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It is possible that during the Puräna period many of the non-Aryan religious rituals because of their popularity among the common people were assimilated vrithin the Hindu cult

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294

SOME ASPECTS OF THE VRATAS

(POPULAR RELIGIOUS RITUALS) OF BENGAL (Resümee)

By Bhakti Datta, Tübingen

Vratas are popular religious rituals observed by common folk in India.

Probably the term was given by the Vedic Aryans to depict part of these

rituals which are now known as Sästriya Vratas. During pre-historic time

both the Vedic Aryans and pre-Aryan races developed religious rituals

parallely in accordance with their individual aspirations to pacify and con¬

trol the incomprehensible natm-al forces. It is possible that during the

Puräna period many of the non-Aryan religious rituals because of their

popularity among the common people were assimilated vrithin the Hindu

cult. Thus side by side with the pure Sästriya vratas, these vratas though

having non-Aryan roots, started to exist in the Sästras.

Besides these two forms of Vratas, there exists another class, called

Meyeli Vratas which are predominantly celebrated by the rural women folk

of Bengal. The main characteristic of this class of Vratas is that brahmin

priests are not needed here. The simplicity of the worship method, the

homely aspirations without asking for any otherwordly or spiritual

rewards, exclusion ofthe middleman between the deity and the worshipp¬

ers, and the absence of Sästric texts all go to indicate the ancient origin,

most probably pre-Aryan, of the Meyeli Vratas. The existence of parallel

almost identical religious celebrations of a number of these Vratas among

the tribal races offers strong support to this hypothesis. The reason of these

antique Vratas surviving the challenge of time and the intact nature ofthe

Vratas continuing from one generation of the other, may be due to the fact

that they are observed orally and by relatively more conservative, almost

illiterate women folk in the rural parts of the land. Living in the world of

an unkind social structure the village women have clung more to their faith

in homely supernatural forces and in turn has retained the original cult of

these Vratas in pure unchanged forms. These Vratas have given the simple

village woman strength and provided a protecting canopy under which she

is born and brought up as a little girl and aspire for a happy world which in

reality is almost elusive to her. Her deprivation in life has retained the Vra¬

tas alive.

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295

ZUR PROBLEMATIK DER ORIENTALISTISCHEN

STUDIENHEFTE FRIEDRICH SCHLEGELS (Resümee)

Von Ursula R. Struc-Oppenburg, Calgary, Canada

Geboten wwde zunächst ein kurzer Überblick über den handschriftli¬

chen Nachlaß Friedrich Schlegels zu seinen orientalistischen Studien. Von

diesen Manuskripten wurden seine Orientalistischen Studienhefte vor¬

gestellt, die im Zusammenhang mit seinem Werk ÜBER DIE SPRACHE

UND WEISHEIT DER INDIER (1808) entstanden. Sie sollen noch in die¬

sem Jahr im Rahmen der KRITISCHEN FRIEDRICH SCHLEGEL-AUS¬

GABE erscheinen. Mein Referat enthielt einige der wichtigsten Punkte aus

der Einleitung dazu.

Von diesen Handschriften stammen zwei aus der Zeit der Vorbereitung

des erwähnten Werkes. Sie sind datiert von November 1805 bis Sommer

1807. Das dritte Ms. sollte der Neubearbeitung des Indischen Werkes die¬

nen und wurde 1823 begonnen. Es fällt also in die Zeit des späten Schlegel.

Die Hss. enthalten außer Aufzeichnungen aus orientalischen Sprachen,

zur grammatischen Struktur und zur historischen Verwandtschaft der indo¬

germanischen Sprachen vor allem wichtiges Material zur Kulturge¬

schichte. Aufschlußreich für Schlegels Begegnung mit orientalischen Kiü-

turen, hauptsächlich der Sanskrit-Literatur, sind seine sich wandelnden

Ansichten zu Mythologie und Religion.

Ausgehend von den christlich-humanistischen Tendenzen, die ihm von

Lessing und Herder überliefert waren, und ausgerüstet mit der gängigen

idealistischen Philosophie, die vor allem von Schelling vertreten wurde,

erscheint Schlegel durch eine wachsende Voreingenommenheit für die

Mosaische Offenbarung charakterisiert.

Daß der späte Schlegel mit der scholastischen Tradition des katholi¬

schen Glaubens ebensowenig im Einklang war wie mit den neuscholasti¬

schen Tendenzen des 19. Jh. , steht seit Jahren fest. Aus den Hss. gelang es

mir zu erweisen, daß die Entwicklung seines Denkens über die Kirchenvä¬

ter, den Neuplatonismus zur Mystik der Christlichen Kabbala führte.

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