip- zig and Breslau, Silesia (Wroclaw, Pol.); 1887 Dr. med. Assist, at dermat. clin, Breslau. 1892- active in dermat. ward, Allerhei- ligen Hosp. 1896- mem. fac, Univ. Bern: 1896 a.o. Prof, of dermat, and dir, univ. dermat. clin, 1903 o. Prof. Serv. in W.W.I as head of milit. hosp. 1917 o. Prof, Univ. Breslau; 1931 retired.

1933 emigr. to Switz. because of racial discrimination. Due to

J.'s influence the Bern and Breslau clinics became centers for dermatology in Europe. I. and his student Lewandowsky dis- covered the Jadassohn-Lewandowsky-Syndrome in 1906 and together with Bloch introduced "Läppchenprobe" ("lobe test") as diagnostic aid in toxicodermata and occupational skin diseases; also specialist in pathological diagnostics and therapy of veneral diseases, which significantly influenced 1927 law to control these diseases. Mem: Dermat. Socs. of Vienna, Berlin, It, U.S, Sp, Neth. and others (hon. mem.); New York Acad, of Med, A.M.A.

Biblio: Handbuch der Haut- und Geschlechtskrankheiten (1927-1937); Krankheiten der Haut und die venerischen Krank- heiten (1901); Allgemeine Ätiologie, Pathologie, Diagnose und Therapie der Gonorrhoe (1910); num. other pubis, in prof, journs. and handbooks; further biblio. in N.D.B: G. V. Sources:

Hand, News. — IfZ.

Jaeger, Werner Wilhelm, classical philologist and philos- opher; b. Lobberich, Rhineland, Ger. 30 July 1888, d. Boston

19 Oct. 1961. E: 1936 U.S. F: Carl, d. 1909, Lutheran, factory owner. M : Helene Birschel, Lutheran, oo I. 1914 Theodora Dammholz, dec; II. 1931 Ruth Heinitz. C: With first wife, Er- hard; Otto; Heidi Groendal, Reykjavik, Iceland; with second wife, Therese Byck.

1907 att. Univ. Marburg. 1907-11 att. Univ. Berlin; 1911 Dr. phil. in classics, summa cum laude. 1911-13 res. in It, esp.

Rome, on mss. of Gregory of Nyssa. 1912-14 Privatdoz. in Ber- lin. 1914-15 at age 26, app. to Friedrich Nietzsche's fmr. chair as prof, of classical philol, Univ. Basel. 1915-21 prof, of classical philol, Univ. Kiel. 1921-36 succeeded his teacher Wilamo- witz as prof, of classical philol, Univ. Berlin. Concurr: 1924- mem. Berlin Akad. der Wiss. 1925-33 co-ed. Gnomon: 1925-36 ed, Die Antike, as second Vorsitzender of Ges. für antike Kul- tur; 1926-36 ed, Neue philosophische Untersuchungen; fdr.

Fachtagungen (biennial meetings of ancient history experts).

1934 Sather prof, of classical lit, Univ. California, Berkeley: active in educ. reform movts. 1936 Gilford Lect, Univ. St. An- drews, Scot. 1936 emigr. to U.S. 1936-39 Edward Olson prof, of Gr, and prof, of ancient philos, Univ. Chicago. 1939- univ.

prof, Harvard Univ; taught regularly until 1960; head of Har- vard Inst, for Classical Studies which Harvard Univ. had est.

for him. W.J.'s dissertation "Studien zur Entstehungsge- schichte der Metaphysik des Aristoteles" written at age 22 es- tablished his reputation as a classical scholar. It combined pre- cise philological criticism of the difficult text with a searching analysis of the growth of the work and its literary form in the context of Aristotle's concrete style of thinking and teaching. It also demolished the traditional scholastic view of the work as a systematic treatise. His lucid style of writing, continued in his enlarged study Aristoteles (Berlin, 1923), made his method of combining philological textual criticism with intellectual history and biography the standard for a renewal of classical studies in Germany. His most influential work, Paideia, begun in Ger- many and completed following his emigration to the U.S. cen- tered on the idea of education ("cultural transmission") as the core of Greek culture and postulated a "historic" Greek human- ism, a view of Greek culture as the ultimate expression of human potentiality and universal significance for Western civili- zation and beyond. In his last years, Jaeger turned his attention to links between Greek and Christian traditions ("Paideia Christi," 1958, Early Christianity and Greek Paideia. Cam- bridge, Mass, 1961). Following his emigration, W.J. was enabled by his position at Harvard University to continue to de- velop his influential writing and teaching without a major break. Fel. of num. sei. and philos. socs. and acads. in U. K, U.S, Swed, Ger, It. and Gr. Mem: Am. Philos. Soc. (elected 1944). Reed: Cmdrs. Cross, of Order of the Holy Savior, Order of King George, Gr. govt; Order of Merit, Fed. Repub. Ger.

(1955); Catholic Latin Sch. in Lobberich renamed Werner Jae- ger Progymnasium in his hon. (1959); nine hon. doctorates, incl. 1926 Univ. Manchester, U . K ; 1931 Cambridge Univ, U . K ; 1936 Harvard Univ; 1948 Univ. Athens; 1952 Univ. Sa- lonica, Ger; 1958 Univ. Tübingen, Ger; 1961 Swarthmore Coll, Penn.

(8)

562 Jaffé

Biblio: Emendationum Aristotelearum Specimen (diss, Univ.

Berlin, 1911); Nemesios von Emesa: Quellenforschungen zum Neuplatonismus und seinen Anfängen bei Poseidonius (Berlin, 1914); Aristoteles: Grundlegung einer Geschichte seiner Entwick- lung (Berlin, 1923, 1955; trans, into Eng, Sp. and It.); Paideia:

Die Formung des griechischen Menschen, I (Leipzig-Berlin, 1934; subsequent eds; trans, into Sp. and Eng), II: Paideia. The Ideals of Greek Culture II: In Search of the Divine Centre (New York, 1943), III: Paideia. The Ideals of Greek Culture III: The Conflict of Cultural Ideals in the Age of Plato (New York, 1944;

later eds. and trans.); Demosthenes: der Staatsmann und sein Werden (Berlin, 1939, 1963; Eng. ed. 1938); The Theology of the Early Greek Philosophers, Edward S. Robinson, trans, (coll.

of the Gifford Lectures of 1936; Oxford, U.K, 1947); ed, Saint Gregorius, Bishop of Nyssa's Opera Auxilio Virorum Doctorum Edenda Curavit (Leiden, 1952); Die Theologie der frühen grie- chischen Denker (Stuttgart, 1953); Two Rediscovered Works of Ancient Christian Literature: Gregory of Nyssa and Macarius (Leiden, 1954, 1965); ed, Aristoteles Metaphysica (Oxford, 1957); Early Christianity and Greek Paideia (Cambridge, Mass, 1961); complete biblio. in H. Bloch, A Bibliography of Werner Jaeger, based upon biblio. in Harvard Studies in Classical Phi- lology (vol. 63, 1958). Lit: F. Solmsen in Neue Deut. Biogra- phie (10); obits, by N. de Anquin in Humanitas (vol. 10, 1962), and by H. Bloch in Am. Philos. Soc. Yrbk. (1963); W. Schade- waldt, Gedenkrede auf Werner Jaeger, I88I-I96I. with enlarged biblio. based on H. Bloch, 1958 (Berlin, 1963). Papers:

Letters and mss. in Houghton Libr, Harvard Univ, see Spalek.

Sources: Arch, Hand, Journ, Print. — R.F.J.I.

Jaffe, Carl Heinz (fmly. Carl Heinrich Jaffe; in U.K.. Carl Jaffe; C.L. Jaffe; pseud. Frank Alwar), actor, director, radio publicist; b. Hamburg 21 Mar. 1902, d. London 6 Apr. 1974. E:

1936 U.K.. Cit: 1947 U.K, fmly. Ger. F. Carl Benedict Jaffe, Dr.

med, surg, b. Hamburg 1854, d. Hamburg 1917. M: Adele Ro- binow, b. Hamburg 1866. oo Married, wife emigr. with husband. C: 2 sons, emigr. with parents.

1920 Abitur. 1920-23 actor at Staatstheater, Wiesbaden, Hessen-Nassau, later in Kassel, Hessen and Frankfurt/M.

1930- actor in classical and modern roles at theaters in Berlin.

Occasional work under -> Max Reinhardt. Concurr. classical roles at Theater der höheren Schulen. 1920-36 mem. G.D.B.A.

1933- as "half-Jew," only occasional engagements at priv.

theaters. Actor with the Jüdische Kulturbund, Hamburg(?).

1936 emigr. to U.K. Actor at Westend theaters in London. 1937 co-fdr. of ensemble, "Die Wanderbühne" a troupe of young actors. Org. Ger. lang, perfs. for Brit, students. Actor and dir.

in perfs. for the British Army. 1942- news announcer for Ger.

section of B. B.C. After 1945 actor in num. Eng. theater prods.

Concurr. film, T.V. and radio appearances. Long-term head and designer of series of broadcasts, "Lernt Englisch im Lon- doner R u n d f u n k , " for Ger.-speaking listeners on the continent and in N.Afr.

Biblio: Co-auth. of Eng. text books; Von einer Heimat zur anderen (unpubl. autobiog.). Sources: Arch, Hand, News, Pers, Print. — IfZ.

Jaffe, George Cecil, prof, of theoretical physics; b. Moscow 16 Jan. 1880, d. Göppingen, Württemberg, Ger. 18 Mar. 1965.

R: Jewish. E: 1939 U.S. Cit: U.S. F: Ludwig Salomon Isaak J, b. 1845, d. 1923, merchant in Moscow and Hamburg. M : Hen- riette Marks, b. New Orleans, La. 1853, d. 1923. °° 1912 Paula Hegner, b. Vienna 1889, d. 1943, pianist. C: One son.

1898 Abitur, Gym, Hamburg. 1898-1903 att. Univs. Munich and Leipzig; 1903 Dr.phil. in chem, Univ. Leipzig. 1903-04 studied phys, Cambridge Univ. 1904-05 studied phys. at Curie Lab, Paris, serving as interpreter between prof. J.J. Tomson of Cambridge Univ. and Pierre Curie. 1908-26 mem. fac, Univ.

Leipzig: 1908 Privatdoz. and assist, in phys, 1916 a.o. Prof.

Concurr. 1911-12 Carnegie schol, Curie Lab. 1926-33 a.o. Prof, of theoret. phys, Univ. Giessen, 1933 dismissed with pension.

1933-39 private study in Freiburg, Baden. June 1939 emigr. to U.S. 1939-50 mem. fac, dept. of phys, Louisiana State Univ,

Baton Rouge: 1939 vis. lect, 1942 assoc. prof, 1947 prof. phys.

and theoret. chem, 1950 prof. emer. Res. in the theory and philosophy of science, esp. physics, and the conductivity of dielectric solids and liquids.

Biblio: Studien an übersättigten Lösungen (diss, Univ. Leip- zig; publ. Leipzig, 1903); "Zur Theorie der Ionisation in Ko- lonnen," Annalen der Physik (vol. 42, no. 12, Sept, 1913); Zwei Dialoge über Raum und Zeil (Leipzig, 1931); "Recollections of Three Great Laboratories," Journ. Chem. Educ. (vol. 29, no.5, May, 1952); Drei Dialoge über Raum, Zeit und Kausalität (Ber- lin, 1954); contrib. many other arts, to prof, journs, esp. Anna- len der Physik, Physik Zft, Zft. der Physik, Journ. Chem. Phys, Phys. Rev: for complete biblio. see Poggendorff (vols. 5, 6, 7a).

Arch: S.P.S.L. Sources: Arch, Hand, News. — R.F.J.I.

Jaffe, Hans Ludwig (fmly. Cohn), museum director, prof, of art history; b. F r a n k f u r t / M 14 May 1915. R: Jewish. E: 1933 Neth, 1942 Fr, 1944 Neth. Cit: 1947 Neth, fmly. Ger. F: Franz Joseph Cohn, b. Breslau, Lower Silesia, Ger. (Wroclaw, Pol.) 1880, d. Lucerne, Switz. 1952, Jewish, Dr. med, prof, 1938 to Switz. M: Olga Emma Jaffe, b. 1884, d. 1961, libr, 1938 to Switz.

S. Thea Reis.b. 1919, 1946 to U.S. oo 1947 Elly Freem.b. Ams- terdam 1920, Dr. litt, Univ. Leiden. C: (none).

1933 Abitur in Frankfurt/M. 1933 emigr. to Neth. 1933-38 studied art hist, and archeol, Univ. Amsterdam; 1937 Dr. litt.

1935-40 assist, at Stedelijk Mus, Amsterdam. 1942 during Ger.

occupation fled to Fr. Joined resistance in Clermont-Ferrand.

1944 returned to Neth. 1944-47 serv. as capt. in Dutch Army.

Thereafter returned to Stedelijk Mus, 1952-61 serving as its dep. dir. 1961- dir, Joods Historisch Mus, Amsterdam. Con- curr. 1963- prof, of art hist, Univ. Amsterdam.

Biblio: The Dutch Contribution to Modern Art (1956); De Stijl 1917-31 (Amsterdam, 1956); Picasso (New York, 1964); Mon- drian (New York, 1970). Sources: E.G.L, Hand, Qu. - IfZ.

Jaffe, Rudolf, prof, of pathology; b. Berlin 4 Oct. 1885, d.

Caracas, Ven. 13 Mar. 1975. E: 1936 (35?) Ven. F: Dr. Benno J, hon. citizen of Berlin. M: Helene Salomon, oo 1912 Emilie Fellner, b. F r a n k f u r t / M 1883, dec, Protestant. C: Helmuth, b.

F r a n k f u r t / M 1912, Abitur, emigr. to Ven, businessman;

Werner Jaffe; Erwin, b. F r a n k f u r t / M 1917, Abitur, emigr. to Ven, businessman; Ilse Jaffe de Goldschmidt, b. F r a n k f u r t / M 1921, emigr. to Ven, M.S.W, Intl. Soc. Serv.

1904-09 att. Univs. Freiburg/Breisgau, Munich, Berlin; 1909 Dr.med, Univ. Freiburg/Breisgau. W.W.I serv. in Ger. Army as physician, later as pathol; reed. E.K. II. 1919 Privatdoz. anat, Univ. F r a n k f u r t / M ; 1921 a.o. Prof. 1925-34 dir, Pathol. Inst, Munic. Hosp, Berlin-Moabit. 1936 (35?) emigr. to Ven. 1936-65 titular prof, anat. and path, Univ. Caracas, and dir. of its Pathol.

Inst. Co-ed: 1936- Revista de la Policlínica Caracas: 1940- Re- vista Sudamericana de Morfología, Buenos Aires. Res. on cir- rhosis of liver, appendicitis, tropical diseases, auto-allergy of heart. Mem: Ven. Soc. Pathol. Anat. (hon. life pres.). Reed:

Dr.h.c, Univs. F r a n k f u r t / M , Caracas; Prof, h.c, Univ. de los Andes en Mérida, Ven; Verdienstkreuz, Ger. Red Cross;

B.V.K.

Biblio: Anatomie und Pathologie der Spontanerkrankungen der kleinen Laboratoriumstiere (Berlin, 1931; ed. Bethesda, 1950); 2 arts, in Handbuch der inneren Sekretion (Leipzig, 1932); Comunicaciones sobre la bílharziosis pulmonar (Caracas, 1940); contrib. more than 200 arts, to prof, journs. Arch:

S.P.S.L. Sources: Arch, Hand, Pers, Print. — R.F.J.I.

Jaffe, Ruth, hospital dir, psychiatrist, psychoanalyst; b. Berlin 4 Dec. 1907. R: Jewish. E: 1933 Switz, 1934 Pal. Cit: Isr. and Ger, fmly Ger. F: Alfons J, b. Berlin 1881, d. New York 1948 (on vis.), Jewish, sec. educ, mfr, 1933 to Pal. M: Alice Hollander, b. Berlin 1883, d. Switz. 1952 (on vacation), Jewish, sec. educ, gymnastics teacher, 1933 to Pal. S : (none), oo (none).

1927-33 att. Univs. Berlin, Freiburg/Breisgau, Vienna, 1933 Staatsexam, Univ. Berlin. 1933 (1 month) intern in hosp. Mem.

Kameraden. Mar. 1933 emigr. to Switz; assisted by parents.