Teil 2 – Experimentelle Infektion mit Salmonella Derby
N- freie Extraktstoffe (NfE)
7 S UMMARY J ASMIN M ISCHOK
Comparative studies regarding nutrient digestibility and the susceptibility of an experimental Salmonella-infection during Lawsonia-infection in young pigs.
In the present study the influence of a Lawsonia intracellularis-infection on performance (feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion) and on the digestibility of nutrients both in the whole gastrointestinal tract and precaecal was examined in a first part of the study.
These investigations took place in 27 young fattening pigs in three trials, each with three groups which have all been exposed to Lawsonia intracellularis in the farm, so they were field-infected. All three groups got an identical dry meal complete diet ad libitum (ME MJ/kg DM: 13,9; XP: 201 g/kg DM; XL: 38,4 g/kg DM; XF: 26,9 g/kg DM; Ca: 9,88 g/kg DM; P:
6,38 g/kg DM), so the only difference was the status of vaccination and infection: group VAC +: vaccinated against L. i., no clinical signs; group VAC – CF -: non-vaccinated, no clinical signs; group VAC – CF +: non-vaccinated, with clinical signs. The aim of this study was to test, whether a clinical mild infection with L. i. has an influence on nutrient digestibility in growing pigs, which have clinical signs, no clinical signs or are vaccinated and if this leads to differences in performance.
The main results of the first part of the study may be summarized as:
pigs of all three experimental groups showed a shedding of Lawsonia intracellularis within the feces, even though the non-vaccinated group with clinical signs showed the highest shedding
the feed intake, the weight gain and the feed conversion were best in the vaccinated group; the weight gain was even significantly higher than within the group with clinical signs
the non-vaccinated group with clinical signs showed a significantly reduced XP-digestibility compared to the vaccinated and non-vaccinated group without clinical signs; the values of the precaecal digestibility showed similar results
The present results show clearly, that a clinical apparent infection with Lawsonia intracellularis leads to decreased XP-digestibility, feed intake, weight gain and feed
conversion. But also vaccinated pigs get in contact with the pathogen and shed this bacterium without getting clinically affected themselves and without reduced performance and digestibility. Between the vaccinated pigs and the non-vaccinated group without clinical signs, there was no real difference regarding the collected parameters. However, it is important to remember the constant risk of non-vaccinated pigs becoming clinically affected, so one would expect a reduced performance and digestibility.
In the second part of the study, the influence of an antibiotic therapy of a Lawsonia intracellularis-infection on the spreading of an experimental Salmonella-infection was investigated. For this, in total 72 young fattening pigs in three trials, each with two groups were used (all from the same farm). One group (VAC +) consisted of animals, which have been vaccinated at the farm, the other group (VAC -) consisted of L. i. field-infected pigs, which were treated with antibiotics at the Institute of Animal Nutrition. After therapy of group VAC – two pigs per group and trial were experimentally infected with S. Derby and set back into their groups after confirmation of infection. This was followed by a four-week investigation in which the spreading of the test germ within the groups was prooven by cultural test. At the date of dissection it was further investigated, if a translocation into the mesenterial lymph nodes took place or if the pathogen could be detected within the cecum digesta. Additionally, the daily weight gain (single animal) and the daily feed intake and feed conversion (group based) were collected.
The main results of the second part of the study may be summarized as:
with regard to feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion the groups did not differ
the experimental infection of selected animals (“seeder”) has been successful in any case
in the group VAC -, pretreated with antibiotics, the Salmonella-infection spreads significantly clearer after experimental infection than in group VAC + (more cultural positive results within the rectal swabs in group VAC -)
in group VAC – significant more pigs showed a translocation into the mesenterial lymph nodes than in group VAC +
The present results show clearly, that an antibiotic therapy of a Lawsonia
intracellularis-148
infection results in a higher susceptibility for an infection with Salmonella. In pigs vaccinated against L. i. this treatment is not necessary, so there is no disturbance of the gastrointestinal flora.
Salmonellae have still a great zoonotic potential, so their entry into the food chain should be prevented if possible. In addition to suitable management and hygiene measures the minimizing of antibiotic use in favor of prophylactic measures could be a contribution to this.
Also in the context of legislative and political efforts to reduction of antibiotic use, effective prophylactic measures like the vaccination should be preferred not only for decrease of resistance but also for reduction of zoonosis and to make a contribution to food safety and, therefore, to consumer protection.
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