poor and limited in number (see p. 79), the chances are fairly probable that they had never
CATALOGUE: GRAVES 179 Excavation number: 128
Depth: 1.10.
Sarcophagus: L. 1.73; w. 0.625; h. 0.475; th. 0.08;
fine stucco.
Cover: L. 2.12; w. 0.825; th. 0.125; three strap holes.
Silt: 0.002.
Skeleton: well preserved; head to east.
BRONZE
155-1 (T1524). Phiale. P1. 81.
D. 0.20; d. boss 0.051; h. of boss 0.02. Fragments of floor around boss missing. Rim very narrow, incurved.
IRON
155-2 (T1530). Pin.
Much disintegrated. Described as pin or fibula. Two fragments preserved (L. 0.073 and 0.035). Found at one shoulder.
155-3 (T1531). Pin.
As 155-2. Two fragments, L. 0.057 and 0.035. Found at other shoulder.
POTTERY, CORINTHIAN
155-4 (T1527). Black-glazed skyphos, group i. Fig. 11.
H. 0.11; d. 0.167; d. foot 0.102. Apparently no color at rim; below handles, colored band (wrwrw); at mid wall, wide red line; above rays, second band (wrwrwr) foot red inside and out. The "red" really a bluish- purple.
155-5 (T1528). Black-glazed skyphos, group i.
H. 0.078; d. 0.117; d. foot 0.075. Unusually wide flaring foot. White line inside and out at rim; below handles, colored band (wrwrw), and another above rays (wrwr); red foot.
155-6 (T1529). Broad-bottomed oinochoe with figured decoration.
H. 0.155; h. with handle 0.19; d. 0.169; d. foot 0.16;
w. lid 0.088. White line at top and bottom of neck;
below first frieze, double dotted band between red lines; below second frieze, wide glazed band with colored lines at top (rw) and bottom (wr) edge; foot red. In upper frieze, swan with raised wing either side of lotus-palmette complex. Lower frieze: two goats to left alternating with two panthers to right, and dove (?) to right with head turned back. Dark red- purple for dots on necks of swans and for the usual markings elsewhere on the figures; also for alternate petals of palmettes and lower section of lotus. Lid:
reserved except for wide band at rim, inside and out;
black knob.
In its basic form the lotus palmette is the same as the Middle Corinthian example, Necrocorinthia, p.
149, fig. 55, G. Note particularly the half-opened lotus buds, which occur also on the Ampersand Painter's oinochoe in Rhodes (for the most recent study of the Ampersand Painter, with references for his oinochoe, see Benson, A.J.A., LXIV, 1960, pp. 281 ff.).
In style, as in shape, this vase may be compared to a num.be:: o: simri.ar oinochoai by th.e D)od.well
Painter and his followers (Necrocorinthia, nos. 1113 ff.). Particularly close is one in Athens, Collignon and Couve, no. 518, pl. 22. Ours may be by the same hand as the broad-bottomed oinochoe in Apollonia, which I believe is not by the same painter as the other two large vases in the same find (see further, Amyx, Hesperia, XXV, 1956, p. 75 and pl. 30). There are also close resemblances between 155-6 and the animal friezes of the kraters by the Three Maidens Painter (Benson, GKV, pp. 49f.). Cf. also 155-b below, and the skyphos in Karlsruhe, B 758, CVA, I, pl. 40, no. 8.
POTTERY, ATTIC
155-7 (T1525). Black-glazed skyphos.
H. 0.09; d. 0.136; d. foot 0.077. Below handles, wide band of bluish-purple laid over glaze; immediately above foot, similar band, laid on reserved surface;
foot unglazed; red rings on underside.
These cups are of the same shape as the Attic komast skyphoi (Beazley, ABV, pp. 23ff., and references), which in turn imitate, according to Payne, the Samos skyphoi of Corinth, dated 585-575 B.C.
(Necrocorinthia, pp. 62, 309). An example identical with 155-7 (but described as Corinthian) was found in a Middle Corinthian group, Corinth, VII, i, pl. 43, no. 354. A similar cup, but somewhat more contracted at the foot (and thus probably later), was found in an Athenian well, dated to the first two decades of the second quarter of the century (Hesperia, XXV, 1956, pp. 57-59, pi. 18, b); I am informed, however, by Miss Talcott that others of the same kind come from a well group dating to the first quarter of the century. The early date of the Attic skyphoi would mean that either the shape was developed in Athens and copied in Corinth, or that the Samos cups are earlier than Payne supposed. The latter now seems the more likely, but the time-lag in copying in either direction need not be more than a few years.
155-8 (T1526). The same. Fig. 11.
H. 0.087; d. 0.131; d. foot 0.075.
OUTSIDE OFFERINGS POTTERY, CORINTHIAN
155-a (T1516). Broad-bottomed oinochoe with fig- ured decoration. Pls. A, 85.
H. 0.222; h. with handle 0.235; d. 0.199; w. lid 0.088.
Tall thin neck with broad flange at middle, and raised area on shoulder around neck. Upper surface of flange red, two red lines on plate at base of neck;
below first frieze, double dotted band between red lines; below second frieze, glazed band with colored lines (rwr and rr and rwr); foot red. Upper frieze:
siren with head turned back between two panthers all to right, goat to left. Lower frieze: (left to right from under handle) panther right, goat left, panther right; two cocks facing palmette-lotus complex; ram and horse left, the horse riderless but bridled. Lid:
12*
© American School of Classical Studies at Athens For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
black rim, reserved triangle with black line around knob; red dot on top of knob.
Published: Art and Arch., XXIX, 1930, p. 259, fig.
14; I.L.N., August 17, 1929, pp. 286f., fig. 8; men- tioned by Payne, Necrocorinthia, p. 343. By the
Geledakis Painter. Attribution also by Amyx. One of the better efforts by the painter, and certainly the best of his published vases.
For the Geledakis painter, see Amyx, Hesperia, XXV, 1956, pp. 73ff. For a recent find of similar shape, see p. 109, note 56.
155-b (T1518). Broad-bottomed oinochoe with figured decoration.
H. 0.154; h. with handle 0.20; d. 0.168; w. lid 0.10.
Shape and subsidiary decoration exactly as 155-6, except that there is a short line of continuous zigzag below the base of the handle. Upper frieze: dove to right, head turned back, between two swans and two panthers. Lower frieze: siren with open wings to right, between panthers; also goat and third panther to left, ram to right.
This vase is painted in a style less close to 155-6, with its strong relationship to the Dodwell Painter, and nearer to 155-a, by the Geledakis Painter. Note particularly the wide-eyed panthers of 155-b in contrast to the pinched faces of those on 155-6. All three pitchers, 155-6, 155-a, and 155-b, must have been made in one shop, probably all at about the same time; the painters working in the shop, however, must have been numerous.
With 155-b should also be compared the oinochoe in Rhodes mentioned above (155-6), attributed to the Ampersand Painter by Amyx (op. cit., p. 225; see also Benson, A.J.A. LXIV, 1960, pp. 281ff.).
155-c (T1519). Figured pyxis with convex sides and no handles. P1. 88.
H. with lid 0.155; d. 0.178; d. foot 0.119; d. lid 0.105.
Peculiarly shaped pyxis, basically of standard type (Necrocorinthia, p. 306, fig. 141), but with point of greatest diameter very low. On surface of rim, double dotted band between red lines; side of rim red; on wall, top to bottom, row of tongues, the centers painted alternately black and red; triple dotted band; frieze;
band with groups of vertical zigzags and patches of dots where the band narrows; double dotted band; one red, one black line; and at base double rays, the lower series black, the upper in outline. In frieze, siren with open wings to right, between sirens with sickle wings; the same group repeated on other side; between groups, each side, lion to left and bird to right.
On lid, tongues on and around knob; below, double dotted band, frieze, and at edge, row of dots and red line. Frieze: siren with open wings between sphinxes with sickle wings; at right, and around lid counter- clockwise, panther, goat, siren, lion, all left, and panther right.
Awkward style with dots and hatched filling ornament. Probably by the same hand is Necrocorin- thia, no. 1306, pl. 28, 7, a protome pyxis in Athens;
cf. also the similar style of the pyxis, Not. Scav., 1949, p. 208, fig. 10, and the oinochoe A 206 in Brussels, CVA, I, (III C) pl. 3, no. 6. For the peculiar branched rays, cf. the skyphos, R. Lullies, Eine Sammlung Griechischer Kleinkunst, Munich, 1955, pl. 13, no. 37.
155-d (T1517). Oinochoe lid.
Not found, 1949. As the lid of 155-6, above. For extra lids, cf. Clara Rhodos, IV, p. 314, grave 178, no. 6, where it is suggested that they may have served as lamps.
GRAVE 156
Section 6 B. Pls. 20, 84, 104, 124.
Placed just to the north of 155, and another wealthy grave in the 155 family group. Full Middle Corinthian.
Excavation number: 180.
Skeleton: poorly preserved; head to east.
IRON
156-1 (T1718). Pin.
P.1. 0.071. At right shoulder, head down.
156-2 (T1725). Pin.
P.1. 0.085. At left shoulder, head down.
POTTERY, CORINTHIAN
156-3 (T1722). Pattern skyphos.
H. 0.055; d. 0.08; d. foot 0.049. Vertical zigzags at rim; below, double dotted band; at base, rays, among them one squiggle. For the squiggle, see the amphora, 141-5.
156-4 (T1723). Black-glazed skyphos, group i. Fig. 11.
H. 0.093; d. 0.146; d. foot 0.089. Glaze much worn, but below handle colored band (wrwrw ?) and perhaps same above rays; rays widely spaced.
156-5 (T1720). Figured kylix. P1. 84.
H. 0.094; d. 0.163; d. foot 0.059. Black line at top of lip; below frieze, four narrow reserved lines; foot black with two red lines. A: large eagle flying right between two griffinbirds with raised wings; at left, under handle, panther to right. B: swan to right between two sirens, all with raised wings; at left, dove right, head turned back. Interior: reserved line at lip above two red lines; two others at edge of floor, and third red pair around whirligig with six arms alternating red and black.
Published: A.J.A., XXXIII, 1929, p. 545, fig. 24.
By the same hand as 167-c. Amyx, p. 228, note 49, compares the style of this with the New York protome pyxis, Necrocorinthia, no. 1309 (Amyx, pl.
© American School of Classical Studies at Athens For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
CATALOGUE: GRAVES 181 31f.). Benson, GKV, p. 57, no. 4 a, lists it as in the
manner of the Bird Frieze Painter.
156-6 (T1716). Black-glazed broad-bottomed oino- choe with lid.
H. 0.14; h. with handle 0.184; d. 0.164; d. bottom 0.16; w. lid 0.093. Standard shape with low wide neck. On shoulder, colored band (wwrww, the red wide); another on lower body (wrwrw); foot red and white. Lid as 155-6.
156-7 (T1724). Black-glazed broad-bottomed oino- choe with lid.
H. 0.137; d. 0.149; d. bottom 0.145; w. lid 0.06.
Standard body, but very thin, comparatively high neck. On shoulder, colored band (wrwrw); foot red.
Tall knob on lid.
156-8 (T1715). Handmade unglazed oinochoe.
P.h. 0.092; d. 0.114. Neck, mouth and handle missing.
156-9 (T1717). Figured aryballos. PI. 124.
H. 0.06; d. 0.059. Rings on mouth and bottom, circle under handle. Three komasts with drinking horns to right; dot rosettes in field.
Cf. the example in Reading, CVA, I, p. 8, pl. 4, no. 6, dated by Mrs. Ure to the early sixth century.
156-10 (T1721). Pattern pyxis with concave sides.
H. with lid 0.088; d. 0.079. At rim, Z-pattern; below, purple and black bands, double dotted band between purple lines at middle, more bands, and thick vertical lines at base; handles purple. Inside glazed except for two reserved bands. On lid, similar dotted band between black and purple lines; wide black and purple lines on knob.
156-11 (T1719). Pattern pyxis with convex walls.
H. with lid 0.088; d. 0.099. On bowl, two bands of three rows of dots each, black and purple lines between; rays at base; foot black. On lid, similar patterns, and rays around knob; edge purple.
GRAVE 157
Section 7 B. Pls. C, D, 16, 23, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 90, 104, 124.
An early sarcophagus containing a Roman burial (504) but surrounded by the offerings deposited with the first interment. Part of the 155 family group, and probably the most interesting grave in the Cemetery.
There is no question about the presence of the secondary burial. Much of the wall in the south end of the coffin had been cut away, and the legs of the skeleton were found extended through the opening, resting on the four centimeters of wall which remained at the bottom of the cutting (Pls. 16, 104). The feet were protected by a poros slab, which served as an extension of the sarcophagus lid (but at a level 9 cm.
lower than the cover), and which was supported by a crude wall of rubble. With the skeleton were found a Roman unguentarium (504-1) and an archaic
stemmed bowl, the twin to one found outside. There were no traces of the early skeleton. For the break in the sarcophagus, and its resemblance to fourth- century cuttings, see 504.
The early offerings were ranged along the west side of the sarcophagus, just below the level of the cover, and at the two short ends (P1. 16). On the west and north, the pots were set upright against the sarcoph- agus wall and were in a remarkably good state of preservation, most of them intact. At the south, the vases had been broken during the construction of the Roman extension, and fragments were incorporated into the rough walls. One fragment was found above the grave, at a depth of 0.50, a part of a phiale (157-e) which is by the same hand as 157-d. Also above the grave, at 0.75, was found a Hellenistic coin (X-39).
The fragment of the phiale would suggest that there had originally been more offerings, but whether inside or out is not known. One may speculate, at least, that there may have been jewelry inside, since the pyxides indicate the grave of a woman, and it seems reasonable to suppose that there were more pots, in view of the placement in 155 etc. There may also have been offerings on the cover, as in 128 and 172.
Note also the extra pyxis lid, 157-s. The chances are fairly good that the east side was left free in the sixth century, no doubt to facilitate the placement of the cover. The pieces found in the rubble walls of the extension show that these Romans, at any rate, were not interested in the ceramic form of Necrocor- inthia; it is of course possible that their activities account for the absence of bronzes, but the few and quite dull bronzes of the early sixth century found in the Cemetery do not seem likely to have aroused the passionate collecting in Rome described by Strabo and Pliny (Necrocorinthia, pp. 348 ff.). Why the Romans chose the single Greek vase to supplement their own meager offering is a question that cannot be answered. Probably it was mere indifference, but it may be noted that the unusual fabric of this pot is in color not very different from that of the un- guentarium.
Quite apart from the circumstances of finding, the offerings in this grave are of unusual interest. It is remarkable to find so many pyxides and only a single skyphos. It is odd, too, that there is one certain non-Attic import, and perhaps others (157-1, w, x). The number of objects is twenty-five, a number greater than in any other grave in the Cemetery, and an unusual proportion of them are well-drawn figured vases. The protome pyxis was no doubt one of the most expensive pots on sale in the shops in Corinth.
The grave probably dates to the decade 580-570 B.C., although some of the vases may be somewhat earlier.
Published: A.J.A., XXXIII, 1929, pp. 542ff., figs.
19-21; Art and Arch., XXIX, 1930, p. 258, fig. 11;
© American School of Classical Studies at Athens For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
I.L.N., August 17, 1929, pp. 286f., figs. 5, 7. Most of the vases are mentioned by Hopper, B.S.A., XLIV, 1949, pp. 162ff., where the year of publica- tion in the A.J.A. is cited consistently as 1930.
Excavation number: 139.
Depth: 1.20.
Sarcophagus: L. 1.17; w. 0.475; d. 0.37; th. 0.07;
fine stucco; break in south end.
Cover: L. 1.42; w. 0.66; th. 0.125; cracked; no strap holes.
Orientation: north-south.
POTTERY, CORINTHIAN
157-1 (T1593). Stemmed bowl.
H. 0.069; d. 0.112; d. foot 0.077. Reddish clay, pos- sibly Corinthian, dull red glaze. Low bowl with offset rim, short thick stem, flat disk foot. Purple on top and side of rim; below offset, white line; inside, colored band (wrw) below rim, another at mid wall;
white and red lines on floor.
Although I know of no parallel for this exact shape, the stemmed bowl was a shape used by the Corinthian potters: Musee Rodin, CVA, pl. 6, nos. 4, 5; Louvre, CVA, VI (III C a), pl. 10, no. 10. Cf. also Necrocor- inthia, nos. 719 A, 915, 1015. Though the fabric is not certainly Corinthian, the use of added red and white makes it quite certain that this bowl and 157-w are not Roman, and so must belong to the period of the rest of the pots found outside. A parallel piece, of similar shape and decoration, but apparently of finer quality, was found in Athens in the Keramei- kos, Jahrb., LXI-LXII, 1946-1947, pl. 10, no. 27;
no. 26 in the same illustration is much shallower.
OUTSIDE OFFERINGS POTTERY, CORINTHIAN
157-a (T1509). Figured skyphos. P1. 83.
H. 0.076; d. 0.114; d. foot 0.051. Rather deep cup with small foot. At rim, vertical zigzags; at base, long rays. Frieze: panther to right, owl left, doe left with enormous ear to left. Red details as usual on animals; red dots on owl's neck and top of wing;
left eye only red.
By the Group-dance Painter. Cf. the aryballos in Dunedin, A.J.A., LX, 1956, p. 226, pl. 72, fig. 26.
For other works by this painter, see Benson, GKV, pp.
38f. Note the long zigzag on the hind foot of the panther, also found on his other pieces.
157-b (T1515). Pattern kalathos.
H. 0.028; d. 0.046; d. bottom 0.02. Straight walls tapering to flat bottom; thin horizontal lines of glaze inside and out. As 128-f, but an extra line on wall.
157-c (T1589). Figured kylix. P1. 84.
H. 0.07; d. 0.176; d. foot 0.067. Exterior: rim reserved except for red line at top; below frieze, wide and narrow black lines; foot glazed. A: eagle flying to right between griffinbirds with sickle wings; at left,
swan to right. B: swan to right between sirens, all with raised wings; at left, swan to right. Interior:
reserved line at rim with one red at lower edge; two red lines on floor, two more around whirligig with three red, three black arms in reserved circle. By the same hand as 156-5.
157-d (T1598). Figured phiale. P1. 84.
H. 0.032; d. 0.172. Broken; omphalos missing.
Shallow bowl, with two suspension holes pierced at rim. Exterior: concentric bands at rim and around area of boss; most of wall imbricated, scales outlined by double incised line and colored alternately red and white (the white a small dot on black). Interior:
black lines at rim and around boss; frieze of two sirens facing floral ornament, panther to left, cock right, goat left, lion right.
Cf. the similar phiale by another hand, Clara Rhodos, IV, p. 54, fig. 29. Closer in style, but probably not by the same painter, is the example in Providence, CVA, I, pl. 5, no. 11, attributed by Benson, GKV, p. 54, to the Herzegowinamaler.
157-e (T1578). Fragment of a figured phiale. P1. 84.
H. 0.042; est. d. 0.164. Patterns exactly as above.
Preserved: goat left, parts of two panthers right. By the same hand as 157-d.
157-f (T1510). Broad-bottomed oinochoe with figured decoration. P1. C.
H. 0.177; h. with handle 0.181; d. 0.154; w. lid 0.102.
Unusually large mouth for this shape, and sloping shoulder. White dots on edge of mouth; five white dot rosettes on neck; between friezes, one black, one red line; below second frieze, black band with colored lines (wrw?); rays at bottom; foot red. Upper frieze:
siren with open wings to right, head turned back, between panthers; also swan right and ram left.
Lower frieze: lotus-palmette complex between sirens with sickle wings, and panthers; swan right, goat left. Red for sirens' faces. On lid, entirely glazed, three white dot rosettes; white ring around knob, and top of knob white.
Another large oinochoe from the Dodwell Painter's school. Another, but with less sloping shoulder ap- pears in Brussels, CVA I (III C), pl. 3, no. 4. For the floral, cf. Necrocorinthia, p. 149, fig. 55, G. The style, although also connected with the Dodwell group, is much more delicate than that found on the other big oinochoai (155-6, 155-b). In many of the details of the drawing, the style is reminiscent of the work of the Kalinderu Group (Benson, GKV, p. 47).
157-g (T1590). Handmade unglazed oinochoe.
H. 0.124; h. with handle 0.146; d. 0.112.
157-h (T1582). Bottle with figured decoration. P1. 86.
H. 0.125; d. 0.087. Stout ovoid body with short neck tapering upward; ridge at base of neck; two holes for suspension below rim. On neck, from top down,
© American School of Classical Studies at Athens For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
CATALOGUE: GRAVES 183