Figs. 194-203. Thomisidae (Philodromidae), Tibellus. T. macellus:
194 habitus; 195 epigyne. T. macellus georgicus: 196 epigyne; 197 habitus. T. oblongus: 198 habitus; 199 epigyne; 200 male palpus. T.
maritimus: 201 habitus; 202 male palpus; 203 epigyne.
164 CHAPTER 7. KEYS AND DESCRIPTIONS 7.16.4 Thomisus Walckenaer, 1805
1. Thomisus onustus Walckenaer, 1805
Description: Female body length 6.57 mm, male 3.54.5 mm. The brown carapace bears a yellow or white longitudinal band. The protuberances of the lateral eyes are quite strong and inclined. The posterior part of the abdomen is wide, with two lateral mounds; pale yellow or greenish, with dark inclined lines on the sides and two rows of black spots (Fig. 204). Epigyne like Fig.
205. Male palpus like Fig. 206.
Ecology: This species can be found on owers or in high grass. These spiders do not construct webs to catch prey. They feed on butteries, beetles, bugs and grasshoppers after leaping upon and catching them with their front legs.
They are rather slow-moving spiders.
Distribution: Palearctic and equatorial Africa. In Georgia: Zestaponi (Qvirila), Kutaisi (Kulczy«ski 1899), Tbilisi, Manglisi, Kodzhori, Khara-gauli, Tshiatura, Tqibuli, Ambrolauri, Baghdati, Sairme, Batumi, Poti, Su-khumi, Lake Ritsa (Mcheidze 1940, 1966).
Taxonomy: Platnick (2013): Thomisus onustus Walckenaer, 1805. Mchei-dze (1997) also lists the synonym Thomisus albus (Gmelin, 1878).
7.16.5 Tmarus Simon, 1875
Key to species Tmarus horvathi (p. 165) is not keyed.
1(2) ƒMale palpus tibia with a dorsal appendage, having a tip curved towards the tibia basis (Fig. 208). Carapace length 1.25 mm.
„PME markedly larger than AME. Carapace brownish with white venation. Dorsum with white marks and three transversal bands, the posterior band not always well visible. Carapace length ap-proximately 2 mm. . . 1. T. piger (p. 164) 2(1) ƒ Dorsal side of the male palpus tibia with an appendage, which is pointed and directed towards tibia tip. Carapace length 1.2 mm.
„ PME weakly or not larger than the anterior me-dian eyes. Coloration and size comparable to the former species. . . 2. T. stellio (p. 165)
1. Tmarus piger (Walckenaer, 1802)
Description: Female body length 4.56 mm, male 3.2 mm. The brown carapace bears white and yellow lines. The sternum is black with small-sized white marks. The gray abdomen bears a longitudinal white band and three transversal lines. Its rear end bears an elongated conical protuberance,
7.16. THOMISIDAE (INCL. PHILODROMIDAE) 165 which runs vertically down towards the spinnerets (Fig. 210). Epigyne like Fig. 209, male palpus like Fig. 208.
Habitat: Forest species, living on the forest edge in grass and on bushes.
Distribution: Palearctic (except North Africa60). In the former USSR in the Moscow Region, Ukraine, Crimea, Transcaucasus, southern Urals, Siberia. In Georgia: Manglisi, Betania, Lentekhi (Mcheidze 1959). First record in Georgia.
Taxonomy: Platnick (2013): Tmarus piger (Walckenaer, 1802). In Mchei-dze (1997) author without brackets.
2. Tmarus stellio Simon, 1875
Description: Female carapace length 2 mm, male 1.2 mm.
„ The brown carapace bears a white venation. The PME are markedly larger than the AME61. The dark dorsum bears white marks and three transversal bands, which are not always well visible. The black epigyne has a median indention.
ƒPalpus tibia long and with a stem-like elongated basis.
Habitat: On ligneous plants and shrubs.
Distribution: On the shores of the Black Sea, Mikhailovski Pass (Spassky 1937). In Georgia: Sukhumi, Batumi, Kobuleti (Mcheidze 1962).
Taxonomy: Platnick (2013): Tmarus stellio Simon, 187562. 3. Tmarus horvathi Kulczy«ski, 1895
Description: PME of the female are markedly larger than the AME; all AE are spaced at uniform distances. The posterior part of the abdomen is wedge-like. The epigynal opening is isolated, wider than long and wider towards its posterior end.
Distribution: Kutaisi (Kulczy«ski 1895), Lagodekhi (Mcheidze 1940). En-demic species in Georgia.
Taxonomy: Platnick (2013): Tmarus horvathi Kulczy«ski, 1895.
7.16.6 Pistius Simon, 1875 1. Pistius truncatus (Pallas, 1772)
Description: Female carapace length 3.5 mm, width 2.7 mm; abdomen length 4.5 mm, width 5.6 mm. Male carapace length 2.2 mm, width 2.3 mm.
„ The dark brown carapace bears brown spots and has rough sides.
The legs are brown. The anterior part of the abdomen is sloping directly downwards, its posterior part is gradually enlarged; edges are conical and
60Mcheidze (1997) sic: 'except South Africa', probably lapsus.
61Sic Mcheidze (1997), contradicting the determination key, instance 2.
62In Mcheidze (1997) sic: 'Tmarus stelio (E. Simon, 1875)', lapsi.
166 CHAPTER 7. KEYS AND DESCRIPTIONS bulged. The edges of the brown-red abdomen have darkened brown wrinkled marks. The epigynal openings are very small.
ƒThe entire surface of the dark brown carapace bears brown spots, its dorsal part is almost at. The anterior part of the abdomen is rounded, in its posterior third broader and on the sides with two blunt protuberances, behind which the abdomen is narrowed and rounded.
The integument is shagreen, dark brown, with irregularly arranged brown spots and ve very large and deep foveae. The black sternum bears many small spots. Legs I and II are very thick; the femur is comparably narrow.
The palpus is black or spotted brown.
Habitat: In grassy places, in scrubs.
Distribution: Regions of Moscow, Saratov, Carpathian Mountains and Rostov, Crimea, Caucasus. In the European part of the former USSR. In Georgia: Sukhumi (Spassky 1937), Poti, Agudzera (Mcheidze 1952, 1965).
Taxonomy: Platnick (2013): Pistius truncatus (Pallas, 1772). Mcheidze (1997) also lists the synonym [sic] 'P. horridus (Fabr., 1775)'.
7.16.7 Heriaeus Simon, 1875
Key to species
1(4) Males. . . 2 2(3) Outer palpus tibia apophysis tip forked; its ventral apophysis markedly shorter than its outer apophysis (Fig. 211). . . .
. . . 1. H. hirtus (p. 166) 3(2) Outer palpus tibia apophysis tip not forked, but elongated and with a pointed tip (Fig. 212). Ventral apophysis markedly shorter than outer apophysis. . . 2. H. oblongus (p. 167) 4(1) Females . . . 5 5(6) Abdomen elongated and comparably small, oval. Epigyne like Fig.
213. Body length 78 mm. . . 2. H. oblongus (p. 167) 6(5) Abdomen large and triangular. Body length 68 mm. . . . . . . 1. H. hirtus (p. 166)
1. Heriaeus hirtus (Latreille, 1819)
Description: Female carapace length 3.8 mm; width 2.4 mm; abdomen length 5.2 mm. Male carapace length 2.5 mm.
„The carapace is dark greenish, sometimes with a reddish eye relief and a white band. The PE stand closer to one another than the LE. The PE are similar; forming a procurved line.
The abdomen is weakly attened and of equal length and width. Its anterior end is narrowed and bluntly cut-o; its posterior end is broadened
7.16. THOMISIDAE (INCL. PHILODROMIDAE) 167 and bears a round apophysis. The venter is greenish and bears numerous anterior and lateral wavelike lines as well as many straight broad white lines in the posterior part. The setae are white, while the extremities are body-colored. The epigyne bears a short red broad triangular plate in its anterior part.
ƒThe carapace is brown shingle-colored and rather dark greenish. The setae are very thick and long, the white bands at the basis are of dierent color. The cephalic region is short and gradually narrowed; bluntly cut-in and rather broad in its frontal part.
The PE are similar; forming a procurved line. The distance between the ME is shorter than between the LE. The sternum is smooth and wider than long.
The abdomen is long and bears a rounded dorsum; towards the poste-rior third it is broadened, but narrowed further back. The extremities are greenish shingle-colored, often monochromatic. The palpus is black.
Habitat: Grass and shrubs.
Distribution: Estonia, Crimea, Transcaucasus. In Georgia: Kutaisi (Kul-czy«ski, 1895), Batumi, Poti, Tshakvi (Mcheidze 1969).
Taxonomy: Platnick (2013): Heriaeus hirtus (Latreille, 1819).
2. Heriaeus oblongus Simon, 1918
Description: Female body length 6.57.5 mm, male 4.55.5. The carapace is gray green; with a longitudinal white band. The sternum is greenish. The abdomen is elongated, oval, pale green and with a vague white band. The abdomen is as long as wide.
The entire body of the male is densely covered with long bright spines (Fig. 214). Epigyne like Fig. 213. Male palpus like Fig. 212.
Habitat: In grass and shrubs of the forest-steppe zone.
Distribution: Europe, Anatolia. In the former USSR in Central Asia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Siberia, Caucasus. In Georgia: Kodzhori, Beta-nia, Manglisi, Poti (Mcheidze 1940, 1950, 1960). First record in Georgia.
Taxonomy: Platnick (2013): Heriaeus oblongus Simon, 1918. In Mcheidze (1997) author with brackets.
7.16.8 Diaea Thorell, 186963 1. Diaea dorsata (Fabricius, 1777)
Description: Female carapace length and width 2.5 mm; abdomen length 4.8 mm, width 4.2 mm. Male carapace length 2 mm, width 2 mm.
„The carapace is dark shingle-colored, with a marginal greenish line and laking a frontal mark. The eye protuberances are white; the setae very long,
63In Mcheidze (1997) sic: 'DIAE THOR., 1869', probably lapsus.
168 CHAPTER 7. KEYS AND DESCRIPTIONS thorn-like and situated between the protuberances. The upper eyes are in a similar position. The legs are mostly green (Fig. 215).
The oval abdomen is longer than wide; its posterior end is rounded. The dorsum is brown red, more or less darkened and has a continuous white fringe.
ƒThe male is bright brown-reddish with a thin marginal line. The eye region bears brown marks and a black venation. The eyes are surrounded by a yellow circle. The integument bears strong, long and thorn-like setae; the surface is almost at. The clypeus is broad and not at between the ME.
The sternum is dark red. Legs I and II are very long, dark red; the femur is spotted and bears brown rings. The posterior legs are dark shingle-colored.
The palpus is light brown.
The abdomen is oval and narrow, elongated and in the posterior part rounded on both sides; brownish with a white fringe, which is more or less visible from below. A median longitudinal band originates at the anterior end, alongside of which are two lateral, inclined, shingle-colored marks; three triangles are situated in the posterior part.
Habitat: On shrubs and small woody plants.
Distribution: In the European part of the former USSR, Crimea, Caucasus, Tajikistan. In Georgia: Lagodekhi (Mt. Ninigori at 2400 m a.s.l.; Mcheidze 1939). First record in Georgia.
Taxonomy: Platnick (2013): Diaea dorsata (Fabricius, 1777)64. 7.16.9 Oxyptila Simon, 1864
Key to species
1(6) ƒ . . . 2 2(3) Palpus tibia with two, sometimes almost uniformly sized, blunt apophyses. Outer apophysis close to the tarsal joint, broad, straight and its tip rounded. Inner apophysis tip hardly enlarged and with a curved inner side (Fig. 216). Body length 4.54.7 mm. . . 1. O. lugubris (p. 170) 3(2) Palpus tibia without two blunt apophyses. . . 4 4(5) Basis of the outer apophysis of the palpus tibia broad, its tip pointed (Fig. 218). Body length 3.3 mm. . . .
. . . 2. O. praticola (p. 170) 5(4) Outer apophysis of the palpus tibia bodkin-shaped, slightly curved.
Inner apophysis half as long as outer apophysis (Figs. 221, 221 a).
Body length 3.1 mm. . . 3. O. trux (p. 172) 6(1) „ . . . 7
64In Mcheidze (1997) sic: '(Fabr., 1864)', lapsus.
7.16. THOMISIDAE (INCL. PHILODROMIDAE) 169