Figs. 152156. Gnaphosidae, Drassodes (in part.). D. villosus: 152 epigyne; 153 palpus. D. pubescens: 154 epigyne; 155 palpus; D.
albicans: 156 habitus.
7.13.3 Haplodrassus Chamberlin, 1922
1. Haplodrassus signifer (C. L. Koch, 1839)
Description: Female body length 8 mm, male 6.2 mm.
„The carapace is often bulged and bears a broad clypeus. The triangular AE almost touch each other. The chelicerae are thick and bulged, their ventral side bears two thick teeth. The legs are short and thick. Tarsus IV lacks a stronger scopula.
The abdomen bears uniform blackish markings (Fig. 158).
ƒ Habitus like Fig. 157. The stout palpus is as long as wide; its outer apophysis is sickle-shaped (Fig. 159). Epigyne like Fig. 160.
Ecology: In woody places, in mosses, under rocks, in grass. These spiders do not construct a web but instead dig a straight shallow hollow, the entrance to which is closed by a ne web. The egg sac is lentiform and woven with white silk, which is simple and durable. The female keeps the egg sac between its legs.
Distribution: Europe, Western Asia, Mongolia, Greenland. In the Euro-pean part of the former USSR. In Georgia: Tusheti (Tshigho), Upper Al-vani, Bakuriani (Nine-Springs Pass), Adigeni (Mcheidze 19401970). First record in the Transcaucasus.
Taxonomy: Platnick (2013): Haplodrassus signifer (C. L. Koch, 1839).
140 CHAPTER 7. KEYS AND DESCRIPTIONS
Figs. 157-160. Gnaphosidae, Haplodrassus signifer. 157 male habi-tus; 158 female habihabi-tus; 159 male palpus lamella; 160 epigyne.
7.13.4 Zelotes Gistel, 184850
Key to species
1 (8) Males. . . 2 2 (3) Metatarsus I with two pairs of spines. Distal palpus part like Fig.
162. Body length 34.5 mm. . . 1. Z. caucasius (p. 141) 3 (2) Tarsus51 I without spines. . . 4 4 (5) Bulbus tip with a blunt hook-like appendage.
. . . 2. Z. erebeus (p. 141) 5 (4) Bulbus tip without such appendage. . . 6 6 (7) Embolus separate in the central bulbus part (Fig. 164). Body length 6 mm. . . 3. Z. serotinus (p. 142) 7 (6) Upper embolus part thin and long, almost reaching the cymbium
tip (Fig. 169). Body length 5.5 mm.
. . . 4. Z. subterraneus (p. 142) 8 (1) Females. . . 9 9 (10) Anterior epigyne part formed like a semicircular furrow, separated to the sides and behind its protuberance (Fig. 169). Body length 5.56 mm. . . 1. Z. caucasius (p. 141) 10 (9) Epigyne not like this. . . 11 11 (12) Epigyne with a linear opening, its posterior edge clearly separated (Fig. 166). . . 3. Z. serotinus (p. 142) 12 (11) Posterior epigyne edge not separated. . . 13
50Mcheidze (1997) also cites as a synonyms Melanophora C. L. Koch, 1833 and Pros-thesima L. Koch, 1872.
51Sic Mcheidze (1997).
7.13. GNAPHOSIDAE 141 13 (14) Anterior part of median epigynal plate wide (Fig. 167). Body
length 7.7 mm. . . 2. Z. erebeus (p. 141) 14 (13) Anterior part of median epigynal plate wide but with a very dierent posterior part (Fig. 168). Body length 66.5 mm. . . 4. Z. subterraneus (p. 142) 1. Zelotes caucasius (L. Koch, 1866)
Description: Male body length 34.5 mm. The anterior part of the cara-pace is narrowed; its posterior part is short, raised, shining, simple and sparsely covered with setae. A row of long, backwards directed spines is sit-uated between the central line of the cephalic region and the median band.
The median band is situated in front of the posterior slope.
The sides of the yellow to brownish carapace bear a thin black line. The sternum is brownish-yellow, oval, bears a dark fringe, and is somewhat bulged and shining; its posterior part is fringed with sparse setae. Setae near the edges are thick.
The AER is strongly curved; the ME sit on a small round protuberance.
The LE are oval. The PME are signicantly larger than the other eyes. The legs are covered with brown setae and have no scopulae.
The abdomen is long with a steep anterior part and sides of equal width;
its hind end is weakly pointed, of silky shining and densely covered with setae. The anterior spinnerets are cylindrical and long. The abdomen is unicolored blackish to gray (Fig. 161). Epigyne like Fig. 163. Palpus like Fig. 162.
Habitat: Under rocks, in places with low grass.
Distribution: Eastern Europe, Hungary, France, Damascus. In the former USSR: Rostov region, Crimea, Transcaucasus. In Georgia: Gagra (Simon 1899), Batumi (Botanical Garden), Makhindzhauri (Mcheidze 1953).
Taxonomy: Platnick (2013): Zelotes caucasius (L. Koch, 1866). In Mchei-dze (1997) sic: 'Zelofes caucasius', lapsus.
2. Zelotes erebeus (Thorell, 1871)
Description: Female carapace length 3.5 mm, width 2.6 mm; abdomen length 3 mm, width 2 mm. The black carapace has a uniformly shagreen surface. The AE form a curved line. The shining sternum is black and small, with ne, black pubescent setae. The legs are black; the scopulae on tarsi I and II almost reach the base.
The black abdomen bears brown setae. The large epigynal plate is longer than wide (Fig. 167)
Habitat: Under rocks, in grass.
Distribution: Central Europe, Khosta (Spassky, 1937). In Georgia: Su-khumi (Eshera) (Mcheidze 1953). First record in the Transcaucasus.
142 CHAPTER 7. KEYS AND DESCRIPTIONS Taxonomy: Platnick (2013): Zelotes erebeus (Thorell, 1871).
3. Zelotes serotinus (L. Koch, 1866)
Description: Female body length 7.58.5 mm, male 6 mm. The carapace is black. The legs are dark brown with light-colored tarsi. In posterior view femur I bears a yellow mark.
The black abdomen bears coarse, black setae (Fig. 165). Epigyne like Fig. 166. Apical male palpus tip like Fig. 164 a; palpus like Fig. 164.
Habitat: Forest species, in mosses, on the ground, under rocks.
Distribution: Germany, France, Belgium, Netherlands, England. in the former USSR: Northern Caucasus (Kislovodsk), southern Urals, Turkmeni-stan. In Georgia: Tbilisi (Botanical Garden), Gori, Vardzia (Aspindza), Lagodekhi (Mcheidze 1946, 1947). First record in the Transcaucasus.
Taxonomy: Platnick (2013): Zelotes longipes (L. Koch, 1866). Mcheidze (1997) also lists (sic) 'Z. tridenticus (Canestr., 1876)', which is an incorrect citation of Prosthesima tridentina Canestrini, 1876.
4. Zelotes subterraneus (C. L. Koch, 1833)
Description: Female body length 6.58 mm, male 5.56 mm.
„ The black carapace is simple and shining, its dorsal side somewhat shagreen. The small black sternum bears black silky setae. The legs are blackish. The abdomen is black with silky color. The epigynal plate is hardly longer than wide (Fig. 168).
ƒ The low carapace is covered with dark gray setae. Palpus like Fig.
169.Ecology: On forest edges under rocks or in the soil, in mosses. Sometimes in the high mountains. They make their retreat with light transparent webbing.
The egg sac is made of very thin parchment; initially it is white but under the inuence of air it becomes pink or red.
Distribution: Western Europe, Canada, USA. Everywhere in the European part of the former USSR, Siberia, Kamchatka. In Georgia: Lagodekhi, Borjomi (Akhaldaba) (Mcheidze 1961). First record in the Transcaucasus.
Taxonomy: Platnick (2013): Zelotes subterraneus (C. L. Koch, 1833).
7.13.5 Scotophaeus Simon, 1893
1. Scotophaeus scutulatus (L. Koch, 1866)
Description: Female carapace length 5.6 mm, width 4.1 mm; abdomen length 8 mm, width 5 mm. Male carapace length 5 mm, width 3.6 mm.
„ The carapace is somewhat bulged; its posterior part is wide, its an-terior part is very narrow. The clypeus is rather low, brown-red, shining and covered with short brown-whitish setae. The AER is almost straight,