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The r e l a t i v e a c t i o n was o b t a i n e d f r o m t h e i n t e n s i t y r a t i o o f r e f e r e n c e t o v a r i a b l e w a v e l e n g t h

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September 2-6, 1974, The Meizmann I n s t i t u t e o f S c i e n c e , R e h o v o t , I s r a e l E l s e v i e r S c i e n t i f i c P u b l i s h i n g Company, Amsterdam,. The N e t h e r l a n d s , 1974

ACTION SPECTRA FOR LIGHT-INDUCED pH CHANGES I N CHLOROPLAST SUSPEN- SIONS FROM THE YELLOW-GREEN ALGA BUMILLERIOPSIS F I L I F O R M I S

E c k h a r d L o o s

F a c h b e r e i c h B i o l o g i e d e r U n i v e r s i t a t R e g e n s b u r g 84 R e g e n s b u r g , Germany

1. Summary

The a c t i o n s p e c t r u m f o r l i g h t - i n d u c e d p r o t o n u p t a k e b y B u m i l l e r i - o p s i s c h l o r o p l a s t s i s s h i f t e d t o w a r d s l o n g e r w a v e l e n g t h s i n t h e p r e s e n c e o f p y o c y a n i n e . F o r m e a s u r i n g t h e a c t i o n s p e c t r a c h l o r o - p l a s t s w e r e i l l u m i n a t e d w i t h a l t e r n a t i n g beams o f a r e f e r e n c e and a v a r i a b l e w a v e l e n g t h y i e l d i n g e q u a l a c t i o n a s j u d g e d f r o m t h e a b - s e n c e o f a n y m o d u l a t e d pH s i g n a l . The r e l a t i v e a c t i o n was o b t a i n e d f r o m t h e i n t e n s i t y r a t i o o f r e f e r e n c e t o v a r i a b l e w a v e l e n g t h . 2. I n t r o d u c t i o n

A c t i o n s p e c t r a f o r p r o t o n u p t a k e a r e r e p o r t e d t o h a v e r e l a t i v e h i g h a c t i v i t y i n t h e f a r r e d r e g i o n , i n d i c a t i n g a p r e d o m i n a n t a c t i o n o f p h o t o s y s t e m I ' . The r e d r i s e o f t h e quantum y i e l d f o r p r o t o n u p t a k e p o i n t s i n t h e same d i r e c t i o n . However, e v i d e n c e h a s a l s o b e e n p r e s e n t e d f o r t h e p a r t i c i p a t i o n o f b o t h p i g m e n t s y s t e m s , b a s e d o n t h e a g r e e m e n t o f a c t i o n s p e c t r a f o r p r o t o n u p t a k e a n d NADP r e d u c - t i o n w i t h w a t e r a s e l e c t r o n d o n o r w h e r e a s a g r e a t e r a c t i v i t y i n t h e f a r r e d h a s b e e n f o u n d o n l y f o r NADP r e d u c t i o n w i t h D C I P / a s c o r b a t e

(+DCMU) a s e l e c t r o n d o n o r . I t was s u g g e s t e d p r e v i o u s l y t h a t m 4 4 t h e c a s e s where a p h o t o s y s t e m I a c t i v i t y f o r p r o t o n u p t a k e h a d b e e n o b s e r v e d , t h i s m i g h t h a v e b e e n due t o t h e r o u t i n e l y a d d e d p y o c y a n i n e . To t e s t t h i s e x p l a n a t i o n , a c t i o n s p e c t r a f o r l i g h t d r i v e n p r o t o n u p - t a k e w e r e m e a s u r e d i n t h e p r e s e n c e a n d a b s e n c e o f p y o c y a n i n e . 3. M a t e r i a l a n d m e t h o d s

G r o w t h c o n d i t i o n s f o r B u m i l l e r i o p s i s a n d t h e p r o c e d u r e f o r i s o - 4 5

l a t i n g c h l o r o p l a s t s were a s d e s c r i b e d p r e v i o u s l y ' . The c h l o r o - 4 p l a s t s w e r e s u s p e n d e d i n t h e same r e a c t i o n m i x t u r e a s u s e d e a r l i e r ; s t i r r i n g d u r i n g t h e m e a s u r e m e n t s , h o w e v e r , was o m i t t e d . D e t a i l s o n

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l i g h t s o u r c e s a n d t h e g l a s s e l e c t r o d e u s e d f o r pH m e a s u r e m e n t s a r e t o be f o u n d e l s e w h e r e .

4. R e s u l t s a n d d i s c u s s i o n A. E x p e r i m e n t a l p r o c e d u r e

F o r o b t a i n i n g a c t i o n s p e c t r a f o r p r o t o n u p t a k e t h e f o l l o w i n g p r i n c i p l e was e m p l o y e d : The c h l o r o p l a s t s were i l l u m i n a t e d w i t h a l t e r n a t i n g beams o f a f i x e d r e f e r e n c e w a v e l e n g t h a n d a v a r i a b l e w a v e l e n g t h . I f t h e e f f e c t o f t h e two beams i s u n e q u a l , a m o d u l a t e d pH s i g n a l r e s u l t s , w h i c h was d e t e c t e d b y a l o c k - i n a m p l i f i e r . The i n t e n s i t i e s o f t h e beams were a d j u s t e d f o r e q u a l a c t i o n , i . e . f o r z e r o o u t p u t o f t h e l o c k - i n a m p l i f i e r . The r e l a t i v e a c t i o n o f v a r i - a b l e / r e f e r e n c e w a v e l e n g t h t h e n i s g i v e n b y t h e i n t e n s i t y r a t i o o f r e f e r e n c e / v a r i a b l e beam.

F i g . 1 shows t h e s e t - u p u s e d t o r e a l i z e t h i s p r i n c i p l e . The beam o f v a r i a b l e w a v e l e n g t h i s c h o p p e d a t 0.15 Hz a n d c a u s e s - when g i v e n

photoresistor a tamp

tock-in record of ac component amptif ier record of

ac component

f i t t e r 0.15 Hz

!

pH meter dc record of pH change

F i g . 1. D i a g r a m o f s e t - up f o r m e a s u r i n g a c t i o n s p e c t r a . The r e f e r e n c e beam was p a s s e d t h r o u g h a h e a t - r e f l e c t i n g f i l t e r , a r e d f i l t e r ( S c h o t t RG 665) a n d a 6 cm l a y e r o f w a t e r . The p h a s e was a d j u s t e d b y s l i d i n g t h e l a m p - p h o t o r e s i s t o r u n i t a l o n g a c i r c u l a r t r a c k c o a x i a l w i t h t h e r o t a - t i n g h a l f d i s c .

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LOOS 999

a l o n e - a m o d u l a t i o n i n / j pH t o w h i c h t h e o u t p u t o f t h e l o c k - i n a m p l i f i e r c o r r e s p o n d s . I f t h e r e f e r e n c e beam i s a l t e r n a t e d w i t h t h e f i r s t beam, t h e a v e r a g e l i g h t i n t e n s i t y i n c r e a s e s a n d w i t h i t t h e / f p H . The m o d u l a t e d s i g n a l , h o w e v e r , d e c r e a s e s t o z e r o i f t h e two beams a r e e q u a l i n a c t i o n ( z e r o o u t p u t o f l o c k - i n a m p l i f i e r ) , o r ,

i t r e a p p e a r s , p h a s e - s h i f t e d b y 180° i f t h e r e f e r e n c e beam i s s t r o n - g e r i n a c t i o n ( n e g a t i v e o u t p u t o f l o c k - i n a m p l i f i e r ) . The e x a c t m a t c h i n g o f t h e beams i s t i m e c o n s u m i n g b e c a u s e o f t h e r e l a t i v e l o n g d a m p i n g t i m e o f t h e l o c k - i n a m p l i f i e r ( T = 15 s e c ) . F o r p r a c t i c a l p u r p o s e s , s u f f i c i e n t l y a c c u r a t e r e s u l t s a r e o b t a i n e d b y i n t e r p o l a t i n g f r o m two i n t e n s i t y s e t t i n g s y i e l d i n g s i g n a l s on e a c h s i d e o f t h e z e r o l i n e and c l o s e t o i t .

D u r i n g t h e m e a s u r e m e n t s t h e c h l o r o p l a s t s a r e k e p t u n d e r c o n t i n o u s i l l u m i n a t i o n ; i . e . , one g e t s an a c t i o n s p e c t r u m f o r p r o t o n u p t a k e i n t h e s t e a d y s t a t e when p r o t o n i n f l u x e q u a l s p r o t o n e f f l u x . G e n e r a l l y , t h e m e t h o d s h o u l d be a p p l i c a b l e t o a n y l i g h t - d e p e n d e n t p r o c e s s which i s r e v e r s e d i n t h e d a r k .

The a c c u r a c y o f t h e method depends o n t h e s i g n a l t o n o i s e r a t i o when t h e s i g n a l r e s u l t s f r o m a n y s i n g l e beam. The a m p l i t u d e o f t h e s i g n a l i s d e t e r m i n e d w i t h i n a c e r t a i n r a n g e b y t h e c h o p p i n g f r e q u e n - c y a n d t h e d e c a y c o n s t a n t o f t h e p r o c e s s i n q u e s t i o n . I n t h e b e s t c a s e s h e r e t h e s i g n a l t o n o i s e r a t i o was a r o u n d 30, c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o a n e s t i m a t e d a c c u r a c y o f + 1.7 %. By m a t c h i n g a r e f e r e n c e and a v a r i a b l e w a v e l e n g t h beam no c o r r e c t i o n s n e e d be made f o r s l o w changes i n c h l o r o p l a s t a c t i v i t y . T h i s f a c t was r e a l i z e d a l r e a d y p r e v i o u s l y . A c t i o n s p e c t r a w e r e a c c o r d i n g l y m e a s u r e d f o r H i l l r e a c t i o n s l e a d i n g t o n o n r e v e r s i b l e t r a n s m i s s i o n c h a n g e s ^ . I n t h a t c a s e , h o w e v e r , two c o n t i n o u s l i g h t beams h a d t o be u s e d and w i t h them two s e p a r a t e s a m p l e s .

B. A c t i o n s p e c t r a

The a c t i o n s p e c t r u m f o r t h e l i g h t - i n d u c e d pH c h a n g e i s s h i f t e d t o w a r d s l o n g e r w a v e l e n g t h s i n t h e p r e s e n c e o f p y o c y a n i n e ( f i g . 2 ) . I t i s c o n c l u d e d f r o m t h i s s h i f t t h a t p h o t o s y s t e m I I i s i n v o l v e d i n t h e p r o t o n pump w i t h no c o f a c t o r a d d e d , t h e e f f e c t o f p y o c y a n i n e i s t o c a t a l y z e an e l e c t r o n t r a n s p o r t t h r o u g h p h o t o s y s t e m I c o u p l e d w i t h p r o t o n t r a n s l o c a t i o n .

T h i s w o r k was s u p p o r t e d b y D e u t s c h e F o r s c h u n g s g e m e i n s c h a f t .

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F i g . 2. A c t i o n s p e c t r a f o r t h e l i g h t - i n d u c e d pH c h a n g e ; w i t h o u t p y o c y a n i n e ( c i r c l e s , f u l l l i n e ) a n d w i t h 10 uM p y o c y a n i n e ( c r o s s e s , b r o k e n l i n e ) .

5. R e f e r e n c e s

1. D i l l e y , R.A., 1967, i n : E n e r g y c o n v e r s i o n b y t h e p h o t o s y n t h e t i a p p a r a t u s . B r o o k h a v e n Symp. B i o l . 19, 258.

2. H e a t h , R.L., 1972, B i o c h i m . b i o p h y s . A c t a 2 5 6 , 6 4 5 .

3. D i l l e y , R.A. a n d V e r n o n , L . P . , 1967, P r o c . n a t . A c a d . S c i .

U.S.A. 57, 395.

4 . L o o s , E., 1974, P h o t o s y n t h e t i c a 8, 109.

5. B o g e r , P., 1969, Z. P f l a n z e n p h y s i o l . 6 1 , 85.

6. H a l l d a l , P., F r e n c h , C.S. a n d L a w r e n c e , M., 1971, i n : C a r n e g i e I n s t i t u t i o n Y e a r b o o k 69, 6 7 0 .

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