arXiv:1905.03733v1 [hep-ph] 9 May 2019
Analytic form of the full two-loop five-gluon all-plus helicity amplitude
S. Badger a , D. Chicherin b , T. Gehrmann c , G. Heinrich b , J. M. Henn b , T. Peraro c , P. Wasser d , Y. Zhang b,e , S. Zoia b
a
Institute for Particle Physics Phenomenology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
b
Max-Planck-Institut f¨ ur Physik, Werner-Heisenberg-Institut, D-80805 M¨ unchen, Germany
c
Physik-Institut, Universit¨ at Z¨ urich, Wintherturerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Z¨ urich, Switzerland
d
PRISMA+ Cluster of Excellence, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
e
Interdisciplinary Center for Theoretical Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
We compute the full-color two-loop five-gluon amplitude for the all-plus helicity configuration. In order to achieve this, we calculate the required master integrals for all permutations of the external legs, in the physical scattering region. We verify the expected divergence structure of the amplitude, and extract the finite hard function. We further validate our result by checking the factorization properties in the collinear limit. Our result is fully analytic and valid in the physical scattering region. We express it in a compact form containing logarithms, dilogarithms and rational functions.
PACS numbers: 12.38Bx
The abundant amount of data to be collected by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations in future runs of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN opens up a new era of precision physics. Some of the most prominent preci- sion observables are related to three-jet production [1, 2], which allows in-depth studies of the strong interaction up to the highest energy scales, including precision mea- surements of the QCD coupling constant α s and its scale evolution. The physics exploitation of these precision data requires highly accurate theory predictions, which are obtained through the computation of higher orders in perturbation theory. Second-order corrections (next- to-next-to-leading order, NNLO) were computed recently for many two-to-two scattering processes, including two- jet production [3]. A comparable level of theoretical ac- curacy could up to now not be obtained for genuine two- to-three processes, especially since the relevant matrix elements for processes involving five external partons in- cluding full color are known only up to one loop [4–6].
The evaluation of these two-loop five parton matrix el- ements faces two types of challenges: to relate the large number of two-loop integrands to a smaller number of master integrals, and to compute these master integrals (two-loop five-point functions). Important progress was made most recently on both issues, with the develop- ment and application of efficient integral reduction tech- niques, either analytical [7–14] or semi-numerical [15, 16], as well as with the computation of the two-loop five-point functions for planar [17–19] and non-planar [20, 21] inte- gral topologies. The latter developments already have led to first results for two-loop five-point amplitudes in su- persymmetric Yang-Mills theory [22, 23] and supergrav- ity [24, 25].
The recent progress enabled the computation of the full set of the leading-color two-loop corrections to the five-parton amplitudes, represented in a semi-numerical form [10, 26–28]. These results are establishing the tech- nical methodology, their evaluation is however too ineffi- cient for practical use in the computation of collider cross
sections. Towards this aim, analytic results are prefer- able, which were obtained so far only at leading color for the five-parton amplitudes [17, 29–31]. Besides the more efficient numerical evaluation, these results also al- low for detailed investigations of the limiting behavior in kinematical limits, thereby elucidating the analytic prop- erties of scattering in QCD.
The leading-color corrections consist only of planar Feynman diagrams. At subleading color level, non-planar diagrams and integrals contribute as well, leading to a considerable increase in complexity, both in the reduc- tion of the integrand and in the evaluation of the master integrals. In this Letter, we make the first step towards the fully analytic evaluation of two-loop five-point am- plitudes, by exploiting the recently derived non-planar two-loop five-point master integrals [20, 21] to obtain an analytic expression for the two-loop five-gluon amplitude with all-plus helicities [32].
Kinematics. We study the scattering of five gluons in the all-plus helicity configuration. The corresponding amplitude has a complete permutation symmetry under exchange of external gluons. The five light-like momenta p i are subject to on-shell and momentum conservation conditions, p 2 i = 0, and P 5
i=1 p i = 0, respectively. They give rise to the following independent parity-even Lorentz invariants
X = {s 12 , s 23 , s 34 , s 45 , s 15 } , (1) with s ij = 2 p i · p j , as well as to the parity-odd invariant ǫ 5 = tr(γ 5 / p 1 / p 2 / p 3 / p 4 ). The latter is related to the Gram determinant ∆ = det(s ij | 4 i,j=1 ) through ǫ 2 5 = ∆.
Without loss of generality, we take the kinematics to lie in the s 12 scattering region. The latter is defined by all s-channel invariants being positive, i.e.
s 12 > 0 , s 34 > 0 , s 35 > 0 , s 45 > 0 , (2) and t-channel ones being negative, i.e.
s 1j < 0 , s 2j < 0 , for j = 3, 4, 5 , (3)
as well as by the requirement that the particle momenta are real, which implies ∆ < 0.
The external momenta p i lie in four-dimensional Minkowski space. We will encounter D−dimensional Feynman integrals, with D = 4 − 2ǫ, and the loop mo- menta therefore live in D dimensions. We keep the ex- plicit dependence on the spin dimension D s = g µ µ of the gluon, which enters the calculation via the integrand nu- merator algebra. Results in the t’Hooft-Veltman [33] and Four-Dimensional-Helicity [34] schemes can be obtained by setting D s = 4 − 2ǫ and D s = 4, respectively. We denote κ = (D s − 2)/6.
Decomposition of the amplitude in terms of color structures. We expand the unrenormalized am- plitude in the coupling a = g 2 e −ǫ γ
E/(4π) 2−ǫ as
A 5 = i g 3 X
ℓ≥0
a ℓ A (ℓ) 5 . (4) Due to the particular helicity-configuration, the ampli- tude vanishes at tree-level [35, 36], and is hence finite at one loop.
The amplitude is a vector in color space. Adopting the conventions of Ref. [37], we decompose the one- and two-loop amplitude as
A (1) 5 =
12
X
λ=1
N c A (1,0) λ T λ +
22
X
λ=13
A (1,1) λ T λ , (5)
A (2) 5 =
12
X
λ=1
N c 2 A (2,0) λ + A (2,2) λ T λ +
22
X
λ=13
N c A (2,1) λ T λ .
(6) Here the {T λ } consist of 12 single traces, λ = 1, . . . , 12, and 10 double traces, λ = 13, . . . , 22. We have
T 1 = Tr(12345) − Tr(15432) ,
T 13 = Tr(12) [Tr(345) − Tr(543)] , (7) where Tr(i 1 i 2 ... i n ) ≡ Tr(T a
i1... T a
in) denotes the trace of the generators T a
iof the fundamental representation of SU (N c ). The remaining color basis elements T λ are given by permutations of T 1 and T 13 . For the explicit expressions, see Eqs. (2.1) and (2.2) of [37].
The one-loop expression can be found in [4]. Here we write it in a new form,
A (1,0) 1 = κ 5
X
S
T1[24] 2
h13ih35ih51i + 2 [23] 2 h14ih45ih51i
, (8)
up to O(ǫ) terms. The sum runs over the subset S T
λof permutations of the external legs that leave T λ invariant.
All other terms in (5) follow from symmetry, and from U (1) decoupling relations.
The new representation (8) makes a symmetry prop- erty manifest. The basic rational object is invariant un-
1 2
3 4
5
(a) 1
2 3
4 5
(b) 1
2
5 4
3 (c)