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I n t r o d u c t i o n 3
1 The C l i m a t e D a t a Set at the I n s t i t u t für M e e r e s k u n d e Kiel
1.1 D e s c r i p t i o n of T a p e M T H 4 3 0 5
1.1.1 T e c h n i c a l D e t a i l s 5
1.1.2 O r i g i n a l V e r s i o n of t h e B U N K E R D a t a 5 1.1.3 I n t e r p o l a t e d C l i m a t e D a t a 6
1.1.4 C o o r d i n a t e S y s t e m 6
1.1.5 O r g a n i s a t i o n of t he I n t e r p o l a t e d D a t a 7
1.1.6 Final R e m a r k s 8
1.2 D e s c r i p t i o n of T a p e M T H 4 3 1 9
1.2.1 T e c h n i c a l D e t a i l s 9
1.2.2 Fina l R e m a r k s 9
2 The C l i m a t e D a t a Set at Kiel U n i v e r s i t y
C o m p u t e r C e n t r e 10
2.1 O r i g i n a l V e r s i o n of t h e B U N K E R D a t a 10 2.2 I n t e r p o l a t e d C l i m a t e D a t a 10 2.3 A c c e s s to the 1° G r i d D a t a 11 2.4 S t r u c t u r e a nd P h y s i c a l Units
of t h e 1° G r i d D a t a 13
3 A c k n o w l e d g e m e n t s 14
4 R e f e r e n c e s 14
A p p e n d i c e s 15
I N T R O D U C T I O N
T h i s is a short g u i d e to a c l i m a t o l o g i c a l s u rf ac e d a t a set of the N o r t h A t l a n t i c Ocean. A large p a r t of this data set has b e e n p u b l i s h e d in two v o l u m e s of "The B U N K E R C l i m a t e A t la s of the N o r t h A t l a n t i c Oc e a n " (I SE ME R & HASSE, 1985, 1987). The p u r p o s e o f t hi s r ep o r t is to d e s c r i b e the a c c e s s to d i f f e r e n t m a g n e t i c tapes c o n t a i n i n g t h e c l i m a - t o l o g i c a l d a t a set, and the r e t r i e val of c e r t a i n data. C o p i e s of the ta p e s can be r e q u e s t e d f o r s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h fr om the I n s t i t u t fur M e e r e s k u n d e in Kiel.
T h e b a s i c v e r s i o n of the N o r t h A t l a n t i c O c e a n d a t a s et w a s e v a l u a t e d by the late A n d r e w F. B U N K E R of W o o d s Hole O c e a n o g r a p h i c Institution, w h o left h i s r e s u l t s on c o m p u t e r o utprints. B U N K E R a n a l y s e d o b s e r v a t i o n s f r o m the s h ip s of the V o l u n t a r y O b s e r v i n g F l e et to c a l c u l a t e the v a r i o u s c o m p o n e n t s of the he a t b u d g e t at the a i r - s e a interface. The o r i g i n a l B U N K E R d a t a set is d e f i n e d on i r r e g u l a r l y sh a p e d areas, c a l l e d " G e r r y m a n d e r s " . T h e da t a c o v e r a g e in cludes the N o rt h A t l a n t i c O c e a n s o u t h of 80°N e x c e p t the B a l t i c a n d M e d i t e r r a n e a n Seas. For i n f o r m a t i o n ab out d e t a i l s see B U N K E R (1975, 1976) and G O L D S M I T H & B U N K E R
(1979) .
W i t h i n the r e s e a r c h p r o j e c t " W a r m w a s s e r s p h a r e des A t l a n t i k s "
(" S o n d e r f o r s c h u n g s b e r e i c h 133") at the Institut fur M e e r e s k u n d e , Kiel, (I F M K ) , the c ] i m a t o l o g i c a l d a t a w e r e b r o u g h t b a c k o n m a g n e t i c tape a nd w e r e i n t e r p o l a t e d on t o a r e g u l a r l y s h a p e d l 6 grid. I n t e r p o l a t i o n onto
the 1° g r i d was limi t e d to r e g i o n s s o u t h of 65°N. Th e 1° g r i d data f o r m the b a se for the a b o v e - m e n t i o n e d c l i m a t e a t l as of the N o r t h A t
la n t i c Ocean. V o l u m e 1 of this a t l a s c o n t a i n s m o n t h l y fie l d s of o b s e r v e d m e t e o r o l o g i c a l quan t it i e s . M o n t h l y fi e l d s of d e r i v e d p a r a m e t e r s such as a i i - s e a h eat f l ux e s and w i n d s tr e s s are m a p p e d in the se co nd volu me . In a d d i t i o n to B U N K E R ' S m e t h o d s re c e n t o b s e r v a t i o n a l a nd e x p e
rimental e v i d e n c e fr o m t h e op e n o c e a n has b e e n u s e d to r e c a l c u l a t e a r e v i s e d v e r s i o n of a i r - s e a heat f l u x e s a n d w i n d s t r e s s (ISEMER, 1987,
IS E M E R & HASSE, 1987). T h e m a i n p a r t of the s e c o n d v o l u m e of the c l i m a t e a t la s p r e s e n t s ma p s of the r e v i s e d fluxes. Also, a c o l l e c t i o n of ch ar ts s h o w i n g B U N K E R ' S r e s u l ts is g i v e n for co mp a r i s o n . Note, that in the a p p e n d a n t d a t a t a b l e s the r e v i s e d f l u x e s ar e l a b e l e d "revised"
w h i l e B U N K E R ' S r e s u l t s a r e l a b e l e d "BUNKER".
T h e data are n o w a v a i l a b l e on t ap e b o t h in the o r i g i n a l and in the i n t e r p o l a t e d a n d r e v i s e d ve r s i o n s . Hence, the c l i m a t o l o g i c a l d a t a set is a v a i l a b l e in d i f f e r e n t forms on the V A X c o m p u t e r s of the IFMK and on the P D P - 1 0 c o m p u t e r of Kiel U n i v e r s i t y c o m p u t e r centre.
T w o d i f f e r e n t tap es w e r e p r e p a r e d at the IFMK:
1. a P D P - 1 1 " Fil e s 11" tape, c r e a t e d on a V A X - 7 5 0 co mputer. The
a r c h i v e n u m b e r of this tape at IFMK c o m p u t e r c e n t r e is MTH430, its d e s c r i p t i o n ca n be found in s e c t i o n 1.1 of this report. U s e r s w o r k i n g at the V A X c o m p u t e r s of the IFMK s h o u l d use th is tape. A copy of this tape is o f f e r e d as e x c h a n g e tape to user s w o r k i n g e s p e c i a l ly on a V A X or P DP-11 c o m p u t e r at o t he r i ns titutes. T h e AN SI tape label o f this tape c o py w il l b e " N A O D A T " .
2. a t a p e c o d e d in EB C D I C on a V A X - 7 5 0 com pu te r. A co p y of this t a p e is o f f e r e d as e x c h a n g e ta p e to u s e r s w o r k i n g on ot he rs than V A X or P D P-1 1 com p ute r s. The c o n t e n t s an d s t r u c t u r e of the d at a on this ta pe a r e ident i cal to tho s e on th e P D P "Files 11" tape. The a r c h i v e n u m b e r of t h i s tape at the IFMK c o m p u t e r c e n t r e is M T H 4 3 1 . T e c h n i cal s p e c i f i c a t i o n s of this t a p e are g i v e n in s e c t i o n 1.2 of this r e p o r t .
T h e a c c e s s to the t a pe s at K ie l U n i v e r s i t y c o m p u t e r c e n t r e is d e s c r i b e d in c h a p t e r 2. T h e s e tapes h a v e e x c l u s i v e l y b e e n p r e p a r e d for P D P - 1 0 u s e r s of t h i s c o m p u t e r centre.
1 T H E C L I M A T E D A T A S E T A T THE I N S T I T U T F Ü R M E E R E S K U N D E KIEL 1.1 D E S C R I P T I O N OF T A P E M T H 4 3 Q
1.1.1 T E C H N I C A L D E T A I L S P D P "F i l e s 11" tape
16 0 0 bpi 9 tr ac ks A N S I - A S C I I
A N S I tape label : M T H 4 3 0
F i r s t part: 50 file s ( f i l e n u m b e r 1 to 50), each fi le c o n s i s t s of 23 blocks,
e a c h f il e c o n t a i n s 6 0 4 8 integer n u m b e r s (format 17).
S e c o n d part: o ne file w i t h 19 b l o c k s (filenumber 51), c o n t a i n i n g 8 3 8 8 i n t e g e r n u m b e r s (format 14).
55 f i les ( f i l e n u m b e r 52 to 106), e ac h fi le c o n s i s t s of 210 blocks,
e a c h file c o n t a i n s 5 0 3 5 2 i n t e g e r n u m b e r s (fo rm at 18).
T h e d a t a are o r g a n i z e d in l o g i c a l r e c o r d s (lines) s e p a r a t e d b y a
" C a r r i a g e R e t u r n - L i n e F e e d " ( C R L F ) . T h e f i les on the tape a r e n a m e d I S E M E R .001, I S E M E R .002, ... up to ISEMER.106. T h e A N S I t a p e label of the c o p y of t h i s tape sent to o t h e r i n s t i t u t e s u p o n r e q u e s t w i l l b e
" N A 0 D A T " .
1.1.2 O R I G I N A L V E R S I O N OF THE B U N K E R D A T A
T h e f i r s t par t of this t a pe c o n t a i n s the o r i g i n a l B U N K E R d a t a - l o n g te r m m o n t h l y a v e r a g e s of b o t h o b s e r v e d and d e r i v e d p a r a m e t e r s - d e f i n e d on 502 s o m e t i m e s i r r e g u l a r l y s h a p e d G e r r y m a n d e r s o v e r t h e N o r t h A t l a n t i c O c e a n f rom the e q u a t o r to 80°N. The d a t a h a v e b e e n c o p i e d
f r o m o u t p r i n t s w h i c h are a v a i l a b l e at W o o d s H ol e O c e a n o g r a p h i c I n s t i t u t i o n (WH0I). O n the t a p e t he y a r e o r g a n i z e d in a d i f f e r e n t wa y th an on the o r i g i n a l c o m p u t e r o u tp r i n t s . T h e o r g a n i s a t i o n h i e r a r c h y o n the t a pe is as follows:
1: p ara m ete r , 2: c a l e n d e r month, 3: M a r s d e n Square, 4: G e r r y m a n d e r .
E a c h fi le c o n t a i n s all m o n t h l y v a l u e s of one si n g l e p a r a m e t e r for all G e r r y m a n d e r s . W i t h i n e a c h file the d a t a a r e g r o u p e d a c c o r d i n g to c a l e n d a r month. E v e r y g r o u p o f d a t a c o n s i s t s of (1) t h e n u m b e r of the m o n t h ( Ja n u a r y = 1, F e b r u a r y = 2, etc), (2) the p a r a m e t e r i d e n t i f i c a t i o n n u m b e r a c c o r d i n g t o B U N K E R (see table 1 in a p p e n d i x 1) a n d
(3) 502 p a r a m e t e r values. T h u s e a c h f il e c o n s i s t s o f 6 0 4 8 n um bers.
T h e y a r e w r i t t e n in i n t e g e r f or m at 17. P h y s i c a l u n i t s a r e g i v e n in
t a b le 1. 9999" is inserted, if no d at a are availab le . W i t h i n e a c h m o n t h l y g r o u p the d a ta a r e a r r a n g e d due to the M a r s d e n Square
(10°- S qua r e) d i v i s i o n f ro m s o u t h to n o rth a n d f ro m east to west. T h e s e q u e n c e of G e r r y m a n d e r s w i t h i n e a c h M a r s d e n S q u a r e w a s taken from BUNKER. T h i s r e p o r t c o n t a i n s an a p p e n d a n t m a p w h i c h s hows the G e r r y m a n d e r c o n f i g u r a t i o n o v er the N o r t h A t l a n t i c O c e a n a n d the c o r r e s p o n d i n g s e q u e n c e n u m b e r of e a c h G e r r y m a n d e r in the m o n t h l y d a t a group.
A n u m b e r of C R L Fs d i v i d e e a c h file into logical r e cor d s. T h e y have b e e n i n s e r t e d (a) b e h i n d th e p a r a m e t e r i d e n t i f i c a t i o n number, (b) b e h i n d e v e r y t e n t h p a r a m e t e r v a l u e and (c) at the e n d of e a c h c ale n dar m o n t h group. A F O R T R A N R E A D f o r m a t for a w h o l e file c o u l d b e :
1 2 ( 2 1 7 / , 5 0 ( 1 0 1 7 / ) ,217).
Note, that the s ign of t he a i r - s e a h e a t f l u x and its c o m p o n e n t s has b e e n c h o s e n p o s i t i v e if the o c e a n g a i n s energy, and n e g a t i v e if it l o o ses e n e r g y at the surface.
A p p e n d i x 2 g i v e s an o u t p r i n t of t h e b e g i n n i n g of file 1 o n the tape.
1 . 1.3 I N T E R P O L A T E D C L I M A T E D A T A
T he s e c o n d part of the t a p e c o n s i s t s of an i n f o r m a t i o n file a n d 55 p a r a m e t e r files c o n t a i n i n g t he i n t e r p o l a t e d c l i m a t e s u r f a c e data. L o n g t e r m m o n t h l y m e a n s as w e l l as s t a n d a r d d e v i a t i o n s of s e l e c t e d p a r a m e t e r s a r e given, d e f i n e d o n a r e g u l a r 1° g r i d o v e r t he N o r t h A t l a n t i c O c e a n f ro m the e q u a t o r to 65°N (see t a b l e 2 in a p p e n d i x 3). N e t l o n g w a v e r a d i a t i o n , p a r a m e t e r i s e d a c c o r d i n g to the E L S A S S E R ( 1 9 4 2 ) r a d i a t i o n c h a r t (see B U N K E R & G O L D S M I T H , 1979), w a s c a c u l a t e d by u s i n g a d d i t i o n a l i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m W H O I - d a t a files, a n d has b e e n a d d e d to the d a t a set ( f i l e n u m b e r 81). C o r r e c t i o n s of the a i r - s e a hea t f l u x c o m p o n e n ts b y the p r e s e n c e of s e a ice (see B U N K E R & GOL D SM I T H , 1979) h a v e b e e n a p p l i e d to the 1° g r i d d a t a u s i n g ice c o v e r a g e d a t a f r o m W H O I - d a t a f i l e s ( t h e o r i gi n a l d a t a o n t h e f i r s t part of this t a p e h a v e not b e e n c o r r e c t e d ! ). A gain, the s i g n o f the a i r - s e a h e a t f l u x a n d its c o m p o n e n t s is p o s i t i v e ( negative) if the o c e a n ga i n s (looses) e n e r g y at t he surface.
1 . 1.4 C O O R D I N A T E S Y S T E M
T h e i n t e r p o l a t e d d a ta are d e f i n e d on the l a t i t u d e (<J>) - l o n g i t u d e (A) grid. T o f a c i l i t a t e c om p u t a t i o n , the ($,A) - s y s t e m is t r a n s f o r m e d i n t o a («<>,€) - sy s t e m w i t h c = 0 at X = 100°W. e is p o s i t i v to the east, so all c o o r d i n a t e s in the N o r t h A t l a n t i c O c e a n are p o s i t i v (for e x a m p l e e = 51 m e a n s A = 49°W, c = 100 m e a n s A = 0°.). The d a t a are d e f i n e d in the c e n t r e of ea c h 4>,e - field, that m e a n s that the exa ct d e f i n i t i o n p o i n t for $ , £ is $ -0.5, £-0.5.
T h e i n f o r m a t i o n f ile ( f i l e n u m b e r 51 o n b o t h tapes M T H 4 3 0 and MTH431) c o n t a i n s e a c h p a i r of c o o r d i n a t e s $ , e for all 1° g r i d d a t a availabl e , in t h e s a m e s e q u e n c e as the d a t a are o r g a n i s e d in e v e r y m o n t h l y g r o u p
of the p a r a m e t e r files. The co o r d i n a t e s are w r i t t e n in integer f o r m a t 14. T e n n u m b e r s form a log i ca l r e c o r d and are s e p a r a t e d by a CRLF. A F O R T R A N R E A D - f o r m a t for the w h ole infor m a t i o n file c o u l d be :
8 3 8 ( 1 0 1 4 / ) , 8 1 4 .
1. 1 . 5 O R G A N I S A T I O N ’ OF T H E I N T E R P O L A T E D D A T A
T h e o r g a n i s a t i o n h i e r a r c h y on the tape is as follows:
1: p a r a m e t e r 2: c a l e n d a r m o n t h
3: lati t ude , f r o m so u t h to n o r t h 4: l o n g it ud e, f r o m w e s t to e a st
E a c h f i l e c o n t a i n s all m o n t h l y v a l u e s of one single p a r a m e t e r for all (f>,€ c o o r d i n a t e s o v e r the N o r t h A t l a n t i c Ocean. W i t h i n ea c h fi l e the d a t a a r e g r o u p e d a c c o r d i n g to the c a l e n d a r month. E v e ry g r o u p of data c o n s i s t s of (1) the n u m b e r of the month, (2) the p a r a m e t e r i d e n t i f i c a t i on n u m b e r a c c o r d i n g to t a b l e 2 (see a p p e n d i x 3) a nd (3) 4194 p a r a m e t er value s. T h us e a c h f il e c o n s i s t s of 5 0 3 5 2 numbers. T he y a r e w r i t t e n
in i n t e g e r fo r m a t 18. Pa r a m e t e r s , f i l e n u m b e r s and p hy si ca l u n i t s are g i v e n in t a b l e 2. A n u m b e r of CRLFs d i v i d e s e a c h file into logical r e cords. T h e y h a v e b e e n i n s e r t e d (a) b e h i n d the p a r a m e t e r i d e n t i f i c a t i o n number, (b) b e h i n d e v e r y t e n t h p a r a m e t e r value, and (c) at t h e end of e a c h c a l e n d a r m o n t h group. A F O R T R A N R E A D - f o r m a t for a w h o l e file c o u l d be: 1 2 ( 2 1 8 / , 4 1 9 ( 1 0 1 8 / ) , 4 1 8 ) .
W i t h i n e a c h m o n t h l y g ro u p the d a t a a r e a r r a n g e d f r o m s o ut h to nor th a n d f r o m w e s t to east. F irst, all 1° g r i d d a t a f o r <f> = 1°N a r e w r i t t e n fr o m w e s t to e a s t for e a c h 1° field, w h i c h is c o v e r e d w i t h w a t e r by m o r e t h a n 50%. T h e n the d a t a for <f> = 2°N follow, etc. A s m e n t i o n e d in s e c t i o n 1.4, t he s e q u e n c e o f c o o r d i n a t e s w i t h i n e a c h m o n t h l y g r o u p of all c l i m a t e d a t a f i les is g i v e n in t h e i n f o r m a t i o n file.
A p o s s i b l e a c c e s s to the i n t e r p o l a t e d d a t a w i t h i n a c o m p u t e r p r o g r a m c o u l d b e as follows:
1. D e c l a r e a real a r r a y D A T for one m o n t h l y N o r t h A t l a n t i c O c e a n f i e l d w i t h d i m e n s i o n s at l e a st [110,65] an d set all e l e m e n t s equ al -9999.
(for l and g r i d p o i n t s or p o i n t s w i t h o u t data).
2. R e a d the n u m b e r of the m o nt h a nd the f i e l d nu m b e r fr om the data file.
3. R e a d one pai r of c o o r d i n a t e s <(»,£ fr om t h e i n f o r m a t i o n file and one d a t a v a l u e f r o m the d a t a file and a t t a c h th e d a t a v a l u e to DAT[e,<|>].
S t e p 3 m u s t be r e p e a t e d 4 1 9 4 t i m e s to read the w h o l e J a n u a r y field. To g e t the F e b r u a r y field, c l o s e the i n f o r m a t i o n file a n d sta r t a g ai n w i t h s t e p 1. A p p e n d i x 4 g i v e s a n o u t p r i n t of the b e g i n n i n g of file 52 o n the t a p e .
1.1.6 FINAL REMARKS
A p r o g r a m T R N B N K .FOR is a v a i l a b l e on the V A X c o m p u t e r of the 1FMK to c o n v e r t t he 1° g r i d d a ta into the MK4 data format. T h i s p r o gra m needs f i l e s f r o m the t a p e M T H 4 3 0 as input data. T h e p r o g r a m was w r i t t e n by J o h a n n e s D i e m e r of the o c e a n o g r a p h i c d e p a r t e m e n t of the IFMK.
O r i g i n a l l y , the 1° g r i d d a t a w e r e c r ea te d on the P D P - 1 0 c o m p u t e r of K i e l U n i v e r s i t y . Th e s o u r c e tapes, c o n t a i n i n g the s a m e d a t a as MTH430, a r e a r c h i v e d at Kiel U n i v e r s i t y c o m p u t e r ce nt re u n d e r 3 3 0 1 4 9 a nd 330010.
A s m e n t i o n e d above, a c o p y o f this ta pe may be r e q u e s t e d as e x c h a n g e t a p e for s c i e n t i f i c rese a rc h . All s p e c i f i c a t i o n s d e s c r i b e d a r e v a l i d f o r t h e e x c h a n g e tape, too. Note, th at the ANSI tape label w i l l be
" N O A D A T " .
1.2 D E S C R I P T I O N OF TA P E M T H4 3 1 1 . 2.1 T E C H N I C A L D E T A I L S
1600 bpi 9 t r a c k s
I n d u s t r y c o m p a t i b l e E B C D IC, parity: O D D L a b e l : n o ne
R e c o r d length: 8 0 c h a r a c t e r s B l o c k i n g factor: 50
F i r s t part: 50 file s ( f i le n um b e r 1 to 50), each fi l e c o n s i s t s of 13 blocks,
e a c h file c o n t a i n s 6 0 4 8 integer n u m b e r s (format 17).
S e c o n d part: o n e file w i t h 17 b l o c k s (filenumber 51), c o n t a i n i n g 8 3 8 8 i n t e g e r n u m b e r s (format 14).
55 f iles ( f i l e n u m b e r 52 to 106), e a c h file c o n s i s t s of 102 blocks,
e a c h file c o n t a i n s 503 52 integ er n u m b ers (format 18).
T h e d a t a a r e o r g a n i z e d in logical r e c o r d s (lines of 8 0 c h a r a c t e r s each). T h e y are n ot s e p a r a t e d b y a " C a r r i a g e R e t u r n - L i n e F e ed " (CRLF).
F r e e c o l u m n s w i t h i n logical r e c o r d s are f i l l e d w i t h b l a n k s to get a l w a y s a r e c o r d l e n g t h of 80 c h a r a c t e r s . F i l e s on the t a p e a r e s e p a r a t e d by one E O F mark. T w o s u b s e q u e n t E O F s d e f i n e the end o f tape.
1 .2. 2 F I N A L R E M A R K S
T h e d a t a o r g a n i s a t i o n a n d the c o n t e n t s of th is t ap e are i d e nt ic al to t h o s e o f t a p e MTH 43 0 . R e f e r to s e c t i o n s 1.1.2, 1.1.3, 1.1.4 an d 1.1.5 for d et ai ls .
A s m e n t i o n e d above, a c o p y of t his tape may be r e q u e s t e d as e x c h a n g e tape for s c i e n t i f i c r e search. All s p e c i f i c a t i o n s d e s c r i b e d a r e v a l i d for t h e e x c h a n g e tape, too.
2 T H E C L I M A T E D A T A S ET A T KI E L U N I V E R S I T Y C O M P U T E R CEN T RE A gain, the c l i m ate data set is a v a i l a b l e in tw o v e r si on s, but on d i f f e r e n t tapes:
1. t he o r igi n a l v e r s i o n of the B U N K E R data,
2. the i n t e r p o l a t e d 1° g r i d data. T h e results of B U N K E R a r e c o n ta in ed as w e l l as th e r e v i s e d a i r - s e a h ea t fluxes an d w i n d stress. The
i n t e r p o l a t i o n p r o g r a m st o r e s all m o n t h l y a n d the a n nua l fi el ds of one p a r a m e t e r into one b i n a r y coded file. The s t r u c t u r e of t hese
fi les is s h o r t l y d e s c r i b e d in s e c t i o n 2.2. A p r o g r a m B I N P L O . A L G is a d d i t i o n a l l y o f f e r e d to c o n v er t the bi n a r y c o d e d d a t a into P D P -10 A S C I I - f i l e s . T h i s p r o g r a m c r e a t e s one A S C I I - f i l e for e a c h m o n t h l y f i e l d in the s o c a l l e d P L V E I S format (see H L P : P L V E I S.D O C). T h e se files m a y be u s e d as i n put d a ta for plots or f u r t he r n u m e r i c a l c a l c ul at io ns. A d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n of B I N P L O . A L G is g i v e n in s e c t i o n 2.3.
2.1 O R I G I N A L V E R S I O N O F THE B U N K E R D A T A
T h e o r i g i n a l B U N K E R d a t a set is s t o r e d in the first 50 files o n tape 330147. T he o r g a n i s a t i o n of t h e s e d a t a and the c o n t e n t s of the files o n the t a p e are iden t ic a l to those o n tape M T H 4 3 0 at IFMK. The user is a d v i s e d to r e f er to s e c t i o n 1.1.2, t ab l e 1 and the a p p e n d a n t N o r t h A t l a nt i c O c e a n ma p for f u rt h e r detai ls .
T e c h n i c a l d e tails:
T a p e number: 330147, w i t h a c o p y on 3 3 0 1 4 9 1600 bpi
9 t r a c k s P D P - 10 A S C I I
50 files, f i l e n u m b e r 1 to 50 L e n g t h of file: 6 9 b l oc k s
2.2 I N T E R P O L A T E D C L I M A T E D A T A
T h e i n t e r p o l a t e d 1° g r i d d a t a a r e s t o r e d in 55 fil es o n ta pe 33 0 1 4 6 ( f i l e n u m b e r 2 to 56). T h e f i r s t f i l e on t hi s t a p e c o n t a i n s an A L G O L p r o g r a m and a d d i t i o n a l d a ta f i l e s to a l l o w an a c c e s s to the c l i m a t e data. T h e c l i m a t e d a t a are s t o r e d in b i n a r y mode. W h e n c o p y i n g the b i n a r y d a t a file into the u s e r ' s d i s k s p a c e in o r de r t o f u r t h e r p r o c e s s the d a t a w i t h B I N P L O . A L G the file n a m e and the first c h a r a c t e r of the e x t e n s i o n ma y be c h o s e n b y the user. The last t w o c h a r a c t e r s o f t he e x t e n s i o n mu s t a l w a y s b e "BI" (e.g. T L U F T . 2 B I ) .
T e c h n i c a l details:
T a p e num ber: 3 3 0 1 4 6 , w i t h a co py on 330056 1 6 0 0 bpi
9 t r a c k s
F i l e 1: P D P - 1 0 ASCII,
length: 102 b l o ck s see s e c t i o n 2.3 F i l e 2 to 56: B i n a r y m o d e ,
length: 42 9 b l o c k s se e s e c t i o n 2 .4
2. 3 A C C E S S TO THE 1° G R I D D A T A
Th e f i r st file on t a pe 3 3 0 1 4 6 w a s c r e a t e d w i t h the P D P - 1 0 s e r v i c e p r o g r a m L I B M A N (see H L P . L I B M A N . H L P ) . T h e user sh o u l d fi rst c op y this file i nt o h is d i s k space. By d o i n g so the e x t e n s i o n s h o u l d be LI B (e.g.
B I N P L O . L I B ) . T h i s file c o n t a i n s a s u b directory:
D I R E C T O R Y OF D S K U :B I N P L O .L I B : B I N P L O . A L G 11
K O O R D I . N A T 56
P A R A M E .T ER 5
B I N P L O . I N P 1 B T N P L O . E X E 24
T O T A L OF 97 B L O C K S IN 5 F I L E S
B T N P L O . E X E is t he e x e c u t a b l e p r o g r a m to c o n v e r t the b i n a r y c o d e d c l i m a t e d a ta into P D P - 1 0 A S C I I - f i l e s . F o r t ha t p u r p o s e the u s e r h a s to c o p y all files (except the s o u r c e fi le B I N P L O . A L G ) fr om the s u b d i r e c t o r y into h is d i s k space. U s e one of y o u r d i s k s in y o u r s e a r c h list.
It is i m p o r t a n t to r e t a i n t h e g i v e n f i l e n a m e s (except y o u l ik e to c h a n g e the so u r c e p r ogram). T h e file s K O O R D I . N A T a n d P A R A M E . T E R s h o u l d not be mo dified! O n the c o n tr a r y, the file B I N P L O . I N P is t h e p r o g r a m c o n t r o l file, it c o n t a i n s i n f o r m a t i o n s for th e i n d i v i d u a l p r o g r a m run a n d h a s to be c h a n g e d (or c r e at ed) b y the u s e r b e f o r e e x e c u t i o n of the p r o g r a m . Th e control file m u s t c o n t a i n the f o l l o w i n g in f o r m a t i o n s :
L i n e l: input d e v i c e (disk name, w h e r e the b i n a r y c o de d data file Is stored)
L i n e 2: o u t p u t d e v i c e (disk name, w h e r e the A SCII fi les are to be c r e ated)
L i n e 3: m (first month), m (last month),SL 6 p ( par a m e t e r i d e n t i f i c a ti on)
L i n e 4: e (first c o o r d i n a t e in east d irection) (last c o o r d i n a t e in ea st direction) (f> (first c o o r d i n a t e in n o rt h direction)
<f>e (last c o o r d i n a t e in n o r t h direction)
L i n e 5: f i l e n a m e a nd f ir s t c h a r a c t e r of the extension.
E x a m p l e of file B I N P L O .A L G : D S K T
D S K U 1 ,13,4 1 , 1 1 0 , 1 , 7 0 T L U F T .2
C o m m e n t s :
L i n e 3: O n e p r o g r a m run a l l o w s t h e c o n v e r s i o n of all m o n t h l y fields ( i n c l u d i n g the a n n u a l f ield) of one p a r a m e t e r or a s e q u e n c e of m o n t h s d e f i n e d b y m a nd m . T h e f i l e n a m e s a n d the f i r s t c h a
ra c t e r of the e x t e n s i o n s o f the o u t p u t f i l e s are i d en t ica l to t h o s e of the input file. T h e last two c h a r a c t e r s of the o utput fi l e e x t e n s i o n s c o n t a i n the n u m b e r of the r e s p e c t i v e c a l e n d a r m o n t h ( Jan u ar y = 01, F e b r u a r y = 0 2 ... y e a r = 13). Hence, a
ru n of B I N P L O w i t h the e x a m p l e file B I N P L O . I N P g i v e n a b o ve c r e a t e s D S K U :T L U F T .201, T L U F T . 2 0 2 ... T L U F T . 213. A n input f i le D S K T : T L U F T . 2 B I is r e q u i r e d c o n t a i n i g the N o r t h A t l a n t i c O c e a n a i r t e m p e r a t u r e data.
T h e p a r a m e t e r i d e n t i f i c a t i o n n u m b e r s of all p a r a m e t e r s a v a i l a b l e a r e listed in t a b l e 3 in a p p e n d i x 5 as wel l as the p h y sical u n i t s of the p a r a m e t e r s in t h e A S C II o u t p u t f i l e . T h e s e u n i t s a r e i d en t ic a l to t h o s e in the real a r r a y D A T in the p r o c e d u r e R E A B I N (see a p p e n d i x 6). T h e d i v i s o r in the s e c o n d line of the AS C I I f i le ' s h e a d e r (see H L P : P L V E I S . D O C ) is alw a ys set to 1. If the v a l u e of the p a r a m e t e r i d e n t i f i c a t i o n nu m ber in B I N P L O . I N P is not i d e n t i c a l to that s t o r e d in the b i n a r y d a t a file a m e s s a g e r e t u r n s to the user and ihe p r o g r a m e x e c u tion is stopped.
L i ne 4: M a x i m u m d i m e n s i o n s for o n e N o r t h A t l a n t i c O c e a n field are 1,110,1,70.
In this case all d a t a a v a i l a b l e are rea d into the ASCI I file.
T he file l ength then is 169 blocks. G r i d p o i n t s w i t h o u t data are f i lle d w i t h -9999.0. T h e F O R T R A N R E A D f o r m a t f o r one ASC II line is (316, 10F12.3). $ a n d <p s h o u l d a l w a y s be (n-10)+l a nd (m-10), r e s p e c t i v e l y ,a for n = 8 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 a nd ■ =1,2,3,4,5, 6 ,7 and n<m.
T h e so u r c e p r o g r a m B I N P L O . A L G is g i v e n in a p p e n d i x 6. Th e p r o c e d u r e R E A B I N m a y be li n k ed to o t h e r A L G O L or S I M U L A programs. U s e r s p r e f e r r i n g F O R T R A N s h o u l d use B I N P L O . A L G fi r s t a n d rea d the A S CI I files.
Users, w h o insist on r e a d i n g the b i n a r y d a t a by m e a n s of a F O R T R A N p r o g r a m m u s t u s e t he s o c a l l e d b i n a r y "image" mode.
2.4 S T R U C T U R E A N D P H Y S I C A L U N I TS OF T H E 1° G R I D D A T A
T h e s t r u c t u r e and s eq u e n c e of the 1° g r i d d a t a in the b i n a r y f i l e s a re i d e n ti ca l to thos e of the 1° da t a AS CII files on tap e MTH430. Of course, CRLFs are omitted. R e f e r to s e c t i o n s 1.1.3, 1.1.4 a nd 1.1.5 for details. T h e r e is one gen e r al e xc ep ti on : U n l i k e the A S C II files on tape M T H 4 3 0 , the b i n a r y c o de d files a d d i t i o n a l l y c o n t a i n t h e an nual m e a n field, w h i c h is s t o r e d as an a d d i t i o n a l m o n t h l y g r o u p b e h i n d the D e c e m b e r field. F i l e n u m b e r s on tape 330146, the p a r a m e t e r n a m e s and p a r a m e t e r i d e n t i f i c a t i o n s are l i s t e d in tabl e 3. A l s o d o c u m e n t e d are the p h y s i c a l u n i t s of the p a r a m e t e r s in the AS C I I f iles a f t e r c o n v e r s io n w i t h BINP L O. A L G .
3 A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S
I w o u l d like to than k E l i s a b e t h R u d o l p h for h a n d l i n g t h e tap es on the V A X at the IFMK a nd J ü r g e n H o l t o r f f who g a v e v a l u a b l e a d v i s e c o n c e r n i n g the tape handling.
T h e f i n an c i al s u p p o r t g i v e n by the " D e u t s c h e F o r s c h u n g s g e m e i n s c h a f t "
th r o u g h the p r o j e c t " W a r m w a s s e r s p h ä r e des A t l a n t i k s " (SFB 133) is g r a t e f u l l y a c kn o wl e d g ed .
4 R E F E R E N C E S
BUNKER, A.F. & R .A .G O L D S M I T H , 1979: A r c h i v e d time s e r i e s of A t l a n t i c O c e a n m e t e o r o l o g i c a l v a r i a b l e s a n d s u r f a c e f l u x e s .
T e c h n . R e p . , W H O I - 7 9 - 3
W o o d s H o l e O c e a n o g r a p h i c I n s t i t u t i o n
BUNKER, A.F., 1975: E n e r g y e x c h a n g e at the s u r f a c e of the w e s t e r n N o r t h A t l a n t i c Ocean.
Tec h n . R e p . , W H 0 I - 7 5 - 3 , W o o d s H ol e O c e a n o g r a p h i c I n s t i t u t i o n BUNKER, A.F., 1976: C o m p u t a t i o n s of s u rface e n e r g y f l u x a n d annual
a i r - s e a i n t e r a c t i o n c y c l e s of the N o r t h A t l a n t i c Ocean.
M o n . W e a . R e v . ,104, 1122 - 1140
E LSÄSSER, W . M . , 1942: Heat t r a n s f e r by infr a r e d r a d i a t i o n in the a t m o s p h e r e .
H a r v a r d M e t . S t u d i e s , 6, 197 pp
G O L D S M I T H , R.A. & A. F .B U N K E R , 1979: WHOI c o l l e c t i o n of c l i m a t o l o g y a n d a i r - s e a i n t e r a c t i o n data.
T ech n . R e p . , W H O I - 7 9 - 7 0 . W o o d s H o l e O c e a n o g r a p h i c I n s t i t u t i o n ISEMER, H.-J., 1987: O p t i m i e r t e P a r a m e t r i s i e r u n g e n d e r k l i m a t o l o g i -
s c hen E n e r g i e - und I m p u l s f l ü s e an d e r O b e r f l ä c h e des N o r d a t lantik .
D i s s e r t a t i o n , B e r i c h t I n s t .f . M e e r e s k u n d e ,K i e l , N r . 160, 184 p p ISEMER, H.-J. & L.HASSE, 1985: T h e BU N K E R c l i m a t e a t l as of the N o r t h
A t l a n t i c Ocean.
Vol. 1: o b s e r v a t i o n s , 2 1 8 pp
S p r i n g e r Verlag, H e i d e l b e r g , N e w Y o r k , T o k y o
ISEMER, H.-J. & L.HASSE, 1987: T h e B U N K E R c l i m a t e a t las of the N o r t h A t l a n t i c Ocean.
Vol. 2: a i r - s e a i n te r a c t i o n s , (in press) S p r i n g e r Verlag, H e i d e l b e r g , N e w Y o r k , T o k y o
T a b l e 1: List of p a r a m e t e r f i l e s w h i c h are g i v e n in the first part of the t a pes M T H 4 3 0 and M T H 4 3 1 . The s e q u e n c e n u m b e r of the r e s p e c t i v e f i l e on the tapes and t he p a r a m e t e r i d e n t i f i c a t i o n n u m b e r a c c o r d i n g to B U N K E R ' S o u t p r i n t s are l i st e d as well as the units,
s t d e v = s t a n d a r d deviation.
I d entifi-
F ile- ca t i o n P a r a m e t e r na me Unit
n u m b e r n u m b e r _________________________ ____
1 3 n u m b e r of o b s e r v a t i o n s
2 4 air t e m p e r a t u r e T A I R °C • 10
3 5 stdev. of T A I R °C • 10
4 6 m i n i m u m of T A I R °C
5 7 m a x i m u m of T A I R °C
6 8 d e w p o i n t t e m p e r a t u r e T D E W P °C • 10
7 9 stdev. of T D E W P °C • 10
8 10 m i n i m u m of T D E W P °C
9 11 m a x i m u m of T D E W P "C
10 12 sea s u r f a c e t e m p e r a t u r e SST °C • 10
11 13 stdev. of S S T °C • 10
12 14 m i n i m u m of SST °C
13 15 m a x i m u m of S ST °C
14 16 TA I R m i n u s S ST °C • 10
15 17 stdev. of T A I R min u s S ST °C ■ 100
16 18 m i n i m u m of T A I R - S ST °C
17 19 m a x i m u m of T A I R - SST °C
18 20 total c l o u d c ov e r o k t a s • 10
19 21 low c l o u d c o ver o k t a s • 10
20 22 m i x i n g r a t io g / k g • 10
21 23 m i x i n g rat io at SST g / k g • 10
22 24 sea level air p r e s s u r e PRESS hPa
23 25 stdev. of P R E S S h P a • 10
24 26 m i n i m u m of P R E S S hPa
25 27 s c al a r w i n d s p e e d W m /s
26 28 stdev. of W m/s
27 29 m a x i m u m of W m/s
28 30 e a s t - w e s t c o m p o n e n t of w i n d s p e e d U cm/s
29 31 stdev. of U cm/s
30 32 n o r t h - s o u t h c o m p o n e n t of wi nd s p ee d V cm/s
31 33 stdev. of V cm/s
32 34 w i n d d i r e c t i o n d e g r e e s f r o m n o rt h
33 35 p r e c i p i t a t i o n f r e q u e n c y pe r cent
34 36 sea ice c o v e r a g e per cent
35 37 net s h o r t w a v e r a d i a t i o n (Bl’D Y K O / B E R L I A N D ) w / < • 10 36 38 net l o n g w a v e r a d i a t i o n (BUD Y K0/ E F I M 0 V A ) W/ni • 10
37 39 net r a d i a t i o n (BUDYK0) W / m 2 • 10
38 40 latent h e a t f l u x (BUDYK0) W / m • 10
39 41 s e n s i b l e h e a t f l u x (BUDYK0) W / m 2 • 10
40 42 net a i r - s e a h e a t f l u x (BUDYK0) W / m 2 • 10
41 43 latent h e a t f l u x (BUNKER) W/nTo • 10
42 44 s e n s i b l e h e a t f l u x (BUNKER) W / m • 10
43 45 net a i r - s e a h e a t f l u x (BUNKER) W / m 2 • 10
44 46 east c o m p o n e n t of w i n d str ess (BUNKER) Pa • 100
4 5 47 n o r t h c o m p o n e n t of w i n d st r e s s (BUNKER) P a • 1 0 0
46 4 8 m ea n D a l t o n n u m b e r 10
47 49 t r a n s p o r t r a t i o 10 2
48 50 air d e n s i t y k g / m ^ 1 0
49 51 i n t e g r a t e d net a i r - s e a h e a t f l u x (BUDYK0) W • 10 50 52 i n t e g r a t e d net a i r - s e a h e a t f l u x (BUNKER) W • 10
O u t p r i n t of the f i rst m o n t h l y d a t a g r o u p of the f i rs t file on MTH43 0, c o n t a i n i n g the J a n u a r y air t e m p e r a t u r e d a t a for e a c h Gerryma nd er .
Uni ts are °C • 10 (table 1); 276 means 27 . 6°C.
1 276
4
276 278 273 274 275 274 268 267 257
267 272 272 273 275 266 273 268 251 250
259 262 264 266 264 268 264 268 255 263
266 266 269 265 261 265 266 270 267 271
267 266 265 267 205 197 204 209 212 224
211 223 239 243 225 219 215 211 231 235
234 234 235 242 233 235 241 243 249 240
246 251 256 249 247 253 251 257 257 261
262 265 254 252 259 256 263 261 265 264
260 264 256 257 263 262 266 264 266 260
267 261 253 254 255 261 261 267 269 262
186 182 181 189 185 190 189 183 192 186
198 192 209 198 198 209 207 202 204 201
211 207 219 215 226 222 231 227 207 205
215 213 223 221 230 229 237 235 207 206
217 216 226 225 236 233 243 241 204 204
217 216 229 226 241 238 248 245 202 201
202 221 223 216 229 239 247 250 157 201
196 184 215 217 234 234 219 246 158 166
195 189 194 218 229 230 136 147 148 144
145 149 143 137 156 160 150 155 149 159
166 166 168 173 178 175 156 154 161 164
169 172 180 180 188 185 157 158 168 166
176 175 185 184 194 192 146 153 167 166
176 175 187 186 196 195 135 140 156 163
170 174 183 185 193 196 95 119 141 150
158 165 176 181 188 191 67 76 107 123
146 151 172 163 181 181 144 141 156 102
96 83 109 100 119 115 92 124 130 108
110 119 116 126 122 134 129 142 136 106
109 116 120 129 128 138 136 146 146 86
98 103 109 113 124 133 136 146 151 9
26 42 64 85 67 105 87 128 134 -45
-23 -13 -5 10 20 33 63 93 117 -80
-38 1 -2 24 32 38 64 52 89 -19
-6 21 28 14 14 17 39 40 39 58
41 59 45 29 49 22 56 30 67 71
69 58 53 62 77 68 93 85 79 65
70 75 75 88 85 85 95 101 101 58
66 75 71 84 85 94 97 102 31 46
49 60 57 66 70 84 0 17 19 -8
30 -1 49 59 -47 -9 -21 -64 -34 -49
-50 -17 15 11 22 20 -14 49 47 37
54 44 33 43 59 45 59 45 36 37
55 45 58 63 62 21 -14 8 40 24
56 63 -16 -11 1 22 -11 42 31 39
51 64 16 25 29 -19 -17 -1 -6 -57
-12 -53 -58 -32 -9999 -22 -■9399 -45 -45 -44
-9999 -29 -42 -24 -35 -21 -■9999 31 15 -107
-58 42
-2 -9999
1 -9999 -2 -9999 -■9999 -9999 -9999 -9999
T a b l e 2: List of p a r a m e t e r f i l e s w h i c h are g i v e n in t h e s econd part of the tapes M T H 4 3 0 and M T H 4 3 1 . T h e s e q u e n c e nu m b e r of the r espective file on the tape and the p a r a m e t e r i d e n t i f i c a t i o n number, w h i c h r e fer s to B U N K E R ' S o u tp r in t s (e x ceptions are in b r a c k e t s ) a r e li s ted as well as the units. "Charts" in d i c a t e s v o l u m e nu m b e r a n d c h a r t nu m b e r of the c l i m a t e atlas (I SEMER & HASSE, 1985,1987).
s t d e v = s t a n d a r d deviation.
Fi l e - n u m b e r
I d e n t i f i c ati o n n umber
P a r a m e t e r name C h a r t s Unit
51 / inf o rm a t i on about c o ordinates /
52 4 air t e m p e r a t u r e TA IR 1 / 2 5 - 3 0 °C • 100
53 5 stdev. of TAIR °c • 100
54 8 d ew p o i n t t e m p e r a t u r e TDE W P °c • 100
55 9 stdev. of T D EW P °c • 100
56 12 sea surfa c e tempe r a t u r e SST 1/6-19 °c • 100
57 13 stdev. of SST 1/20-24 "C • 100
58 16 TAIR m i n u s S S T 1/31-44 °c • 100
59 17 stdev. of T A I R m i n u s SST 1/45 -4 9 °c • 103
60 20 total clou d cover 1/81-94 o k t a s • 100
61 21 low cloud cover 1 / 95- 1 00 okt as • 100
62 22 m i x i n g r a tio 1/5 0 -63 g / k g • 100
63 (53) stdev. of m i x i n g ratio 1/64-68 g / k g ■ 100
64 23 m i x i n g rat io at SST g / k g • 100
65 (54) m i x i n g ra t i o m i n u s m i x i n g
ratio at SS T 1/75-80 g / k g • 100
66 (55) r e l a t i v e h u m i d i t y 1/69-74 p e r cent •
67 24 sea level air pr es s u r e PRE SS 1 / 11 5 -12 8 h P a • 10
68 25 stdev. of PRESS 1/12 9- 13 3 h P a • 100
69 27 s c a l a r w i n d speed W 1/134 - 147 m / s • 10
70 28 stdev. of W m /s • 10
71 30 east c o m p o n e n t of
w i n d s p e e d U cm/s • 10
72 31 stdev. of U 1/167-171 cm/s • 10
73 32 n o r t h c o m p o n e n t of
w i n d s p e e d V cm/s • 10
74 33 stdev. of V 1/17 2 -17 6 cm/s • 10
75 (57) d i r e c t i o n a l st e a d i n e s s
of the w i n d 1/162-166 p er cent •
76 (58) d i v e r g e n c e of the w in d 1 /177-181 s 10
77 35 p r e c i p i t a t i o n f r e q u e n c y 1 /101-114 per c ent •
78 50 air d e n s i t y k g / m • 1 0 3
79 37 net s h o r t w a v e r a d i a t i o n p
( B U D Y K O / B E R L I A N D ) II/1-6 W / m • 100
80 38 net l o n g w a v e r a d i a t i o n p
(B U D Y K 0 / E F I M 0 V A ) II/7-12 W / m • 100
81 (1) net l o n g wa ve r a d i a t i o n p
(ELSASSER) W /m ? • 100
82 39 net r a d i a t i o n (BUDYK0) W / m “p • 100
83 40 latent h e a t f l u x (BUDYK0) W/m p • 100
84 41 s e n s i b l e h e a t f l u x (BUDYK0) W/m p • 100
85 42 net a i r - s e a h e a t f l u x (BUDYK0) W/m ■ 100
100
10
86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
101 102 103 104 105 106
43 44 45 46 47 (59) (60) (61) (62) (63) (64) (65) (6 6) (67) (6 8)
(69) (70) (71) (72) (73) (74)
latent h e a t f l u x (BUNKER) 11/13-18 s en s i b l e h e a t f l u x (BUNKER) 11/19-24 net a i r - s e a h e a t f l u x ( B U N K E R ) 1 1/ 25 -3 0 east c o m p o n e n t of
wind s t r e ss (BUNKER) 1 1 / 3 1 - 3 6 n o r t h c o m p o nent of
w i n d s t re s s (BUNKER) 1 1 / 3 1 - 3 6 s calar w i n d speed (revised) 1 1 / 3 7 - 4 2 net s h o r t w a v e ra d i a t i o n
(REED)
net s h o r t w a v e r a di at io n
(revised) 1 1 / 4 3 - 5 6
net longwa v e r a d i a t i o n
(revised) 1 1 / 5 7 - 7 0
net r a d i a t i o n (revised) 1 1 / 7 1 - 7 6 latent heat flux (revised) 1 1 / 7 7 - 9 0 e v a p o r a t i o n (revised) 1 1 / 9 1 - 9 6 s e ns i b l e heat flux (revised) 1 1 / 9 7 - 1 1 0 net a i r - s e a heat flux
(revised) 1 1 / 1 1 7 - 1 3 0
o c e a n i c h e at loss by net longwave radiati on , latent and s e ns i b l e heat fluxes
(revised) 1 1 / 1 1 1 - 1 1 6
east c o m p o n e n t of
w i n d s t r e s s (revised) 1 1 / 1 5 9 - 1 8 6 n o r t h c o m p o n e n t of
w i n d s tr e ss (revised) 1 1 / 1 5 9 - 1 8 6 curl of w in d st r e s s ( r e v i s e d ) 1 1 / 1 3 2 - 1 5 8 east c o m p o n e n t of Ekman
v o l u m e t r a ns po rt (revised) 1 1 / 1 8 7 - 2 0 0 n o r t h c o m p o n e n t of Ekman
v o l u m e t r a ns po rt (revised) 1 1 / 1 8 7 - 2 0 0 v e rt i ca l E k m a n v e l o c i t y
(revised) 1 1 / 2 0 1 - 2 0 6
O u t p r i n t of the b e g i n n i n g of file 52 on MTH430.
1 4
2740 2734 2729 2724 2721
2714 2711 2707 2703 2699
2639 2636 2638 2645 2655
2650 2636 2629 2628 2632
2661 2663 267 0 2677 2681
2739 2749 2755 2759 2762
2713 2709 2706 2704 2702
2694 2691 2688 2684 2680
2638 2640 2645 2655 2665
2651 2648 2650 2656 2667
2693 2698 2703 2708 2713
2752 2756 2759 2763 2766
2694 2692 2689 2687 2686
2680 2677 2674 2671 2668
2640 2641 2646 2654 2663
2667 2669 2674 2682 2692
2722 2725 2727 2730 2735
2754 2757 2760 2764 2768
2679 2677 2675 2674 2674
2669 2667 2665 2662 2659
2640 2641 2644 2651 2659
2685 2691 2699 2707 2716
2747 2748 2741 2738 2741
2755 2757 2761 2766 2771
2671 2668 2665 2664 2664
2662 2661 2660 2657 2655
2638 2636 2636 2639 2644
2689 2699 2709 2720 2729
2734 2729 2731 2734 2737
2758 2762 2767 2668 2669
2654 2654 2656 2657 2656
2649 2646 2642 2639 2635
2626 2629 2634 2641 2650
2729 2740 2746 2746 2744
2769 2662 2664 2664 2665
2649 26 46 2644 2643 2643
2639 2636 2633 2629 2625
2602 2601 2602 2603 2608
2684 2702 2718 2731 2739
2664 2664 2662 2660 2657
2632 2630 2628 2626 2623
2609 2604 2598 2591 2585
2567 2567 2570 2576 2585
2681 2699 2715 2726 2654
2654 2650 2645 2639 2634
2608 2603 2599 2595 2593
2558 2550 2543 2538 2536
2528 2535 2545 2555 2566
2708 2654 2659 2661 2660
2630 2625 2620 2614 2609
2573 2568 2563 2557 2550
2720 2719 2718 2717 2716
2695 2688 2677 2663 2649
2667 2676 2681 2679 2667
2641 2653 2661 2663 2662
2684 2690 2699 2711 2725
2765 2769 2774 2780 2717
2701 2700 2699 2697 2696
2675 2668 2658 2649 2641
2674 2679 2679 2671 2660
2678 2688 2692 2692 2691
2720 2727 2735 2742 2748
2770 2775 2780 2688 2694
2685 2684 2682 2682 2681
2664 2660 2655 2649 2643
2672 2677 2679 2676 2671
2703 2711 2716 2718 2720
2741 2746 2750 2752 2753
2772 2776 2780 2681 2681
2673 2672 2671 2671 2670
2656 2653 2651 2647 2643
2667 2673 2678 2680 2682
2724 2730 2734 2735 2739
2745 2749 2752 2753 2753
2775 2779 2780 2675 2673
2665 2665 2665 2664 2663
2652 2649 2646 2644 2641
2650 2657 2665 2673 2681
2736 2739 2742 2744 2742
2740 2743 2746 2750 2754
2668 2666 2663 2659 2656
2655 2655 2654 2653 2651
2632 2628 2626 2624 2624
2660 2673 2687 2702 2716
2743 2748 2753 2759 2764
2664 2663 2662 2658 2654
2643 2642 2641 2640 2640
2620 2614 2610 2606 2603
2615 2625 2636 2650 2667
2741 2737 2732 2658 2663
2654 2649 2644 2639 2635
2620 2619 2618 2617 2613
2578 2574 2572 2571 2569
2596 2610 2625 2643 2662
2660 2663 2664 2662 2658
2629 2624 2620 2616 2612
2590 2585 2580 2573 2566
2533 2529 2526 2523 2524
2580 2598 2620 2647 2676
2656 2652 2646 2641 2635
2603 2597 2591 2585 2578
2542 2533 2524 2515 2506
T a b le 3: L i s t of p a r a m e t e r f i l e s w h i c h are g i v e n on t ape 330146. T h e s e q u e n c e n u m b e r of the r e s p e c t i v e file on the tap e an d the par ame t er i d e n t i f i c a t i o n number, w h i c h r efers to B U N K E R ' S o u t p r i n t s (exceptions ar e in b r a c ket s ) are l i s t ed as well as the p h y s i c a l u n i t s in the ASCII f i l e s a f t e r c o n v e r s i o n w i t h BINPLO.ALG. "Charts" i n d i c a t e s vo l u m e n u m be r a n d cha r t nu m b e r of the c l i m a t e atlas,
s t d e v = s t a n d a r d deviation.
Identi f i - File-
number
cati on nu m ber
P a r a m e t e r name Ch a r t s Unit
1 / s u b d i r e c t o r y file /
2 4 air t e m p e r a t u r e T A I R 1 / 2 5- 30 °C
3 5 stdev. of TAIR °C
4 8 d e w p o i n t t e mp e r a t u r e TDE WP °C
5 9 stdev. of T D E W P °C
6 12 sea s u r f a c e t e m p e r a t u r e SS T 1/6-19 °C
7 13 stdev. of S S T 1/20-24 •c
8 16 TAIR minus SST 1/31-44 °C
9 17 stdev. of T A I R m i nus SST 1/45-49 °C
10 20 total c l o u d cov e r 1/81-94 ok tas
11 21 low c l o u d c o ver 1/ 95- 1 00 oktas
12 22 m i x i n g ratio 1/50-63 g / k g
13 (53) stdev. of m i x i n g ratio 1/64 - 68 g / k g
14 23 m i x i n g ratio at SST g / k g
15 (54) m i x i n g ratio m i nus m i x i n g
ratio at SST 1/75-80 g / k g
1G (55) r e l a t i v e h u m i d i t y 1/69 - 74 per cent
17 24 sea level a ir p r e s s u r e PRESS 1 / 1 15 -1 28 hPa
18 25 stdev. of P R E S S 1 / 1 29 - 133 hPa
19 27 s calar w i n d s p e e d W 1 / 1 34 -1 47 */s
20 28 stdev. of W m/s
21 30 east c o m p o n e n t of
w i n d s p e ed U cm/s
22 31 stdev. of U 1/ 167-171 cm/s
23 32 n o r t h c o m p o n e n t of
w i n d sp eed V cm/s
24 33 stdev. of V 1 / 1 7 2 - 1 7 6 cm/s
25 (57) d i r e c t i o n a l s t e a d i n e s s
of the w i n d 1 / 1 6 2 - 1 6 6 per cent
26 (58) d i v e r g e n c e o f the wind 1/17 7- 18 1 s-1 • 1 0 1
27 33 p r e c i p i t a t i o n f r e q u e n c y 1 / 10 1 -11 4 per cent
28 50 air d e n s i t y k g / m
29 37 net s h o r t w a v e r a d i a t i o n o
(B U DY K O / B E R L I A N D ) I I/1-6 W/m
3 0 38 net l o n g w a v e r a d i a t i o n o
(B U D Y K O / E F I M O V A ) I 1/7-12 W/m
31 (1) net l o n g w a v e r a d i a t i o n 2
(ELSASSER) */■:
32 39 n et r a d i a t i o n (BUDYKO) w/m;
33 40 l atent h e a t f l u x (BUDYKO) w/«;
34 41 s e n s i b l e h e a t f l u x (BUDYKO) W/m;
35 42 net a i r - s e a h e a t f l u x (BUDYKO) W / m
36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55 56
43 44 45 46 47 (59) (60) (61) (62) (63) (64) (65) (6 6) (67) (6 8)
(69) (70) (71) (72) (73) (74)
latent h e a t f l u x (BUNKER) 1 1/ 1 3 - 1 8 s e ns i b l e h e a t f l u x (BUNKER) 1 1/ 19 -2 4 net a i r - s e a h e a t f l u x ( B U N K E R ) 1 1 / 2 5 - 3 0 east c o m p o n e n t of
w i n d stress (BUNKER) 1 1 / 3 1 - 3 6 no rth c om p o n e n t of
w i n d stress (BUNKER) 1 1 / 3 1 - 3 6 sc a l a r w i n d s p e e d (revised) 1 1 / 3 7 - 4 2 net s h o r t w a v e rad i a t i o n
(REED)
net s h o r t w a v e ra d i a t i o n
(revised) 1 1 / 4 3 - 5 6
net l on g w a v e r a d i a t i o n
(revised) 1 1/ 57 - 7 0
net r a d i a t i o n (revised) 1 1/7 1 -76 latent h ea t f lu x (revised) 1 1/ 7 7 - 9 0 e v a p o r a t i o n (revised) 1 1 / 9 1 - 9 4 , 9 6
11 /95 s e n s i b l e heat flux (revised) 11/9 7- 11 0 net a i r - s e a h e a t flux
(revised) 1 1 / 1 17 -1 30
o c e a n i c heat loss by net l o ng w av e radiation, latent and s e n s i b l e h e a t fluxes
(revised) 1 1 / 1 1 1 - 1 1 6
east c o m p o n e n t of
w i n d s tr e ss (revised) 1 1 / 1 59- 1 86 nor t h c o m p o n e n t of
w i n d st r es s (revised) 1 1 / 1 59 -1 86 curl of w i n d st r e s s ( r e v i s e d ) 1 1 /13 2 - 1 5 8 east c o m p o n e n t of Ekman
v o l u m e t r a n s p o r t (revised) 1 1 / 1 87 - 200 nor t h c o m p o n e n t of E k m a n
v o l u m e t r a n s p o r t (revised) 1 1/ 18 7 - 2 0 0 v e rt i c a l E k m a n v e l o c i t y
(revised) 1 1 / 2 0 1 - 2 0 6
S o u r c e code of B I N P L O . A L G w r i t t e n in ALGOL-60.
COMMENT
PROGRAMM B I N P L O . A L G VERSION MAERZ 1987
HANS-JOERG ISEMER
NORD-ATLANTIK-KLIMADATEN WERDEN AUS EINEM BINAERFILE IN DAS ARRAY "FELD" GELESEN.
DAS ARRAY "FELD" ENTHAELT JEWEILS EIN MONATSFELD.
DIESES MONATSFELD WIRD IN EIN ASCII FILE
GESCHRIEBEN, DER ENTSPRECHEND DEN FORMATANFORDERUNGEN FUER ZEICHENPROGRAMME AUFGEBAUT IST (Z.B. PLVEIS ETC).
INFORMATIONEN ZUM PROGRAMMABLAUF WERDEN DEM FILE BINPLO.INP ENTNOMMEN.
DAS PROGRAMM BENOETIGT
1. EINEN INFORMATIONSFILE "DSKrBINPLO.INP", 2. EINEN KOOPDINATENFILE "DSK:KOORDI.NAT", 3. EINEN PARAMETERFILE "DSK:PARAME.TER", 4. EINEN BINAEREN DATENFILE, DER AUF DER IM
INFORMATIONSFILE ANGEGEBENEN PLATTE STEHT.
BEGIN
BOOLEAN PMRF;
REAL ARRAY F E L D [1:120,1:70];
INTEGER M ,M A ,M E ,F ,P1,I ,J ,UEBNUM,PFILE,X A ,X E ,Y A ,Y E ; REAL DIVIS;
STRING N A M E ,M I T ,DATDSK,BINDSK,N A H ,U E B ,UEBS;
STRING ARRAY ENDUNG[1:74],MONAT[1:13],UEBER[1:74];
PROCEDURE SET2(XARR,A l ,B l ,A 2 ,B 2 ,WERT);
COMMENT=================================================
DIE PROZEDUR "SET2" ORDNET JEDEM ELEMENT DES ZWEIDIMENSIONALEN ARRAYS ,’ FELD[A1:B1,A2:B2]"
DEN DURCH DIE VARIABLE "WERT" DEFNIERTEN WERT ZU
f
REAL ARRAY XARR;INTEGER B1.B2.A1,A2;REAL WERT;
BEGIN
INTEGER I ,J;
FOR I:= Al UNTIL Bl DO BEGIN
FOR J:= A2 UNTIL B2 DO X A R R [I,J]:=WERT;
END— I--;
END— "WERT”-SETZEN EINES ZWEIDIMENSIOALEN REAL ARRAYS— ;
P R O C E D U R E P L O F I ( X A ,X E ,Y A ,Y E ,P ,M ,U E B E R S C H R I F T ,F E L D ) ;
C O M M E N T = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = D I E P R O Z E D U R " P L O FI " E R Z E U G T E I N E N ASCII-FILE, D E R E I N M O N A T S F E L D E I NE S P A RA M E T E R S , DAS IM ARRAY "FELD" U E B E R G E B E N WIRD, IM P L V E I S - F O R M A T E N T H A EL T .
X A ,X E ,Y A ,Y E SIND D I E A N F A N G S - U N D E N D K O O R D I N A T E N D E S G E
W Ü N S C H T E N F E L D A U S S C H N I T T S . XA, Y A S O LLTEN J E W E I L S ( N*10.)+l SEIN.
X E , Y E M U E S S E N (N*10.) SEIN.
P U N D M SI N D D I E P A R A M E T E R - BZ W M ON AT SK EN NU NG .
" U E B E R S C H R I F T " E N T H A E L T E I N E N STRING, DER IN DE N H E A D E R DES A S C I I - F I L E S G E S C H R I E B E N W I R D (SIEHE PLVEIS.DOC).
R E A L A R R A Y FELD;
I N T E G E R X A , X E , Y A , Y E , P , M ; S T R I N G U E B E R S C H R I F T ; B E G I N
I N T E G E R I;
R E A L A R R A Y P A R A M [ Y A : Y E ] ;
I N T E G E R Q l ,Q 2 ,T Y P ,Z M A X ,M A ,K E ,N A ,N E ,X ,Y ,Z Z ; R E A L Q 3 ,Z E I T ,D I V I S O R ,P O S W E R T ,N N ;
M A : = 1 ; M E : = X E - X A + 1 ; NA:=1;
N E : = Y E - Y A + 1 ; Ql:=1;
Q2 := 99 9;
Q 3 : = - 77 7 7.0 ; T Y P : = 1 0 0 + M ; Z E I T : = 0 . ; D I V I S O R :=1.;
P F 1 :
W R I T E ( U E B E R S C H R I F T ) ; NE WL I N E ;
P R I N T ( T Y P , 4,0);
P R I N T ( Z E I T , 4,2);
P R I N T ( D I V I S O R , 4 , 2 ) ; PR I N T ( D I V I S O R , 4 , 2 ) ; N E W L I N E ; N N := N E ;
Z M A X : = (NN/10.);
FOR X : = XA STEP 1 U N T I L X E DO B E G I N
FOR Y : = Y A STEP 1 U N T I L Y E DO B E G I N
P A R A M t Y ] : = F E L D [ X , Y ] ; E N D — Y — ;
FOR ZZ: = 1 STEP 1 UNTIL ZMAX DO BEGIN
PRINT (X-XA+1, 5,0) ;PRINT( ((ZZ—1) *10+1,5,0) ;PRINT(ZZ*10,5,0) ; FOR Y:= ({ZZ—1)*10)+YA STEP 1 UNTIL ((ZZ*10)+YA-1) DO
PRINT(PARAM[Y],7,3);
NEWLINE;
END-— ZZ— ; END— X ---- ; COMMENT
DAS BILD LIEGT NUN MIT WEST-OST ACHSE
IN PLOTPAPIERRICHTUNG. X UND Y ENTSPRECHEN DEN KOORDINATEN IM ZEICHENPROGRAMMEN WIE Z.B. PLVEIS.
PRINT(X,5,0);PRINT(Ql,5,0);PRINT(Ql,5,0);
PRINT(Q3,7,3);
NEWLINE;
PRINT(Q2,5,0);
FOR I := 1,2 DO PRINT(ZEIT,5,2);NEWLINE;
END— PROZEDUR PLOFI— ;
PROCEDURE REABIN(NAME,M,P,PFILE,FELD,BINDSK,DIVIS,P R ) ;
1 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = B O O L E A N PR;STRING NAME,BINDSK;
INTEGER M,PFILE,P;
REAL DIVIS;
REAL ARRAY FELD;
COMMENT
DIE PROZEDUR "REABIN" LIEST JEWEILS EIN MONATSFELD FUER DEN NORDATLANTIK AUS BINAEREN DATENFILES
IN DAS ARRAY FELD;
BEGIN
INTEGER ANZDAT,I ,M I ,P I ,D I ,P H I ,L AM,WERT;
INPUT(1,BINDSK,11);
I N P U T (2,"DSK");
OPENFILE(2,"KOORDI.NAT");
COMMENT DER FILE KOORDI.NAT ENTHAELT DIE KOORDINATEN SAEIITLICHER 1 GRAD GITTERPUNKTE IM NORDATLANTIK;
OPENFILE(1,NAME);
ANZDAT:=4194;
COMMENT ANZAHL SAEMTLICHER 1 GRAD GITTERPUNKTE
IM NORDATLANTIK;
SET2(FELD,1,110,1,70,-9999.);
SELECTINPUT(1);
IF M=1 THEN GO TO LB1;
FOR I:=l UNTIL ((M-l) * (ANZDAT+3)) DO BEGIN
SKIPSYMBOL;
END;
LB1:
INSYMBOL(MI);
INSYMBOL(PI);
INSYMBOL(DI);
COMMENT EINLESEN DER MONATS-, PARAMETERKENNUNG UND DES DIVISIONSFAKTORS (IST IMMER = 100.)
•
t
PFILE:=PI;
IF MI#M OR PI#P THEN PR:=TRUE;
IF PR THEN GOTO MUNGLEICH;
FOR I := 1 UNTIL ANZDAT DO BEGIN
SELECTINPUT(2);
READ(PHI);
READ(LAM);
SELECTINPUT(1);
INSYMBOL(WERT);
FELD[LAM,PHI]:=WERT;
FELD [LAM,PHI]:=FELD[LAM,PHI]/ (DI*DIVIS);
COMMENT EINLESEN EINES KOORDINATENPAARES UND DES ZU- GEHOERIGEN DATENVERTES UND ZUORDNUNG IN DAS ARRAY
"FELD". "DIVIS" IST EIN PARAMETERABHAENGIGER DIVISOR, DER DIE PARAMETEREINHEIT ERZEUGT (SIEHE IFM BERICHT 160A)
END— I — ; MUNGLEICH:
FOR I:= 1,2 DO RELEASE(I);
IF PR THEN BEGIN
SELECTOUTPUT(0);
WR I T E ("ACHTUNG ! PARAMETER UNGLEICH: ") ; NEWLINE;
W R I T E ("MONATSWERT IN BINPLO.INP: ") ; PRINT(M,5,0);NEWLINE;
WR T T E ("NONATSWERT IM DATENFILE: ");
PRINT(MI,5,0);NEWLINE ;
W R I T E ("PARAMETERWERT IN BINPLO.INP: ");
PRINT(P,5,0); NEWLINE;
W R I T E ("PARAKETERWERT IM DATENFILE: ");
PRINT(PI,5,0);
NEWLINE;
END;
END— REABIN--- PROCEDURE FB(PWERT,DWERT,P,DIVIS);
I = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
INTEGER PWERT,P;
REAL DWERT,DIVIS;
BEGIN
IF P=PWERT THEN DIVIS:=DWERT;
END;
COMMENT BEGINN DES HAUPTPROGRAMMS
PMRF:=FALSE;
COMHENT
DIE BOOLSCHE VARIABLE PKRF IST NUR "TRUE", WENN PARAMETER
ODER MONATSKENNUNG IM DATENFILE NICHT MIT DEN GEWUENSCHTEN ANGABEN IM FILE "BINPLO.INP" UEBEREINSTIMMEN. DANN ERFOLGT PROGRAMMABBRUCH.
OUTPUT(0, "TTY”) ; INPUT(3,"DSK");
OPENFILE(3, "PARAME.TER");
SELECTINPUT(3);
FOR I:= 1 UNTIL 13 DO READ(MONAT[I]);
FOR I:= 1 UNTIL 74 DO READ(ENDUNG[I]);
FOR I:= 1 UNTIL 74 DO READ(UEBER [I]);
CLOSEFILEO);
COMMENT
MONATSNAMEN UND PARAMETERNAMEN WERDEN EINGELESEN;
OPENFILE(3, "BINPLO.INP") ; SELECTINPUT(3);
INLINE(BINDSK);
INLINE(DATDSK);
READ(MA);
READ(ME);
READ(P);
READ(XA);READ(XE);READ(YA);READ(YE);
INLINE(NAM);
CLOSEFILEO);
COMMENT
INFIRMATIONEN ZUM PROGRAMMABLAUF WERDEN
EINGELESEN;
D I V I S :
=10.
;FOR P I := 24,25,27,28,30,32,35,46,47,53,55,57,58,74 DO FB(PI,l.,P,DIVIS);
FOR Pl:= 59,69,70 DO FB (PI,1 0 0 . ,P,DIVIS);
FB(71,1000.
,P,D I V I S ) ; C O M M E N TFESTLEGUNG EINES PARAMETERABHAENGIGEN DIVISORS;
F O R
M
:=MA UNTIL ME
D OBEGIN
NAME:=CONCAT(NAM,"BI") ;
R E A B I N ( N A M E ,M ,P ,P F I L E ,F E L D ,B I N D S K ,D I V I S ,P M R F ) ;
IF PMRF THEN
BEGIN
S E L E C T O U T P U T
(0)
;NEWLINE;
WRITE("PROGRAKMABBRUCH");NEWLINE;
GOTO SCHLUSS;
END;
O U T P U T (9,DATDSK);
NAME :=CONCAT(NAM,ENDUNG[M]);
OPENFILE(9,NAME);
S E L E C T O U T P U T
(9)
;U E B S :=CONCAT(UEBER[P]," ", M O N A T [M]);
PLOFI(XA,XE,YA,YE,P,M,UEBS,FELD);
R E L E A S E (9);
S E L E C T O U T P U T
(0)
;W R I T E ("FERTIG: ");
W R I T E (MONAT[M]);
N E W L I N E ;
END— M — ;
SC HL US S:END;
The Gerrymander configuration o ve r the North Atlantic Ocean after BUNKER (1976) with data (ietct numbers tor the monthly sections
in each tile ot the' original BUNKER data.The ioMowmg numbers do not appear on the map but are in the data tile: 103, no (in the North
Pacific Ocean), 200-204 (in the Mediterranean Sea),427 (in the Baltic Sea).
? o .
5 0 ° m
<0V 30°UI 20°w
1 0 ° \ A
