poor and limited in number (see p. 79), the chances are fairly probable that they had never
CATALOGUE: GRAVES 183 bands of Z-pattern, net, vertical zigzag; on body,
tongue pattern, Z-pattern, row of dots; below frieze, row of dots, and, on bottom, whirligig. Frieze: on either side, between panthers, dancer to left, looking back. Incised zigzag down thigh of figures. Purple on chitons of dancers; also on necks, bellies, hips of panthers; the alternate arms of the whirligig are also purple, but laid not on black but directly on the surface of the clay.
One of the earliest vases in the group, and in style not far from that of the pyxides, 157-m and 157-n below. Referred to by Amyx, p. 226. For the shape of this and the other two bottles (157-i and 159-8), see p. 112, note 67. Another bottle with whirligig on the bottom is Necrocorinthia, no. 1071 (Berlin 1151).
157-i (T1512). Bottle with pattern decoration.
H. 0.1805; d. 0.124. Long cylindrical neck sharply offset from nearly globular body; broad flat bottom without foot. Rim red; two bands of red bordered by black on neck; another on shoulder; narrow black line at base of neck.
Cf. the aryballos in the same technique, Hesperia, XXV, 1956, p. 357, no. 15, pl. 53. For the shape, see p. 112, note 67.
157-j (T1592). Figured aryballos. P1. 124.
H. 0.056; d. 0.057. Broken, surface much worn.
Tongues on mouth, dots at edge; tongues on shoulder;
cross bars on handle; on bottom, rosette of seven petals. On body, cock to right; above, one rosette, double-centered and whirling, a second to right, and a simple filler by feet.
The cock is similar to Necrocorinthia, no. 268, p. 75, fig. 20, E (Early Corinthian), but somewhat more developed, and the rosettes are surely later.
157-k (T1584). Quatrefoil aryballos.
H. 0.052; d. 0.054. Reserved petals on mouth.
157-1 (T1585). The same.
H. 0.052; d. 0.054.
157-m (T1513). Figured pyxis with protome handles.
Pls. D, 86, 87.
H. with lid 0.18; d. 0.17; d. foot 0.123. Black bands inside and on top surface of rim; on outside of rim, slanting checkerboard pattern; neck red; frieze on shoulder divided by protomes; below, double dotted band; another below main frieze; rays at base. On underside, concentric rings around black dot.
Shoulder frieze: (a) between sphinxes with sickle wings, small siren to right, head turned back, wings closed; (b) siren with open wings to right, and small bird to left; (c) dove to right, head turned back, between griffinbirds, one with open, one with sickle wings. Main frieze: four panthers left and one right, alternating with two goats, one ram, and two doves right, both with heads turned back. Lid: around knob, rays, double dotted band, and frieze; on knob, rosette of ten reserved petals within purple and
black band. Frieze of lid: tiny eagle flying to right between sirens with lifted wings; four panthers left, alternating with three goats and one panther to right.
Protomes: wavy hair over forehead, in steps at sides; high arched eyebrows, bulging eyes with heavily modelled lids; long nose, deep chin, and large flat ears; dress purple, with reserved areas to represent the arms, which are not modelled. The peculiar shape of the upper lip is presumably the result of a small break in the mould. British Museum, 73. 10. 12. 1, Necrocorinthia, no. 887.
Probably not by the same painter is the pyxis in a similar style, Berlin 4507, Necrocorinthia, no. 882;
note, however, the same use of small sirens with closed wings in the upper frieze. Both styles owe much to the painter of the Early Corinthian bowls, Necro- corinthia, nos. 716, 717. Further examination might show that the two lids from the Argive Heraeum (Hesperia, XXI, 1952, pl. 52, nos. 169, 171) are also by the same painter as 157-m.
The protomes very closely resemble the heads on two other pyxides, Necrocorinthia, nos. 880 and 881 (Louvre MNB 625, CVA, VI (III C a), pl. 11, 1-3;
and Copenhagen 1632, CVA, II (III C), pl. 89, no. 8);
I do not feel that they are quite so closely related to the heads of the British Museum pyxis 73.10.12.1, a connection mentioned by Amyx, p. 214. Ours can- not be from the same mould as Necrocorinthia, nos.
880 and 881, even if one takes into account the break in the upper lip and the apparent reworking of the mouth. But the moulds of all three pieces must have been made at about the same date, which Payne placed at about 600 B.C. (Amyx, p. 213, puts 880 and 881 in his MC 1 group). At the other extreme, Benson observes that the heads on the British Museum pyxis 73.10.12.1 (Necrocorinthia, no. 887) are probably from the same mould as those of Louvre E 602, which he dates ca. 560-550 (A.J.A., LX, 1956, p. 229). I think it quite possible that the Cemetery pyxis was using heads from moulds ten to twenty years old, and that the painting may be perhaps five years earlier than that by the same hand on the British Museum pyxis, but 157-m should not be placed any later than 580 B.C. (see also Hopper, p.
214), and the British Museum piece must belong at the latest to the very end of the Middle Corinthian period. In connection with the long use of terracotta moulds, it is instructive to read Mrs. Stillwell's very pertinent comments on two pieces from the Potters' Quarter, KH 9, a later example of the same mould type as KH 8, which she dates to the first quarter
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of the sixth century, and which she compares to the heads of the British Museum pyxis 73.10.12.1 (Corinth, XV, i, pp. 90f., nos. 7, 8).
By way of postscript, attention may be called to the very close correspondence between the profiles of the heads of 157-m and its companion pieces, and that of the beautiful bronze plaque, Olympia Bericht, II, pl. 56. The Corinthian connections seem at least as strong as the Ionian suggested by the author.
Note: Since the above went to press, I have received two important articles by D. A. Amyx, one on the Honolulu Painter (Antike Kunst, V, 1962, pp. 3ff.), and one on the Medallion Painter (A.J.A., LXV, 1961, pp. Iff.). Both contain much information that is pertinent to the attribution of the Cemetery vases.
The author's argument for assigning the British Museum head pyxis 73.10.12.1 (Necrocorinthia, no. 887) to the Honolulu Painter is convincing, and this new grouping would seem to exclude 157-m.
157-n (T1587 and T1596). Figured pyxis with convex sides. Pls. 86, 124.
H. 0.119; h. with lid 0.141; d. 0.128; d. foot 0.082;
d. lid 0.096. Nearly half of wall missing; glaze almost completely worn. Shape as the protome pyxis, 157-m, but without the heads. Top of mouth purple; on side of mouth and on neck, Z-pattern; on shoulder, tongues and triple-dotted band; below frieze, similar band and long rays; on underside, concentric rings.
Frieze: goat or stag to left, panther right, goat left, second panther right; the usual filling ornaments including double-centered rosettes. Cover (T1587):
tongues on and around knob; triple dotted band between groups of narrow black lines; dots on vertical edge.
The incision and painting are very carefully done, and resemble the style of the protome pyxis above;
the proportions of the animals are somewhat different, but this may be due to the greater height of the frieze, and the smaller circumference of the vase.
Even closer in style is the pyxis with vertical handles in Boston, MFA 31.637; ours may be an earlier piece by the same painter.
157-o (T1599). Figured pyxis with convex walls. P1.
88.
H. 0.115; d. 0.136; d. foot 0.095. Squat round body with short neck and flat projecting rim; two small loop handles set vertically on shoulder. On neck, horizontal wavy line; vertical wavy line on each handle; on upper body, each side, large siren to right with extended wings; a few large irregular filling ornaments; below, row of large rosettes with three purple segments; above foot, five closely set black lines. On underside, concentric circles.
Group of the Scale Pattern Painter. Noted by Amyx, p. 231, note 112; see also pp. 222f. For the painter, Benson, GKV, pp. 43f.; for the shape, Necrocorinthia, nos. 916-919, and Hopper, p. 211, no. 2. Add now
Karlsruhe B3027, CVA, I, pl. 41, 2, and Oxford 1938.
731.
157-p (T1508). Pattern pyxis with convex sides and vertical handles.
H. with lid 0.132; d. 0.131; d. foot 0.08. Low round- ed bowl with small foot; high domed lid with low knob. At rim, row of dots; in handle zone, vertical zigzags; below, wide purple lines alternating with dotted bands (from top down, single, double, triple, double). Same decoration on lid except that all dotted bands are double.
From the same shop, no doubt by the same hand, as 157-q. Very similar is Heidelberg 130, CVA, I, pl.17, 11.
157-q (T1583). Kotyle-pyxis with pattern decoration.
H. with lid 0.137; d. 0.134; d. foot 0.067. Bowl shaped like a deep skyphos with inset rim and reflex handles.
Domed lid with high turned knob. Decoration as 157-p, but all dotted bands double.
From the same shop as 157-p. A very late example of the shape (see Necrocorinthia, p. 296).
157-r (T1511). Pattern pyxis with concave sides.
H. with lid 0.11; d. 0.101. Very slight concavity to walls; high turned knob on nearly flat lid. Handles dotted; at rim, groups of three vertical zigzags;
below, two very carelessly drawn double dotted bands.
On lid, similar band between wide lines; black rings on knob. Inside box, three wide black rings. No added red now visible.
157-s (T1514). Lid from a pattern pyxis.
H. 0.041; d. 0.047. Shape and decoration (but better drawn) as the lid above, with additional row of dots on edge of lid and on knob; on top of knob, cross within circle.
The pyxis to which this lid belonged may have been lost in the Roman disturbance, but note the extra oinochoe lid, 155-d.
157-t (T1586). Powder pyxis with pattern decoration.
PI. 88.
H. 0.059; d. 0.105. On wall of cover, wide reserved band with groups of vertical zigzags; above and below, narrow dotted line; at lower edge, band of purple; on top of lid, two similar bands of zigzags (the groups of the inner band separated by dotted circles), and also a zone of triangles; at outer edge, purple band.
Cf. the Boston pieces, Fairbanks, pl. 44, nos. 441 and 442.
157-u (T1588). Pattern pyxis with convex walls and no handles.
H. with lid 0.064; d. 0.068; d. foot 0.047. Small, very squat body; conical lid with heavy knob.
Tongues on shoulder; on body, row of crosshatching between broad glazed bands. On lid, tongues at edge and on knob; around knob, double dotted band. No added color preserved.
For the shape, cf. Copenhagen, CVA, II, pi. 84, 6.
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CATALOGUE: GRAVES 185 157-v (T1591). Pattern pyxis with convex walls and
no handles.
H. with lid 0.062; d. 0.065; d. foot 0.041. Similar to 157-u, but flatter lid, rounder body; row of cross- hatching just below rim; on body, two bands each with two rows of dots. Traces of purple.
157-w (T1597). Stemmed bowl.
H. 0.081; d. 0.117; d. foot 0.073. As 157-1, but nar- rower stem. Color better preserved: purple on top and edge of rim; below rim, wide purple band be- tween narrow white lines. Inside, colored lines (wrw) below rim, a similar band on floor; white dot at middle of floor.
POTTERY, OTHER
157-x (T1595). Plastic vase in the shape of a siren.
P1. 90.
H. 0.104; L. 0.125. Back of head and large fragment of side missing. Brick-red clay; traces of white and dull red color. Round vase-mouth on top of head;
small triangular handle with tab on back; hair arranged in a wide band of tiny curls over forehead and falling from behind ears in long corkscrew curls, two over each shoulder, the rest evenly spaced in back. The face rather flatly modelled. Around the neck is what appears to be a chain and pendant.
Wings and feet only summarily modelled.
One of the earliest of a long series of siren vases.
For complete bibliography, see A. Laumonier, De'los, XXIII, p. 85, nos. 174, 175; and Higgins, BMC Terracottas, pp. 52ff., nos. 75-78. Few of the parallel pieces show the winsome quality of the Cemetery example, created by the large eyes, the pronounced smile, and especially the turn of the head. Cf., in particular, Munich 5202 from Corinth, CVA, III, pl.
151, nos. 4, 5, also with short tail and dotted hair;
similar, too, are the examples, Thera, II, p. 26, fig.
66; Boehlau, Nekropolen, pl. 2, no. 1, from Samos;
Higgins, BMC Terracottas, pl. 16, no. 77, from Rhodes;
and Clara Rhodos, III, pp. 194f., fig. 193 = CVA, II (II D o), pl. 1, no. 6.
GRAVE 158 Section 7 A.
The grave, which had no offerings, is undatable, but the sandstone cover and the very thick walls indicate an early date, and the grave is probably the earliest in the 155 cluster. The lack of contents is probably the result of robbing, since the cover was described as completely broken in, and there is no evidence of re-use. Compare 216 and 217 to the north, and 223 to the south.
Skeleton: much disintegrated; head to east.
GRAVE 159
Section 7 B. Pls. 24, 79, 83, 104.
A sarcophagus in the same family group as 223 and the re-used 145 and 146; and perhaps a part of the larger group, 222, etc. A contemporary child's grave may be represented in the Deposit 43 just to the west. One of the rare graves with jewelry, 159 also contains several pyxides and a single skyphos, a selection similar to that of 157. All the tiny objects were found near the south end of the grave together with the fragments of the skull. About the middle of the first quarter of the sixth century.
Excavation number: 468.
Skeleton: much disintegrated; head to south.
SILVER
159-1 (G2358). Unidentified object.
Very tiny, thin flat fragments. Inventoried as a silver obol, but at this date probably a part of the jewelry.
BRONZE
159-2 (T3235). Eyelet.
L. 0.005; d. 0.008. Concave sides, fine scorings at each rim.
BONE AND IRON
159-3 (T3233). Fibula. P1. 79.
L. 0.055; w. 0.026; iron: L. 0.053; w. 0.01. Flat bone plaque consisting of two large disks with two smaller ones between; sunken circle in each disk; row of fine concentric circles between lines incised around depres- sions. Iron attachment of fibula form.
Similar to Blinkenberg, Fibules, p. 266, fig. 311; cf.
also Hesperia, IX, 1940, p. 426, fig. 79, 2, from Halai;
Artemis Orthia, pl. 132, nos. 4-9; Lindos, I, pl. 9;
and Delos, XVIII, pl. 86, nos. 728-730. For the Ephesos group, see Hogarth, pl. 32, and Jacobsthal, J.H.S., LXXI, 1951, p. 86, and note 6.
GLASS
159-4 (T3234). Bead.
H. 0.009; d. 0.012. Globular, hollow bead of purple glass, not pierced, but opening on flattened under side.
POTTERY, CORINTHIAN
159-5 (T3238). Figured skyphos. Fig. 11, P1. 83.
H. 0.094; d. 0.122; d. foot 0.049. Very deep with small splayed foot. At rim, net pattern, stopped at handles by star in metope. Above frieze, band of four rows of dots between black and purple lines, the purple overlaid on the top and bottom rows of
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dots; below frieze, similar band of three rows of dots;
at bottom, double rays; foot purple. Frieze: siren to left with extended wings, between sphinxes with sickle wings; two lions to left.
Cf. Hesperia, I, 1932, p. 70, fig. 14, precisely similar in shape except for the rounded foot, and similar in effect from the combination of narrow frieze and patterns; by a different hand, however.
159-6 (T3236). Black-glazed oinochoe with small foot.
H. 0.127; h. with handle 0.135; d. 0.113; d. foot 0.06. Thin cylindrical neck, high rounded shoulder.
At shoulder, wide red band between single white lines; at middle body, second colored band (rwr);
white line at join of foot; no rays; foot red. At shoulder, two vertical incisions near handle, apparent- ly where the painter began and abandoned a series of incised tongues.
159-7 (T3239). Black-glazed globular oinochoe.
H. 0.088; h. with handle 0.095; d. 0.091; d. foot 0.064. More compact body than usual, with point of maximum diameter comparatively high. Colored lines (wrw) preserved on shoulder only.
Possibly a hybrid, but more likely a not yet fully developed form of the standard shape (p. 110).
Apparently mid-way between the shapes of 159-6 and 159-7 is the example from grave II near the Diolkos at the Isthmos, Ath. Mitt., LXXI, 1956, pp. 57f., Beilage 41.
159-8 (T3240). Bottle with pattern decoration.
H. 0.11; d. 0.071. Continuous gradual curve between neck and body; holes for suspension just below rim.
Horizontal lines at rim, long tongues on upper part of neck; on body,three wide bands of dots; between bands, groups of three horizontal lines. No color preserved.
For the relative date, see p. 112 note 67.
159-9 (T3230). Warrior aryballos.
H. 0.064; d. 0.06. Band on edge of mouth; spear behind shoulder, white dots on shield.
159-10 (T3232). The same.
H. 0.06; d. 0.059.
159-11 (T3231). Kotyle-pyxis. Fig. 12.
H. with lid 0.113; d. 0.104; d. foot 0.051. Skyphos- shaped bowl with small reflex handles; slightly domed lid with high turned knob. On bowl, narrow band of S-pattern at rim, another at mid wall; below each, wide black band (no color preserved); widely spaced rays at base. On lid, one row of S-pattern between vertical zigzags; on top, between concentric bands, four crudely drawn animals without incision, probably
a bird, a horse, and two goats, all to right. Red for lines on top and for bottom edge of cover.
159-13 (T3237). Tripod pyxis with pattern decoration.
H. 0.054; h. with lid 0.092; d. 0.094. Shallow bowl with projecting rim; almost flat lid with high turned knob (small for box). On bowl, red rim, reserved panels above each foot outlined by narrow band of hatching. On lid, row of S-pattern between concen- tric red bands; red and black lines on knob.
GRAVE 160
Section 7 B. Pls. 24, 92, 104.
A comparatively isolated sarcophagus, but possibly related to the 128 cluster to the north and west.
From the two complete sets of vases, one with large, one with small pots, it is likely that this was the burial of a mother and child. Though the grave is small, it would be quite large enough for an adult and an infant; cf. grave 191, of a comparable size, and with the skeleton filling hardly more than half the area of the sarcophagus (P1. 105). Approximately the middle of the first quarter of the sixth century.
Excavation number: 463.
Missing, 1949. Small bronze fragments found in northwest corner of grave.
IRON
160-2 (T3205). Two pins.
Disintegrated. Found in southeast corner.
POTTERY, CORINTHIAN
160-3 (T3200). Black-glazed skyphos, group i. P1. 92.
H. 0.085; d. 0.125; d. foot 0.077. White line at rim, inside and out; below handles, colored band (wrwrw), and another above rays (wrwr); foot red inside and out.
160-4 (T3198). Black-glazed skyphos, group ii.
H. 0.087; d. 0.122; d. foot 0.07. White line at rim, inside and out; wide red band (no white) below handles, another above rays; foot red inside and out.
Cf. the Attic skyphos, 155-7.
160-5 (T3201). Miniature pattern skyphos.
H. 0.023; d. 0.04.
160-6 (T3196). Broad-bottomed trefoil oinochoe with pattern decoration.
H. 0.107; h. with handle 0.12; d. 0.105. Thin neck, sloping shoulder. On shoulder, incised tongues with color (rbwbrbw...); below, wide black band with colored lines (wrw and wr), two rows of dots, plain
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CATALOGUE: GRAVES 187