! "
( )*( +,.-*/012+)3 %5467%5869#"%5%5&
:<;>=@?BADCFEHGIAKJL=@JM
NPONQR
STMAVUWXJLWFY[Z\LUPW2C]Z\L;B^`_
O M
N
Jba;>WcdZefUPJ;geUD\
NQPR W Q
h?BWX^H\iJLAV;
QPR W Q
;BW
N
JijkW2lmW
Q nPo UDpdlq;>^
NQ
asrbWXAda*MZ.lq;>W
t
NPOR
Z.uvW`w xmwXy
ozN@Q
^H\iW.{
v|$|!}m~
z
#
8$`I
5 <
}m|!~}~})}*
'
[
5 V
!V
' vD
6
}m|!~}~}
"
}1$.
+¡.~}
¢
!}m}
~|q6
£
}m!}
£
.}~}¡~}¤
}~.|,¥}m
~£
}¦
".
}<§
.¡¨.
+¡.~}
0©ª`
8
0«¬
,©)T
¢
"~
m6
t
NPOR
Z.uvW¯® xmwXy
ozN@Q
^H\iW.{
v|$~|
° B±
©
&L±²´³
5}5} }mH6
5 µ }
}m~}¡.}m¶1}·.~¸¥~¹5.|
}m}m~
£ <º¼»
¹5
°
H6
}m!}
£
.}~} °K½B±
"
}$±F
º 6
v'¾)~
£
¤f}
~}
°
B±
~<}~.}I¿@¹f¥}mÀm!}~
}
Á±KÂ
%6
µ }
}m~}¡.}m¹"
»
}m5}m.À ¡~
| Ã6
£
v'¾)~
£
¤f}
~} ° B±
~<}~.}I¿@¹f¥}mÀm!}~
}
Á±KÂ
©"6
¡
v'¾)~
£
¤f}
~}1ÄHű
ªÆÇ
°VÈ
B±
~É}~.}I¿¹"¥}.Àm}m~
}
Á±KÂ
©"6
µ } }m~}¡.}m¹"
»
}m5}m.À ¡~
|
.¡
"
}±P~<¡.}.}m¡.~}|!}I)}m~
}¤"¹5
»
}!5~}m,q6
}
µ
} }m~}1ÄKÊÈË0Ì ,©
H6
NPOR ozN@Q
}m~.}mؤ ,¥}|!~|
£ }mTB±
¥ÙVÚ' ÜÛ
¹¹"!¡.~ ¥}.|Ý2|,¥}mÞ|!~¡<
}¡.}m|)ßáàâ%ã¡.~}¿
.¤'!}
ä$å
æçè
#Lßdé#
%%
ê,ë
ì
*í
å æçè %
#)
Èå
%
ê,ë
ì
.¡î
æçè %%8 ê,ë
ì
"}m5} }Ã6
5 µ
} }m¯2~}I}m~}
µ
}m~
£ X
.b¡.}1 }m.}ãï å ÃV¡.~}Ö¡.~}Ö¿
.¤'!} äå
¡
í å }m'
"
.¡
À
¡}m)¡.~}
LÛ
£
|}zð
"
}
V»
}
f Åq6
}m|!~}ñ~}¡.}mñ¿ }!}mbß|!¹.ª¡ |!|<¡ |<¶1!}m~}
£ ¤ äå
í å îò~¸
í åî "
|
|!~|
}m~
£ | £ }m.¤
~²~|m6
£
}m|!~}~}}~.}
µ
}m~
£ X
.²¡.}m
£
.~¥5} ¡.}
»
¹5ï
å
Åßó
#
~ï
È 6
¶1}
¥}/2~}¡ |$v!5} .~|+5}m¹5}!!~|
£ 6
¡
}m!}
£
.}~}¡~}¹¹"!¡.~ ¥}<¡.}m|ð.~}m5}
ð
.¤'¥}m|
»
¹"î ¡.}$ }m}Öï
È 6
t
NPOR
Z.uvWFô xmwXy
ozN@Q
^H\iW.{
5 <
}m!}
£
.}ã~}v¡
£
5}}m~5.}!}*
|,¥~¸
!~¹5
"
}õ2 ²
.¤'¥~¹5.}m
»
¹5ÄHBß
v
©
ö å
֩
6
}m!}
£
.}~}1±|!¹.¡ |!|$¡.~}
µ
}~
£ X
.
ø
ù
ú ¢ È û ß
ö å
â©
ýüþ
}
.
+~|m6
G;BW2?*hJ
O
AD?
Rÿ
S;
Q
jÖW2;glmW
O M N J Q
ZefUâaPWXJ?>Z
N l N J
¶1~}zv5} ~|!|}z¡}m) ¹5!¡.~ð
¹"¤
f
|
}m
5}m }m~ ..¡}m #5&6V( !ÀÖ#"%5%'&2
»
¹5$¡.}
}¤X!} !~
"
|
.¡
~}m5}
'¥}
!#"$%"#&('))*+,)-#./0'#"12314'!#5#6$
~Þ'¥}!.}q6
¶1~}k
"
|
}m~|!~
£
·.¡.}
1¡.~}
}m~5}ÃD¡~}Ö|~
£
}~.}1
.¡
~£ }m/
£ ð
É|¥}
}m
|!|}mà ¶1~}m.|, ¡.}m ©L#6 ð!~
#f%5%'&
»
¹5]©i86©L& ~|z©q8687'&²
$~¼}~
"
Ø8©
g(
}m ¥~¤2"}
"
¡.}
| !m6
9
¡}m~<
"
} ~5}<¾á}m¡.}m.¹
£ }m¤ .'!5}m5} }Ã6
¶1~} ð 5}m|!}
|$|~.¡~É¡.};:]¹ } ¹5 ©q46
ð!~
~|$#5#26
ð.~ #"%"%'&6
![0 K ( t,q ,q ) ∝ e . ′ im ( q − q ) / 2¯ ht 0 t 2 t cl cl 0 cl q ( s )=1 { sq +( t − s ) q } = ⇒ S [ q ]= dsL [ q ( s )]= ( q − q ) . ′ ′ 2 m t Z 0 q t q ′ mp 2˙ 0 0 H =12 L = q 2 2 m h ¯ cl q q q t ′ K ( t,q ,p ) ∝ e , ′ iS [ q ] / ¯ h K ( t,q ,q )= h q](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==)