Da HOCl-haltige Produkte viele Vorteile bieten, wird HOCl im Haushalt und im Ge-werbe in vielfältigen Anwendungen als Desinfektionsmittel eingesetzt. Die oben gezeig-ten Dagezeig-ten zeigen, dass die Toxizität von HOCl-haltigen Produkgezeig-ten vergleichsweise ge-ring ist gegenüber anderen Haushaltsprodukten, die allgemein als sicher anerkannt sind.
Unfälle mit HOCl-Reinigungsmitteln sind auf einzelne Fälle beschränkt, wobei in den meisten Fällen bei unabsichtlicher (und ebenfalls absichtlicher) Aufnahme von HOCl durch Menschen keine oder nur geringe gesundheitliche Effekte resultierten. Falls doch, sind es im wesentlichen immer unbedenkliche und ohne jegliche medizinische Behand-lung oder im schlimmsten Falle mit geringer unterstützender medizinischer Therapie heilbare Folgen. Spezielle medizinische Überwachung und Hilfe ist eventuell notwendig
in bestimmten Fällen absichtlicher oraler Aufnahme oder durch Einatmung von Cl2-Gas entstandene Reizungen der Atemwege.
Weiterhin wurde gezeigt, dass Prozesse im menschlichen Immunsystem, bei denen HOCl generiert wird, bedeutend sind beim Abtöten von Bakterien aber andererseits auch gesundes Gewebe schädigen und zur Auslösung bestimmter Krankheiten führen können. Proteine sind dabei das Hauptziel für oxidative Schädigungen durch HOCl auf-grund ihrer großen Menge in biologischen Systemen und der großen Geschwindigkeits-konstanten der Reaktionen. HOCl ist ein starkes nichtradikalisches Oxidationsmittel und Chlorierungsreagenz, wobei Oxidationsreaktionen schneller ablaufen. Die Thiolgruppen der Aminosäuren sind wiederum am oxidationsempfindlichsten und damit die reaktiv-sten Gruppen, danach folgt erst mit weitaus geringerer Reaktivität die Umsetzung von HOCl mit Aminen zu Chloraminen. Erst wenn alle Thiolgruppen verbraucht sind, kommt es zu Reaktionen mit den anderen reaktiven Gruppen. Thiolgruppen (insbeson-dere im Serumalbumin) sind daher sehr relevant für den Organismus, da sie antioxidati-ve Wirkung gegenüber HOCl besitzen.
Weitere biologisch relevante Reaktionen von HOCl sind die Chlorierung von Phenolen, die Umsetzung der olefinischen Reste von Lipiden sowie die Lipidperoxidation und Proteinvernetzung. Die Lipidperoxidation ist beispielsweise maßgeblich an der Ausbrei-tung der atherosklerotischen Gefäßschädigung beteiligt.
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Hiermit erkläre ich,
die vorliegende Arbeit selbständig und ausschließlich unter Verwendung der angegebe-nen Literatur und Hilfsmittel angefertigt zu haben.
Dr. Beate Fuchs Leipzig, den 26. Juni 2006