Dr. Martin Kleban, LANXESS GmbH 05.10.2017
Der Zulassungsantrag nur als Übergangslösung? Bericht
aus erster Hand
Agenda
Einleitung: Cr(VI) Chemikalien
Fallstudie 1: Use of sodium dichromate as corrosion inhibitor in ammonia absorption deep cooling systems (0042-01) Fallstudie 2: Functional Chrome Plating (0032-02)
Fallstudie 3: Plating on Plastics for Automotive Applications (PoPAA) (0071-01) / Functional chrome plating with decorative character (0032-03)
Fallstudie 4: Passivation of tin-plated steel (ETP) (0032-06) Zusammenfassung und Schlussfolgerungen
Ein Stoff, der auf Annex XIV der REACH Verordnung gelistet ist darf nach Ablauf des Sunset Date nur noch verwendet werden,
wenn
eine Zulassung erteilt wurde, und
der Anwender angemessene und wirksame Maßnahmen ergriffen hat, um Mitarbeiter, Umwelt und Bevölkerung zu schützen.
Zulassungsverfahren unter REACh
0 Hersteller innerhalb Europas
10 Importeure mit Produktionsstätten außerhalb Europas => Registrierung
20 Formulierer für “Surface Treatment” - Lösungen
ca. 1500 Downstream User in der Oberflächenveredlung => Zulassung
Millionen von Artikeln mit verchromter oder passivierter Oberfläche
Stoff-Wert < 0,1 % des Verbraucherartikels
Risiko beschränkt auf Arbeitsplatz-Sicherheit
Lieferkette Chromtrioxid CrO 3
Chromium Trioxide Authorization Consortium CTAC
Das Konsortium umfasst ca. 150 Mitglieder aus allen Gruppen der Lieferkette welche die Möglichkeit haben, einen Antrag auf Zulassung zu stellen: Importeure, Alleinvertreter, Formulierer, Händler, Anwender;
Das Konsortium hatte zum Ziel, die Unterlagen für einen Zulassungsantrag zu erstellen, der die folgenden sechs Verwendungen von Chromtrioxid umfasst :
1)Formulation of mixtures (12 years)
2)Functional chrome plating (12 years)
3)Functional chrome plating with decorative character (7 years)
4)Surface treatment for applications in the aeronautics and aerospace industries, unrelated to Functional chrome plating or Functional plating with decorative character (12 years)
5)Surface treatment (except ETP) for applications in various industry sectors namely architectural, automotive, metal manufacturing and finishing, and general engineering (7 years)
6)Passivation of tin-plated steel (ETP) (4 years)
Zur Einreichung des Antrags hat sich ein Folgekonsortium CTAC Sub mit sieben Mitgliedern gebildet.
Die von CTAC erarbeiteten Unterlagen wurden am 11.05.2015 bei der ECHA eingereicht
Stoffe wie Natriumdichromat oder Strontiumchromat sind im Consortium for REACh Authorization of Miscellaneous Chromium VI Compounds for Surface Treatment (CCST) bearbeitet worden.
Eckpunkte des Zulassungsverfahrens CTACSub
11.05.2015
12.08.2015 08.10.2015
12/2015 – 6/2016
2/2016 – 8/2016 05.11.2015
7/2016 9/2016 12/2016
– 9/2017
?
Fallstudie 1: Use of sodium dichromate as
corrosion inhibitor in ammonia absorption
deep cooling systems (0042-01)
Individual Downstream User Application
Options Discussed
Replacement (change) of the cooling system with a system making use of a different cooling technology Replacement of corrosion prone parts with parts made of more resistant materials, e.g. stainless steel
Substitution of sodium dichromate as corrosion inhibitor in existing AADC systems
Sodium dichromate is used as corrosion inhibitor in Ammonia Absorption Deep Cooling (AADC) systems.
The AADC systems operate as a closed system with the sodium chromate being present only in the working fluid and not entering into contact with the material stream.
All Maintenance work done with full body protection.
Annual tonnage used: 0.3 t of sodium dichromate.
Outcome of the
Authorization Process
Authorization has been granted with 12 years review period
No additional conditions
Summary on Case 1: Individual Downstream
Content Extensive work has been done in the last decade to evaluate all three options to eliminate Sodium Dichromate
Need for Sodium Dichromate as an auxiliary is derived from a cascade of physical and chemical performance parameters driven by the main production process.
Authorization has not resulted in any new insights Process Evaluation supplied by applicant was confirmed by ECHA,
Committees and Commission
Timeline and Cost as scheduled
Authorization process does work
Unless laws of Physics and Chemistry do change, or final product will be
replaced, renewal of the authorization will become part of the License to Operate.
Fallstudie 2: Functional Chrome Plating
(0032-02)
Joint Upstream Application
Options Discussed
Deposition from Cr(III)-solution Change of Deposition technology
Change of surface material
=> No slot-in alternative. Competitive options in niche applications (< 1 %)
Functional chrome plating represents an electrolytic surface treatment of articles with a water based chromium trioxide containing mixture (“chromic acid”) to deposit metallic chromium
Functional chrome plating is an industrial process which is widely used in many industry sectors, including aerospace, automotive & general
engineering, steel, metal precision parts, printing equipment etc.
Annual tonnage used: 6000 t of chromium trioxide.
Outcome of the
Authorization Process
Committee proposal to grant authorization with 7 years review period
Additional conditions and requirements
Commission decision overdue by 9 month and not in sight
Summary on Case 2. Joint Upstream
Content Extensive work has been done in the last decades to evaluate all options to eliminate Chromium Trioxide
Niche applications identified for alternatives with improved performance and competitive costs
Automatization and Incapsulation to avoid workers exposure, workplace monitoring to confirm effectiveness
Authorization will further improve workplace safety Process Evaluation supplied by applicant was intensely scrutinized
Timeline exceeded / sunset date passed despite application nine month upfront filing deadline
Authorization process is inoperational at commission level
Joint Upstream Application is a transition solution to safeguard competitiveness of
production in Europe until Industry Sector and Regulators can agree on a future mode of action
Fallstudie 3: Plating on Plastics for
Automotive Applications (PoPAA) (0071-01)
/ Functional chrome plating with decorative
character (0032-03)
Joint Downstream Application
Options Discussed
Change of etching chemicals Deposition from Cr(III) solution
Change of surface material (Lacquers + PVD)
=> No alternative for etching, Cr(III) plating may become acceptable
PoPAA (plating on plastics for automotive applications) is the electrochemical treatment of plastic surfaces to deposit metallic
chromium to achieve an improvement in the surface appearance, level of corrosion protection and to enhance durability
Chromium Trioxide solution is applied in two process steps: Etching and plating.
Annual tonnage used: 560 t of chromium trioxide.
Outcome of the
Authorization Process
Committee proposal to grant authorization;
12 years Review period for downstream / 4 years for upstream application
Summary on Case 3: Joint Downstream
Content Extensive work has been done in the last decade to evaluate all options to eliminate Chromium Trioxide
Potential alternatives with lower performance / higher cost levels which might be tolerable are at pilot stage
Automatization and Incapsulation to avoid workers exposure, workplace monitoring to confirm effectiveness
Authorization will further improve workplace safety Process Evaluation supplied by applicants was intensely scrutinized
No agreement on Review Period in RAC & SEAC
Authorization process displays operational deficits at committee & commission level
Authorization to demonstrate / disprove competitiveness of potential alternatives within
adequate timeframe. Joint Downstream Application more feasible than Joint Upstream
Fallstudie 4: Passivation of tin-plated steel
(ETP) (0032-06)
Joint Upstream Application for Bridging Period
Options Tested
Switch to Chromium (III) based solutions Different application technologies to form a chrome-based / oxide layer
Polymers / Silicones / Organometallics
Other metals (Mn, Mo, Zr, Ti, …)
=> Zr / Ti fluoride based technology identified as Alternative
ETP involves the surface treatment of tin plated steel in order to convert the surface and add a barrier film of complex chromium compounds. It is used in industrial processes applied for, including the food packaging and other industry sectors.
Annual tonnage used: 1000 t of chromium trioxide.
Outcome of the
Authorization Process
Committee proposal to grant authorization for 4 years substitution period
Additional conditions and requirements
