Keys to the West African Anophelini

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(1)Keys to the West African Anophelini. Autor(en):. Service, M.W.. Objekttyp:. Article. Zeitschrift:. Acta Tropica. Band (Jahr): 19 (1962) Heft 2. PDF erstellt am:. 28.01.2022. Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-311024. Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. Das Veröffentlichen von Bildern in Print- und Online-Publikationen ist nur mit vorheriger Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber erlaubt. Die systematische Speicherung von Teilen des elektronischen Angebots auf anderen Servern bedarf ebenfalls des schriftlichen Einverständnisses der Rechteinhaber. Haftungsausschluss Alle Angaben erfolgen ohne Gewähr für Vollständigkeit oder Richtigkeit. Es wird keine Haftung übernommen für Schäden durch die Verwendung von Informationen aus diesem Online-Angebot oder durch das Fehlen von Informationen. Dies gilt auch für Inhalte Dritter, die über dieses Angebot zugänglich sind.. Ein Dienst der ETH-Bibliothek ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Schweiz, www.library.ethz.ch http://www.e-periodica.ch.

(2) Malaria Unit, Ministry of Health, Raduna, Northern Nigeria.. Keys to the West African Anophelini. By M. W. Service. Despite the recent discovery of many new species, subspecies and varieties of Anopheles, the works of Evans (1938) and De Meillon (1947) remain the standard references on the Anophelines of the Ethiopian geographical region. It is nevertheless useful to have shorter and simpler works on Ihe fauna of a smaller area, and this has in the past been fulfilled to a certain extent for the West African Anophelines by the keys of Leeson (1939) and Mattingly (1944). Since the publication of these papers, many new species and varieties etc. have been described from West Africa, and numerous forms previously known elsewhere in Africa have been recorded from this sub-region. Taking these facts into account, together with the need for lucid and practical keys to the West African Anophelines, the present paper was prepared. The keys in this paper tire supplemented with concise descriptive notes which incorporate most of the more important variations recorded in the West African species, there must necessarily be some differences and variations in both adults and larvae lhat have not been included. No mention is made in this paper of the use in identification of the male terminalia or of the female pharyngeal armature; when such details are required Evans (1938) or De Meillon (1947) should be consulted. The East African representative, A. longipalpis s.S., of the longipalpis-domicolus complex is included in the present paper although it is probably absent from West Africa, since it is very difficult and sometimes impossible to distinguish it from its West. African sibling form, var. domicolus. Hamon (personal communication) considers that all records of A. theileri from West Africa are based upon misidentifications. and that most probably the species in question is the variable hancocki var. brohieri. As the evidence for the occurrence of theileri in this area is conflicting, it is thought advisable to include it among the West African Anophelines until its presence or absence, in West Africa is determined. 4"he area under consideration in this paper is not that defined as West Africa by either Bannerman (1930) or Leeson (1939). Bannerman in his "Birds of Tropical West Africa'' defines as West Africa the area between the southerly limit of the Saharan vegetation and the River Congo, taking the easterly limit as about.

(3) Seroice, Keys to the West .African Anophelini. 121. longitude of 20 degrees. Leeson describes mosquitoes from the a reti of West Africa south of the Sahara as far as the equator but gives no easterly delimitations. But the Cameroon highlands with their montane vegetation provide, at least in the south, a natural barrier. West African species are found within this area and consequently the easterly demarcation of the area under consideration in this paper is the highland of the Cameroons, i.e. about 15 degree east in longitude.. i\. Key to the Larvae. (Based entirely on fourth instar specimens.) 1.. Inner clypeal hairs placed close. to¬. gether, separated hy a distance less than twice the width of their bases Inner clypeal hairs widely separated, by at least twice this width 2.. 3.. Outer clypeal hairs with stems divided into 8 or more subcqual branches on Ihe distal half Outer clypeal hairs otherwise, simple, frayed, pectinate or with a few short branches. 52 2. 3. 4. Pecten teeth with large easily seen spicules Pecten teeth with much finer spicules,. not visible under low power of. pharoensis. microscope. squamosus 4.. 5.. Thorax and abdomen covered laterally and ventrally with numerous small spicules not arranged in belts, giving the larva a hairy appearance Sides of thorax and abdomen not covered with spicules. 5 6. Main abdominal tergal plates evenly rounded, on segment 5 no more than % distance between bases of the palmate hairs Main tergal plates slightly upturned laterally, thai on segment 5 very nearly equal to the distance between the bases of Ihe palmate hairs. wellcomei (in part). theileri wellcomei (in part). 6.. Saddle hair plumose or with at least 5 branches Saddle hair simple or with less than 5 branches. 43 7.

(4) Ada Trop. XIX.. 122 7.. 2. 1962. One of the metapleural hairs stout,. stiff and spine like, about. %. length. of feathered one Metapleural hairs normal 8.. brunnipes (in part) 8. Fully developed abdominal palmate hairs undifferentiated, tassel-like Fully developed palmate hairs differentiated into flattened leaflets. 9.. — Entomology. maculipalpis 9. Width of main abdominal tergal plate equal to at least distance between bases of palmate hairs Width of this plate not exceeding % this distance on segment. 5. '%. 10.. 10 21. Depth of the main tergal plate on segment 5 equal to Ai or more depth of segment This plate shallower, less than Ai of segment. hair split into 3-4 branches Saddle hair simple. 11. 13. 11. Saddle 12.. 13.. flauicosta (in part) 12. Spicules present as defiliate bands on sternal surface of abdomen, tergal plates exceptionally wide and deep covering nearly all of the segments, usually no free accessory plates, post frontal hair simple or bifid No abdominal spicules, tergal plates shallower, 2 free accessory plates, post frontal hair with several branches. Inner clypeal hairs split into 2 stems, into 8-12 branches Inner clypeal hairs simple, pectinate. or frayed but not split as above Inner clypeal hairs pectinate or with some fraying, inner submedian hair greatly flattened and widely separated from median hair Inner clypeal hairs simple, or at most with 2-3 branches, inner submedian hair not unduly flattened. funestus. leesoni. each sub-divided. 14.. 15.. 16.. cinctus (in part) 14. natalensis. 15. One of the long mesopleural hairs. feathered Both long hairs simple. 16. Abdominal segments with at most 1 accessory plate. 17. .Abdominal segments with 2-3 plates -. 18. macmahoni. accessory.

(5) Service. Keys to the West African Anophelini 17.. Saddle hair simple, frontoclypeus. with a pair of longitudinal pigment bands Saddle hair split apically into about 4 branches, frontoclypeus with a Iransverse band of pigment 18.. 19.. Saddle hair simple Saddle hair with 2-4 branches. marshal!! var. mousinhoi barbarellus (in part) 20. Width: depth ratio of main tergal plate on segment 5, 3 1 This width: depth ratio,. rivulorum. :. 20.. Thorax wilh. 2. 4:1. brucei. metathoracic tergal. longipalpis var. domicolus (in part) (This is a doubtful character) longipalpis. plates. 21.. 22.. 123. Thorax with no such plates Inner clypeal hairs distinctly frayed, pectinate or branched Inner clypeal hairs simple or fraying indistinct. 29. Inner clypeal hairs strongly branched, abdominal palmate hairs with blunt rounded filaments. rufipes (in part) rufipes var. ingnillii (in part) rufipes var. brucechiuatti (in part) broussesi (in part). Inner clypeal hairs otherwise. 23. of mesopleural hairs large, curved and pointed Basal spines smaller, normal. 24. 23. Basal spines. 24.. 26. Inner submedian hair poorly de¬ veloped, placed on a very small tubercle Inner submedian hair well developed, on a large basal tubercle. squamosus var. cgdippis (in part). usually on the small teeth of the pecten, larger teeth bare Spicules on all teeth, less distinction between large and small teeth. 25. Spicules. 26.. gambiae (in part). gambiae var. melos (in part). Full developed palmate hairs wilh blunt rounded filaments, no thoracic palmate hairs. rufipes (in part) rufipes var. ingnillii (in part) rufipes var. brucechiuatti (in part) broussesi (in part). Fully developed palmate hairs with sharp pointed filaments, thoracic palmate hairs present. 27.

(6) 12. 27.. 28.. 29.. 30.. Ada Trop. XIX.. 1. 2. 1962. All the long pleural hairs simple or at most split into 2-3 longish branches One of the long hairs in each group feathered, may be only sparsely so. — Entomology. 28. rhodesiensis (in part). Abdominal palmate hairs well differ¬ entiated, with about 12 leaflets Abdominal palmate hairs scarcely differentiated, with about 6 leaflets Both mesopleural hairs simple, or occasionally one split into 2 branches One at least of these hairs feathered or split into 3 branches. Inner submedian hair poorly de¬ veloped, basal tubercle very small Inner submedian hair and tubercle normal. smithi smithi var. rageaui 30 38. 31. 33. of pleural hairs large, inner clypeal hairs frayed even if. 31. Basal spines. indistinctly so Basal spines small, inner clypeal hairs. 32. simple. jebudensis. 32. Spicules present. usually only on small pecten teeth, large teeth bare Spicules present on all pecten teeth, less distinction between large and small teeth. 33. Basal spine. gambiae (in part). gambiae var. melas (in part). of mesopleural hairs. large, curved and sharply pointed Basal spine smaller, normal. squamosus var. cydippis (in part) 34. clypeal hairs with 3 or more short stiff branches Outer clypeal hairs simple, or. 34. Outer. moucheti. bifid at apex. 35. hair branched Saddle hair simple. 36. occasionally. 35. Saddle. barbarellus (in part). of the abdominal segments with at least 3 accessory plates These segments with at most 1 accessory. 36. Several. plate !7.. d'thali 37. Outer clypeal hairs short, stiff and spine like. Outer clypeal hairs longer, more delicate and finely drawn out. moucheti var. nigcricnsis hargreavesi.

(7) Service. Keys to the West African Anophelini 38.. Outer clypeal hairs not branched at apex but nearer base, palmate hairs with blunt rounded filaments. rufipes (in part) rufipes var. ingnillii (in part) rufipes var. brucechwatti (in part) broussesi (in part). Outer clypeal hairs simple, pectinate or branched near apex. 39. 39.. Both long metapleural hairs feathered One of the long hairs simple. 40 42. 40.. Inner clypeal hairs with several small branches, or frayed Inner clypeal hairs simple. 41. pretoriensis. of pleural hairs large, curved and sharply pointed. 41. Basal spines. squamosus var. cydippis. (in part) rufipes (in part) rufipes var. ingrami (in part) rufipes var. brucechwatti (in part) broussesi (in part). Basal spines of these groups small. with a group of basal spicules markedly longer than the rest, inner and outer clypeal hairs pectinate, saddle hair usually split into 2-3 branches Antennae without such a group of. 42. Antennae. rhodesiensis (in part). spicules, clypeal hairs and saddle hairs all simple. pleural hair of méta¬ thorax stout, stiff and spine like, only % length of feathered one Metapleural hairs normal. freetownensis. 43. The simple. 44.. brunnipes (in part) 44. Abdominal segments with 1-3, some¬ times 5 accessory tergal plates, inner clypeal hairs split into 2 main stems each being sub-divided into 8-12 cinctus (in part). branches. Abdominal segments with at most 3 accessory tergal plates, inner clypeal hairs otherwise 45.. 45. Majority of abdominal segments with 46. 2-3 accessory plates. These segments with only plate. 1. accessory 47. 125.

(8) Acta Prop. XIX. 2. 1962 — Entomology. 126. 46.. 47.. Abdominal palmate hairs with fila¬ ments less than Mi length of blades Abdominal palmate hairs with filaments more than .a length of blades. hancocki var. masseguini. longipalpis var. domicolus (in part) and possibly longipalpis. Inner clypeal hairs pectinate on basal A, submedian hairs greatly flattened. buxtoni maliensis. Inner clypeal hairs simple, submedian hairs not flattened. 48. 48. Main tergal plate on abdominal seg¬. ment 5 about as wide or wider than the distance separating the bases of the palmate hairs Width of this plate not exceeding Vt of this distance 49.. 50.. 51.. 52.. 49 50. Main tergal plate on segment 5 more than 1.25 the distance between bases of palmate hairs, anterior and posterior borders of these plates almost parallel This plate not exceeding the distance between the bases of the palmate hairs, anterior and posterior borders of plates curved. Posterior clypeal hairs with short strong branches Posterior clypeal hairs simple. flavicosta (in part). hancocki var. brohieri hancocki var. gilrogi. marshalli (in part) 51. Main tergal plate on abdominal seg¬ ment 5 about A the distance between the bases of the palmate hairs, filaments of palmate hairs about V6 of blades Main tergal plate on segment 5 measuring about % this distance, palmate hairs with filaments longer. hancocki. marshalli (in part). Inner clypeal hairs branched dislally Inner clypeal hairs simple. 53 56. clypeal hairs strongly branched Outer clypeal hairs simple or bifid. 54. 53. Outer. hair simple, inner clypeal hairs densely plumose apically Saddle hair with 3-5 branches, inner clypeal hairs split into 2 stems each with 8-12 branches. implexus (in part). 54. Saddle. 55. ductus (in part).

(9) Service. Keys to the West African Anophelini 55.. 56.. Outer clypeal hairs only A as long as inner hairs, inner clypeal hairs with lateral branches inserted mainly on the inner side of the stem Outer clypeal hairs as long as inner hairs, inner clypeal hairs with lateral branches inserted nearly symmetrically on both sides of the main stem. 57.. 58.. nili. nili var. somalicus. Leaflets of palmate hairs undifferen¬ tiated and without serrations These leaflets serrated and fully differentiated. 127. implexus (in part) 57. Outer clypeal hairs short, simple, bi¬ fid or with several branches, but less than 15 in number Outer clypeal hairs longer and with more than 15 branches. obscurus var. nowlini 58. Outer clypeal hairs with up to about 30 branches. obscurus. Outer clypeal hairs with branches. 40 or more. coustani coustani var. ziemanni puludis A. coustani Laveran.. Inner Clypeal Hairs. Close together, bases may be in actual contact, simple. According to Mattingly (1944) specimens have been reported from N. Nigeria with this hair bifid. Outer Clypeal Hairs. Brush like, about 40-60 branches. Posterior Clypeal Hairs. Short, simple or split into 2-3 branches. Apical Antennal Hair. Longer than paired blades and branched. Shaft Hair. Large and branched. Submedian Hairs. Bases separate, poorly developed, mid hair on a weakly sclerotised tubercle, inner hair small without a marked tubercle. Mesopleural Hairs. Both long hairs simple. Thoracic Palmate Hairs. With 10-17 undifferentiated leaflets. .Abdominal Palmate Hairs. Seg. 1, 8-11 pale undifferentiated leaflets; seg. II, 11-14 pale undifferentiated leaflets; segs. III-VII, 20-22 well developed leaflets with sloping serrated shoulders, no true filament, apex blunt or pointed. Pergal Plates. Medium size, 1 free accessory plate. Saddle Hair. Long and simple. Breeding Places. Mainly amongst naturally occurring patches of water, swamps, flooded fields, rice fields, streams, ditches, amongst aquatic and semi-aquatic vegetation. A. coustani var. ziemanni Grünberg. Not separable from the type form, breeding places much. as. for type.. A. obscurus (Grünberg).. Inner Clypeal Hairs. Close together, bases may be touching, simple. Outer Clypeal Hairs. Brush like, about 10-30 branches..

(10) Ada Prop. XIX.. 128. 2. 1962. — Entomology. Posterior Clypeal Hairs. Short, simple or with 2-3 branches. Apical Antennal Hair. Branched, but usually shorter than paired blades. Shaft Hair. Large and branched. Submedian Hairs. Bases separate and poorly developed, mid hair on a weakly sclerotised base, inner hair with no real basal tubercle. Mesopleural Hairs. Both long hairs simple. Thoracic Palmate Hairs. With 9-15 undifferentiated leaflets. Abdominal Palmate Hairs. Seg. I, 9-16 pale undifferentiated leaflets; seg. II, 11-18 undifferentiated leaflets; seg. III-VII, well developed, much as for coustani. Pergal Plates. Medium size. 1 free accessory plate. Breeding Places. Swamps, shaded pools, streams. Notes. This species can only be separated from coustani by the fewer number of branches in the outer clypeal hairs, and by the possession of 12 branches in the antepalmate hair on segment fi, constimi has a maximum of 5. branches.. A. obscurus var. nowlini Evans. Evans (1938) gives Ihe following differences for distinguishing the variety from the type form. Outer Clypeal Hairs. Usually very short, about A length of inner hair, and simple or bifid; sometimes equal in length to those of the type form but not more than 7 branches. Apical Antennal Hair. Hair considerably longer than paired blades and having more than 11 branches, all of which are simple. Pergal Plates. Tend to be relatively shallower than in type form. Notes. Mattingly (1944) in his revised key lo the West African Anophelini kept it as a distinct variety, but De Meillon (1947) considered that the differences from the type form were only due to individual variations. Specimens from Eastern Nigeria caught together with typical obscurus show sufficient differentiation for its varietal status to be retained. In Nigerian specimens, nowlini has tlie outer clypeal hairs short and simple, the apical antennal hair longer than the paired blades and with 9-11 branches.. A. paludis Theobald. No reliable characters exist for separating this species from coustani, breeding places much as for coustani.. A. implexus (Theobald). Inner Clypeal Hairs. Close together but bases not touching, simple or wilh 2-3 branches apically. Outer Clypeal Hairs. Nearly as long as inner hairs, divided into 3-9 branches. Posterior Clypeal Hairs. Small and split into 2-4 branches. Post Frontal Hairs. Very large, reaching just beyond bases of fronlals, 10-16 branches. Shaft Hair. Large and brush like, 15-20 coarse branches. Submedian Hairs. Bases separate, inner hair on a very small basal tubercle, with sub-plumose branches (occasionally Nigerian specimens have simple branches), mid hair much longer, outer hair characteristically bent out wards, apex may be split. Mesopleural Hairs. Both long hairs simple..

(11) Service, Keys to the West African Anophelini. 129. Thoracic Palmate Hairs. Rudimentary, represented by a 3-6 branched hair. .Abdominal Palmate Hairs. Segs. I and II represented by 6-13 simple branches; segs. III-V, long narrow shoulderless transparent leaflets, no serrations or filaments; seg. VI, either as on preceding segments or more rudimentary and hair like; seg. VII, hair like. Pergal Plates. Medium size, with an irregular outline, 1 free accessory plate which may be split into two. Salitile Hair. Fairly short, with 5-7 branches (occasionally Nigerian specimens have this hair single). Abdominal Hairs. On segs. I-VI, hair 6 stout and plumose, arising from a distinct tubercle. Breeding Places. Appears to be a typical forest and riverine breeder, in shaded streams, ditches and swamps.. A. ductus (Newstead & Carter).. Inner Clypeal Hairs. Close together though not touching, this distance is variable and they can be fairly wide apart, split midway or beyond into 2 stems which subdivide into 8-12 branches. Outer Clypeal Hairs. Simple or bifid, very short and stumpy, close to and behind inner hairs. Posterior Clypeal Hairs. Short and delicate, 2-5 branches. Submedian Hairs. Bases separate, inner hair with flattened stem, fan like, on a small basal tubercle, mid hair large and slightly flattened. Mesopleural Hairs. Both long hairs simple. Thoracic Palmate Hairs. Well developed, about 20 pale undifferentiated leaflets.. Abdominal Palmate Hairs. Seg. I, small and pale but differentiated; segs. IIVII, well developed leaflets with very long and fine filaments, shoulders with deep spike like incisions. Tergal Plates. Aery shallow and curved, with an irregular outline, equalling distance between bases of palmate hairs on seg. V, usually 3 accessory plates, but may be 5. Saddle Hair. Fairly short, split into 3-5 branches. Breeding Places. Shaded ditches, backwaters and floodwaters, especially amongst vegetation.. A. jebudensis Froud.. Inner Clypeal Hairs. Separated by about twice the width of their bases, simple and tapering to a fine point. Outer Clypeal Hairs. About A-A length of inner hairs, simple and bluntly pointed. Posterior Clypeal Hairs. About % length of inner hairs, simple or with slight fraying. Submedian Hairs. Bases separate, inner hair without a sclerotised base, single or with 2-3 branches, mid hair much longer and situated on a basal tubercle, 7-9 branches. Mesopleural Hairs. Both long hairs simple. Thoracic Palmate Hairs. With 6-8 narrow shoulderless leaflets. Abdominal Palmate Hairs. Seg. I, rudimentary, with about 6 shoulderless narrow leaflets; seg. II, with about 12 leaflets with indications of shoulders; segs. III-VII, leaflets with short filaments that are not usually very distinct. from the blades. 10. Acta Tropic,. 19, 2. 1962.

(12) Acta Prop. XIX. 2. 1962 — Entomology. 130. Pergal Plates. Small, oval and with an irregular outline, may be concave on posterior margin, 1 free accessory plate. Saddle Hair. Long and simple. Breeding Places. Small collections of exposed seepage water, in shaded ditches. A. buxtoni Service.. Inner Clypeal Hairs. Widely separated, curved inwards and pectinate on basal half. Outer Clypeal Hairs. Less than Yi length of inner hairs, feathered, with about branches. Posterior Clypeal Hairs. Aboul as long as outer hairs, with 10-12 branches. Subinedian Hairs. Bases separated and sclerotised, both hairs are greatly flattened. Mesopleural Hairs. One simple long hair, other with 4-5 branches. Phoracic Palmate Hairs. Rudimentary, about 9 shoulderless leaflets. Abdominal Palmate Hairs. Seg. I. undifferentiated leaflets; segs. II-VII, dif¬ ferentiated into about 20 broad leaflets, serrated shoulders and finely drawn out filaments. Pergal Plates. Medium size, narrow, curved, with an irregular outline, 1 acces¬ sory plate. Saddle Hoir. Short wilh 10-12 simple branches. Breeding Places. In semi-shaded forest streams. 8. A. maliensis. Bailly-Choumara & Adam. Appears to be inseparable from buxtoni. found breeding in rivers.. A. natalensis (Hill & llayden). Inner Clypeal Hairs. Widely separated, pectinate and tending to curve inwards. Outer Clypeal Hairs. Small and delicate with 2-4 branches. Vi length of outer hairs. Posterior Clypeal Hoirs. Small, delicate, 2-4 branched, about as long or shorter than outer hairs. Submedian Hairs. Bases separated and sclerotised, well developed and greatly flattened hairs, especially Ihe inner hair. Mesopleural Hairs. Both long hairs simple. Thoracic Palmate Hairs. Undifferentiated, about 18-22 linear leaflets. Abdominal Palmate Hairs. Seg. I, differentiated as on other segments but smaller; segs. II-VII, well developed serrated shoulders, and linear filaments about A- or more length of blades. Tergal Plates. Large size, equalling Ihe distance between tlie bases of the pal¬ free accessory plate. mate hairs on seg. V, shallow. Satldle Hair. Simple. Breeding Places. Typically a stream breeder. 1. A.. nili. (Theobald).. Inner Clypeal Hairs. Close together, long and stout, tufted dislally on the inner border. Outer Clypeal Hairs. Simple, situated near inner hairs and in line with them, about Yj length of inner. Posterior Clypeal Hairs. Short, simple or split into 2-3 branches. Submedian Hairs. Bases separated and sclerotised, well developed hairs, inner one flattened..

(13) Service, Keys to the West African Anophelini. 131. Mesopleural Hairs. Both long hairs simple. Thoracic Palmate Hairs. Well differentiated into blades and fine filaments, 15-22 leaflets. Abdominal Palmate Hairs. Seg. I, differentiated but slightly smaller than on other segments; segs. II-VII, well developed with fine long filaments, may be bifid or trititi at apices, shoulders with deep incisions. Pergal Plates. Moderately wide, equalling or nearly equalling the distance between the bases of the palmate hairs on seg. V, 1-3 free accessory plates. Saddle Hair. Short and simple. Breeding Places. Typically a stream and river breeder, found especially at edges of grassy vegetation. Notes. A metathoracic tergal plate is sometimes present; and in the propleural group of hairs the posterior dorsal one is unique in being stiff, spine like and barbed.. nili. var. somalieus Rivola & Holstein. Separable from the lype form by the branching of the clypeal hairs, breeding places much as for nili. Inner Clypeal Hairs. Close together, but differing from nili s.s. in that the apical lateral hairs are inserted symmetrically on both sides of the main. A.. stem.. Outer Clypeal Hairs. As long or a little longer than inner hairs, apically with a few fine branches. Posterior Clypeal Hairs. Simple, about Yj-% length of outer hairs.. A. smithi Theobald.. Inner Clypeal Hairs. Widely separated, usually with a variable amount of coarse fraying towards the apices. Outer Clypeal Hairs. About At length of inner hairs, fraying on basal half. Posterior Clypeal Hairs. About % length of outer hairs and reaching well beyond bases of inner hairs, frayed to a variable extent, may extend entire length of hairs. Submedian Hairs. Bases separate, only the mid hair with a sclerolised tubercle. Mesopleural Hairs. Both long hairs simple. Thoracic Palmate Hairs. About 11-16 broadish but undifferentiated leaflets. Abdominal Palmate Hairs. Seg. I, small hair but differentiated into shoulders and filaments; segs. II-VII, fully developed, about 12 narrow blades, distinct shoulders, filaments broadish basally, but apically filamentous. distance between the Tergal Plates. Very small, on seg. V width only about bases of palmate hairs, 1 free accessory plate. Saddle Hair. Long and simple. Breeding Places. Shaded situations, often in rocky pools, with some vegetation. -MS. A. smithi var. rageaui Mattingly & Adam. It is very doubtful whether or not the larvae can be separated from the type form, but the key character can be used with reservation, i.e. the presence of only 6 poorly differentiated leaflets in the palmate hairs. A. rhodesiensis Theobald.. Inner Clypeal Hairs. Widely separated and finely pectinate, the fraying may be very fine and scanty..

(14) Acta Prop. XIX. 2. 1962 — Entomology. 132. Outer Clypeal Hairs. About Yi length of inner hairs, may however be shorter than posterior hairs, usually with well defined fraying. Posterior Clypeal Hairs. Simple, as long or slightly longer than outer hairs. Submedian Hairs. Bases usually narrowly separated and sclerotised, occasio¬ nally fused, both hairs well developed, outer hairs according to Evans (19381 sometimes bifid. Mesopleural Hairs. One long hair simple, the other feathered, may be sparsely so.. Phoracic Palmate Hairs. Small, 9-11 undifferentiated leaflets. Abdominal Palmate Hairs. Seg. I, 8-11 poorly developed leaflets which may¬ or may not be differentiated; seg. II, 15-17 leaflets similar to those on segment 1: segs. III-VII, well marked serrated shoulders and filaments of about Mi length of blades. Pergal Plates. Moderate size, width on seg. V, about Yi distance between bases of palmate hairs, 1 free accessory plate. Saddle Hair. Simple or split into 2-3 branches. Breeding Places. In rock pools, forest streams and pools, ditches and artificial containers, in exposed or shaded positions. Notes. A group of spicules markedly longer than the rest is present on the basal Mi of the antennae. A. barbarellus Evans.. Inner Clypeal Hairs. Widely separated, simple and finely tapering. Outer Clypeal Hairs. Simple more than A length of inner hairs. Posterior Clypeal Hairs. Simple, similar in shape and size to outer hairs. Submedian Hairs. Bases fused and sclerotised. well developed hairs. Mesopleural Hairs. Bolli long hairs simple. 'Phoracic Palmate Hairs. Aboul 10 undifferentiated leaflets. Abdominal Palmate Hairs. Seg. I, about 10 leaflets wilh serrated shoulders; seg. II, larger than on seg. 1. but not fully developed; segs. III-VII, small leaflets with deeply serrated shoulders, filaments can be Y\ length of blades or considerably shorter. Pergal Plates. Variable size, on seg. V less than % or up to X distance be¬ tween the bases of the palmate hairs, 1 free accessory plate. Saddle Hair. Divided into 4 branches on outer half. Breeding Places. Road side ditches, springs, streams, and marshy grounds.. A. brunnipes (Theobald).. Inner Clypeal Hairs. Widely separated and finely pectinate, this is often dif¬ ficult to see and hairs may appear simple. Outer Clypeal Hairs. About Yi length of inner hairs, pectinate branching more definate.. Posterior Clypeal Hairs. Simple, slightly more than Yi length of outer hairs. Submediaii Hairs. Bases narrowly separated, inner and outer hairs well de¬ veloped on sclerotised tubercles. Mesopleural Hairs. Both long hairs simple. Phoracic Palmate Hairs. Rudimentary, hair like. .Abdominal Palmate Hairs. Segs. I-II, a few narrow lanceolate undifferen¬ tiated leaflets; segs. III-VII, fully developed, broad leaflets with sloping serrated shoulders, short sharply pointed spine like filaments which usually have broad bases. Tergal Plates. Width on seg. Y slightly more than Y> the distance between the bases of the palmate hairs, free accessory plate. 1.

(15) Service. Keys to the West African Anophelini. 133. Saddle Hair. Fairly short with 4-6 branches. Breeding Places. In partially shaded or exposed pools, slowly running water. Notes. The two long metapleural hairs deeply pigmented, the shorter one about % length of the other, stout and spine like, the longer hair is pectinate. Basal spines of pleural hairs large, curved and heavily pigmented.. A. d'thali Patton.. Inner Clypeal Hairs. Widely separated, simple. Outer Clypeal Hairs. A little more than Ms length of inner hairs, simple. Posterior Clypeal Hairs. About as long as outer hairs, simple. Submedian Hairs. Bases separate, small but sclerotised, well developed hairs. Mesopleural Hairs. Both long hairs simple (specimens from Aden show- one of these hairs feathered, so it is possible that this character will occur in W. Africa). Phoracic Palmate Hairs. Rudimentary, with 10-15 lanceolate leaflets. .Abdominal Palmate Hairs. Seg. I, poorly differentiated leaflets; segs. II-VII, well developed, narrow blades and few shoulder serrations, filaments finely tapering, about Yi length of blades. Tergal Plates. Small, on seg. V less than Yi distance between the bases of the palmate hairs, 3 accessory plates on segs. III-VII. Saddle Hair. Long and simple. Breeding Places. Seepage waters, hoof prints, rock pools and a variety of places.. A. longipalpis var. domicolus Edwards. Inner Clypeal Hairs. Widely separated, simple or with 2-3 branches. Outer Clypeal Hairs. Simple or with 2-4 branches, about M> length of inner hairs. Posterior Clypeal Hairs. Simple or 2-3 branched, slightly shorter than outer hairs. Submedian Hairs. Well developed hairs on fused sclerotised bases. Mesopleural Hairs. Both long hairs simple. Thoracic Palmate Hairs. Well developed, with 21-26 narrow leaflets which may be differentiated into shoulders and filaments. .Abdominal Palmate Hairs. Seg. I. well developed with 14-16 differentiated leaflets; segs. II-VII. fully differentiated, 15-20 broad leaflets with filaments aboul as long as blades. Tergal Plates. About equal lo or a little less than the dislance between the bases of the palmate hairs, 2 accessory plates on seg. I, 2-3 accessory plates on seg. II, and 3 accessory plates on segs. III-VII. Saddle Hair. Fairly short, split into 2-5 branches. Breeding Places. Drains, ditches, streams, especially amongst vegetation. Notes. Two metathoracic tergal plates are present.. A. longipalpis (Theobald). Possibly separable from var. domicolus by the absence of the metathoracic tergal plates, but Ibis is a somewhat doubtful character (vide Adam et al., 1956).. A. funestus Giles.. Inner Clypeal Hairs. Widely separated, simple. Outer Clypctd Hairs. Simple, 'A or more length of inner hairs. Posterior Clypeal Hairs. Simple, reaching beyond bases of inner hairs. Post Frontnls. Simple or bifid..

(16) 134. Ada Prop. XIX.. 2. 1962. — Entomology. Submedian Hairs. Bases fused and sclerotised, well developed hairs. Mesopleural Hairs. Both long hairs simple. Phoracic Palmate Hairs. About 10-20 narrow undifferentiated leaflets. Abdominal Palmate Hairs. Seg. I, 8-15 narrow undifferentiated leaflets, a few may have distinct shoulders; seg. II, smaller than the remainder but fully differentiated; segs. III-VII, 17-25 narrow leaflets, distinct square cut shoulders and long fine filaments of about Yi length of blades. 'Pergal Plates. Very large, width on seg. V greater than Hie distance between the bases of the palmate hairs, their depth covers most of the segment, medium and paired accessory plates usually included on the main plate, seen as 3 dark spots. Occasionally these plates may be free. Saddle Hair. Long and simple. Breeding Places. Typically in shaded situations, streams, rivers, marshes, ditches, rock pools. Notes. The clypeal pattern is distinctive; consisting of a transverse band of pigment just beyond the bases of the posterior clypeals and another about in line with the bases of the frontal hairs, from the latter extending from the middle is a small line of pigment expanding at the base of the head into a triangle. The ventral surface of the abdomen has transverse bands of small spicules, particularly well developed on segs. IV-VI.. A. rivulorum Leeson. Resembles funestus in all details except that the post frontal hair is many branched and the tergal plates are shallower and smaller, width: depth ratio is 3 : 1, 1-3 accessory plates, sternites are without spicules. Breeding places much as for funestus. A. leesoni Evans. Greatly resembles funestus differing as follows: Post frontal hair many branched as in rivulorum, clypeal pattern differs from both funestus and rivulorum in having a pair longitudinal pigment bands in lieu of the first transverse band. Tergal plate shallower but equal in width to distance between the bases of the palmate hairs, 2 free accessory plates, sternal spicules absent. Breeding places similar to those of funestus.. A. brucei Service. Similar to rivulorum but differs in that the outer clypeal hairs are only Mi length of inner hairs, and the tergal plates are shallower and wider, width: depth ratio 4:1,3 accessory plates usually present, but some specimens have only 1 plate. Breeding in shaded forest streams, and pools in partially dried up river beds. A. flavicosta Edwards.. Inner Clypeal Hairs. Widely separated, simple and long. Outer Clypeal Hairs. Simple, fairly stout basally, finely pointed, MS length of inner hairs. Posterior Clypeal Hairs. Simple and delicate, reaching just beyond bases of inner hairs. Submedian Hairs. Bases close together or fused, sclerotised, well developed hairs. Mesopleural Hairs. Both long hairs simple. Phoracic Palmate Hairs. Rudimentary, about. 16. undifferentiated leaflets..

(17) Service. Kegs to the West African Anophelini. 135. Abdominal Palmate Hairs. Segs. I-II, rudimentary, only 3-7 leaflets but dif¬ ferentiated into shoulders and filaments; segs. III-VII, well defined serrated shoulders, short pointed filaments. Tergal Plates. Fairly large, increasing in depth on posterior segments, width on seg. V greater than the distance between the palmate hairs. 1 accessory plate. Saddle Hair. Long and split halfway into 5-8 branches, occasionally 3 branched. Breeding Places. Streams, rice fields, marshes, amongst vegetation and shade. A. hargreavesi Evans. Inner Clypeal Hairs. Widely separated, long and simple. Outer Clypeal Hairs. Simple, or occasionally bifid, about A length of inner hairs. Posterior Clypeal Hairs. Simple and delicate, shorter than outer hairs. Submedian Hairs. Bases sclerotised, may be fused or closely approximated, well developed hairs. Mesopleural Hairs. Both long hairs simple. Thoracic Palmate Hairs. About 12-16 undifferentiated leaflets. Abdominal Palmate Hairs. Seg. I, poorly developed, either undifferentiated or with very slight indications of serrated shoulders; segs. II-VII, fully developed, broad leaflets with serrated shoulders and fine filaments, about Yj length of blades. Pergal Plates. Moderate size, slightly more than twice as wide as deep, width on seg. V about Yj of that between the bases of the palmate hairs. 1 accessory plate. Saddle Hair. Long and simple, occasionally bifid. Breeding Places. In streams, ditches, marshes, often associated with Pistia stratiotes. Notes. The "Y" shaped clypeal pattern is reminiscent of moucheti. and the outer clypeal hairs are sometimes short and abruptly pointed as in moiicheti var. nigeriensis. for which the species is often confused.. A. hancocki Edwards.. Inner Clypeal Hairs. Widely separated, simple, long and finely pointed. Outer Clypeal Hairs. Simple, stoutish. abruptly pointed, about Yi lenglh of inner hairs. Posterior Clypeal Hairs. Delicate or rather stout, simple, about equal in length to outer hairs, reaching at least to the bases of inner hairs (Evans 1938 describes a specimen with a 3 branched hair). Subined'ian Hairs. Well developed hairs on sclerotised bases, which are either fused or closely approximated. Mesopleural Hairs. Both long hairs simple (Evans [1938] quotes an occasional bifid hair). Phoracic Palmate Hairs. Rudimentary with 10-12 simple lanceolate leaflets. Abdominal Palmate Hairs. Seg. I. 9-13 leaflets with serrated shoulders and short filaments; segs. II-VII, broad leaflets, stumpy abruptly pointed filaments, about V6 length of blades. Tergal Plates. Moderate size, width on seg. V varies from less than M> to about 5/b distance between bases of palmate hairs, 1 free accessory plate. Saddle Hair. Short, split apically into 5 or more branches. Breeding Places. In clean water with or without Pistiti strotiotes, streams, pools, marshes..

(18) Acta Prop. XIX.. 136. 2. 1962. — Entomology. Notes. The pecten has 3-5 long teeth, the short ones are exceptionally short and commonly only Mi length of long ones, this character has been used to separate the larvae from marshalli (Evans, 1938), but De Meillon (1947) pointed out that the length of the short teeth in marshalli are. variable. A. hancocki var. masseguini Hamon. Similar to type form but differs in the following characters. Inner Clypeal Hairs. Simple, more abruptly pointed than in hancocki. re¬ sembling more the variation observed in atypical hancocki from Sierra Leone by Evans (1938). Outer Clypeal Hairs. Simple and stoutish. Posterior Clypeal Hairs. Only reaching bases of inner hairs. Tergal Plates. At least as wide as the distance between the bases of the palmate hairs, anterior third and the two lateral extremities distinctly darker, 3 accessory plates on segs. III-VL Breeding Places. Much as for hancocki.. A. hancocki var. gilroyi Service. Similar in several details to the type form of hancocki and in other details to var. masseguini but can be distinguished on the following characters. Inner Clypeal Hairs. Long, simple and tapering to a fine point. Outer Clypeal Hairs. Simple and abruptly pointed. Posterior Clypeal Hairs. Only Yj length of outer hairs, not reaching the bases of either the inner or outer hairs. Abdominal Palmate Hairs. Segs. I-II, undifferentiated, though 1 or 2 leaflets may have indications of shoulders. Tergal Plates. Fairly large, depth being Yj that of segment, on seg. V their width equals or very nearly equals the distance between the bases of the palmate hairs. 1 accessory plate. Saddle Hair. Split nearer the base than in hancocki. into 6-7 branches. Pecten. The short teeth are longer than in hancocki. the longest being more than Yj the length of the long teeth. Breeding Places. In swamps. A. hancocki var. brohieri Edwards. Cannot apparently be separated from var. gilrogi. A. marshalli (Theobald).. Inner Clypeal Hairs. Widely separated, simple. Outer Clypeal Hairs. Simple, occasionally 2-3 branched, about Yj or more length of inner hairs. Posterior Clypeal Hairs. Simple, occasionally branched or pectinate, about as long as outer hairs. Submedian Hairs. Bases sclerotised, can be fused but normally narrowly separated or even widely separated, both hairs well developed. Mesopleural Hairs. Both long hairs simple. Phoracic Palmate Hairs. Rudimentary, with about 12 narrow undifferentiated leaflets. .Abdominal Palmate Hairs. Seg. I, small, 11-13 leaflets with serrated shoulders and filaments; segs. II-VII, fully developed, broadish leaflets with serrated shoulders, filaments usually abruptly pointed about less than Yi length of blades..

(19) 137. Service. Keys to the West African Anophelini. Pergal Plates. Width on seg. V more than A distance between the bases of the palmate hairs, width: depth ratio 3 1.1 accessory plate. Saddle Hair. Short with at least 5 branches, usually 7-8, though may be up to 11 branched. Breeding Places. In fresh clear shaded waters, apparently dense shade is not tolerated, also in seepages and streams. :. A. marshalli var. mousinhoi De Meillon & Pereira. Inner Clypeal Hairs. Widely separated, simple. Outer Clypeal Hairs. Simple, about MS length of inner hairs. Posterior Clypeal Hairs. Simple, about as long as outer hairs. Submedian Hairs. Bases placed close together, sclerotised, well developed hairs. Mesopleural Hairs. Both long hairs simple. 'Phoracic Palmate Hairs. As for marshalli. .Abdominal Palmate Hairs. Seg. I, 12-14 undifferentiated lanceolate leaflets; seg. II, about 12 undifferentiated leaflets, but occasionally filaments may be distinguished from the blades; segs. III-VII, broadish leaflets with serrated shoulders and delicate filaments, sometimes as long as blade but usually shorter, never however as stumpy or as abruptly pointed as in marshalli. Pergal Plates. Large, nearly equalling the distance between the bases of the palmate hairs on seg. V. width: depth ratio 2.5 : 1.1 accessory plate. Saddle Hair. Long and simple. Breeding Places. Swamps, amongst aquatic vegetation and also in slow flow¬ ing water amongst grass and reeds. Notes. The clypeal pattern is similar to that of leesoni in possessing a pair of longitudinal pigment bands. A. moucheti Evans.. Inner Clypeal Hairs. Widely separated, simple and finely pointed. Outer Clypeal Hairs. Only about A length of inner hairs, a number of stiff branches.. Posterior Clypeal Hairs. Minute and delicate, simple or bifid. Submedian Hairs. Bases small and sclerotised, and closely approximated or fused.. Mesopleural Hairs. Both long hairs simple. Thoracic Palmate Hairs. Numerous linear undifferentiated leaflets. Abdominal Palmate Hairs. Seg. I, differentiated into fine filaments and ser¬ rated shoulders; seg. II, as on other segments but smaller; segs. III-VII, broadish blades with serrated shoulders and fine filaments measuring Yj-A length of blades. Tergal Plates. Moderate size, width about A the distance between the bases of the palmate hairs, on seg. X, width: depth ratio about 2.3 1.1 accessory plate. Stallile Hair. Long and bifid apically. Breeding Places. In rivers, streams and marshy land. Notes. The clypeal pattern may be faint and hard to see. but is in the form of a "Y" as in hargreavesi. :. A. moucheti var. nigeriensis Evans. Only differs from the type form in having the outer clypeal hairs simple or bifid, they are blunt as in type form. Breeds in swamps. This is a rare form.

(20) 138. Acta Prop. XIX. 2, 1962 — Entomology. and more material is needed before it can be definitely placed as a variety. of moucheti.. A. theileri Edwards.. Inner Clypeal Hairs. Bases separate, simple and finely pointed. Outer Clypeal Hairs. Simple, about Mi-MS length of inner hairs, usually abrupt¬ ly pointed. Posterior Clypeal Hairs. Simple and delicate, shorter than outer hairs. Submedian Hairs. Bases fused and sclerotised, well developed hairs. Mesopleural Hairs. Both long hairs simple. Thoracic Palmate Hairs. Differentiated into narrow blades with sloping ser¬ rated shoulders, finely pointed filaments, rather smaller than fully developed abdominal hairs. Abdominal Palmate Hairs. Seg. I, much as for the thoracic, hair; seg. II, as on seg. I but slightly larger; segs. III-VII, broadish blades with sloping serrated shoulders and long finely pointed filaments. Pergal Plates. Quite large, that on seg. V nearly equalling the distance between the bases of the palmate hairs, usually convex anteriorly and concave posteriorly, with the lateral corners upturned. 3 accessory plates. Saddle Hair. Long and simple. Breeding Places. Reported from streams in shady situations. Notes. The larvae in common with those of distinctus and wellcomei have the ventral and lateral surfaces of the thorax and abdomen covered with spicules, not, however, arranged in belts and usually extending partially onto the dorsal surface. Like the two above species these spicules enable the larvae to crawl up vegetation and the sides of containers. A. wellcomei Theobald.. Inner Clypeal Hairs. Widely separated, long and simple. Outer Clypeal Hairs. Simple, stout and about Mi length of inner hairs. Posterior Clypeal Hairs. Simple, delicate and shorter than the outer hairs. Submedian Hairs. Bases large, sclerotised and fused, well developed hairs. Mesopleural Hairs. Both long hairs simple. Thoracic Palmate Hairs. Differentiated into sloping serrated shoulders and finely pointed filaments. Abdominal Palmate Hairs. Seg. I, much as for thoracic hair but larger; seg. II, similar to that on seg. I, but nearly as large as on other segments; segs. III-VII, broad blades, serrated sloping shoulders and long fine filaments. Pergal Plates. Moderately large, varying from MS-% distance between bases of palmate hairs, evenly rounded or similar in shape to theileri. Saddle Hair. Long and simple. Breeding Places. Swamps, marshes and small streams. Notes. Abdomen and thorax with spicules as in theileri.. A. freetowncnsis Evans.. Inner Clypeal Hairs. Widely separated, long and simple. Outer Clypeal Hairs. Simple, finely pointed about Yj length of inner hairs. Posterior Clypeal Hairs. Simple, about equal in length to outer hairs. Submedian Hairs. Bases usually fused, sclerotised, well developed hairs. Mesopleural Hairs. One of the long hairs feathered. 'Phoracic Palmate Hairs. Undifferentiated lanceolate leaflets. Abdominal Palmate Hairs. Seg. I, smaller than the remainder, but with dif¬ ferentiated leaflets, serrated shoulders and fine filaments; segs. II-VII,.

(21) Service. Keys to the West African Anophelini. 139. broad leaflets with rather square cut serrated shoulders and fine filaments measuring Mi-MS length of blades. Pergal Plates. Small, width on seg. V less than A the distance between the bases of the palmate hairs, 1 accessory plate. Saddle Hair. Simple. Breeding Places. Bock pools, streams, ground pools, and marshes. Notes. The lateral bristles on segs. IV-VI have compound branching, this character distinguishes it from the East African demeilloni. A. macmahoni Evans.. Inner Clypeal Hairs. Bases separate, long and simple. Outer Clypeal Hairs. Simple, slender, about Yj or less length of inner hairs. (Adam et al. 1956 report instances of bifid an trifid apical branching). Posterior Clypeal Hairs. Simple or split at apices into 2-3 branches, about as long as outer hairs. Submedian Hairs. Bases narrowly separated (occasionally fused, Adam et al. 1956), sclerotised bases but rather small. Mesopleural Hairs. One of the long hairs feathered. Phoracic Palmate Hairs. Undifferentiated lanceolate leaflets. Abdominal Palmate Hairs. Seg. I, small but wilh well defined serrated should¬ ers and filaments; seg. II, as for seg. I but larger and better developed; segs. III-VII, narrow blades, serrated shoulders and filaments Mi or more length of blades. Tergal Plates. Wide but shallow, anterior edge convex, posteriorly concave, width on seg. V Yt or more than the distance between the bases of the palmate hairs, 1-3 accessory plates. Saddle Hair. Simple, very occasionally split apically (Adam et al. 1956). Breeding Places. In swamps.. A. gambiae Giles.. Inner Clypeal Hairs. Widely separated, frayed or pectinate. Outer Clypeal Hairs. Simple or frayed, usually less than A length of inner hairs.. Posterior Clypeal Hairs. Simple or frayed, slender, shorter than outer hairs. Submedian Hairs. Bases widely separated, inner hair without sclerotised basal tubercle and very small, about 5-8 branches, mid hair on a weakly sclerotised base with about 7-13 branches. Mesopleural Hairs. Both long hairs simple, basal spine well developed, curved and sharply pointed. Phoracic Palmate Hairs. Bepresented by a 2-4 branched hair, very occasional¬ ly flattened into very narrow leaflets. Abdominal Palmate Hairs. Seg. I, 7-12 narrow undifferentiated leaflets; seg. II, 11-13 leaflets which may or may not be differentiated into shoulders and short filaments; segs. III-VII, about 14-18 small narrow differentiated leaflets, serrated shoulders and filaments about MS length of blades. Tergal Plates. Small, about MS or less distance between bases of palmate hairs, accessory plate. Saddle Hair. Long and simple. Breeding Places. In a great variety of places, pots, borrow pits, fire buckets, streams, marshes, rice fields, puddles, rock pools, usually in sunny1. positions. Notes. The pecten teeth are clearly differentiated into long and short ones, only small leeth are constantly with spicules..

(22) 140. Ada Trop. XIX,. 2, 1962 —. Entomology. A. gambiae var. melas Theobald. Morphologically oidy separable from the type by the fact that the pecten teeth are not readily separated into long and short teeth, all teeth have spicules. The larval pecten, however, is subject to variation (BRUCE Chwatt 1945), and the variety cannot always be separated from the type on this character. The two forms can usually be separated on a salinity test. Variety melas can withstand complete development in water containing 47.6 gm. NaCl per litre, whereas the threshold for the type form is about It.9 gm. per litre. This variety is confined to coastal regions and usually breeds in salt or brackish waters, especially in Avicennia swamps. For further details see Ribbands (1944a, 1944b) and also Bruce Chwatt and Service (1957). A. rufipes (Gough). Inner Clypeal Hairs. Widely separated, usually strongly branched or pectinate on outer MS, occasionally branching not so prominent, or more basal in position. Outer Clypeal Hairs. Usually prominently branched on outer MS, occasionally simple or bifid branching. Posterior Clypeal Hairs. About as long as outer hairs, delicate and simple. Submedian Hairs. Sclerotised tubercles may be fused or closely approximated, well developed hairs. Mesopleural Hairs. One of the long hairs feathered. Thoracic Palmate Hairs. Represented by a bifid or single hair. .Abdominal Palmate Hairs. Seg. I, undifferentiated linear leaflets; seg. II, as for seg. I but slightly broader; segs. III-VII, small broadish blades with well defined serrated shoulders and rounded stumpy filaments. Pergal Plates. Moderate size, width on seg. V about MS or more distance be¬ tween bases of palmate hairs, 1 accessory plate. Saddle Hair. Simple or split apically into 2 branches. Breeding Places. Streams, marshes, stagnant pools, rock pools, even in run¬ ning water, usually in exposed situations. A. rufipes var. ingrami Edwards. Not separable from type form, breeding places much. as. for type.. A. rufipes var. brucechwatti Hamon, Taufflieb & Dyemkouma. Not separable from type form, breeding places most likely do not differ from those of type form. A. broussesi Edwards. Not separable from rufipes, breeding places probably not differing from others of this group. A. pretoriensis (Theobald).. Inner Clypeal Hairs. Widely separated, long and simple. Oulcr Clypeal Hairs. Simple, about MS length of inner hairs. Posterior Clypeal Hairs. Simple, occasionally splil apically, aboul as long as outer hairs. Submedian Hairs. Bases usually closely approximated, may be fused, sclero¬ tised rather small tubercles, well developed hairs. Mesopleural Hairs. One of the long hairs feathered. 'Phoracic Palmate Hairs. Undifferentiated, represented by 2-7 branched hair. Abdominal Palmate Hairs. Seg. I, 7-11 narrow undifferentiated leaflets; seg. II, 12-18 differentiated leaflets, but not so large or developed as on remaining.

(23) Service, Keys to the West African Anophelini. 141. segments; segs. III-VII, fairly broad leaflets with sloping but distinctly serrated shoulders, long fine filaments measuring MS or nearly entire length of blades. Pergal Plates. Varying in width from less to slightly more than Mi of the width between bases of palmate hairs, 1 accessory plate. Saddle Hair. Long and simple. Breeding Places. In still or running waters, streams, rock pools, swamps, puddles. A. maculipalpis (Giles).. Inner Clypeal Hairs. Widely separated, simple or frayed. Outer Clypeal Hairs. Usually simple but may be bifid, about MS as long as inner hairs. Posterior Clypeal Hairs. Simple or occasionally bifid, about as long as outer hairs. Submedian Hairs. Bases closely approximated or fused, sclerotised, well de¬ veloped hairs. Mesopleural Hairs. One of the long hairs feathered. Thoracic Palmate Hairs. Undifferentiated, represented by a 2-5 branched hair. Abdominal Palmate Hairs. Seg. I-II, hair like or with 5-9 very slightly flat¬ tened branches; segs. III-VII, undifferentiated, tassel like. Tergal Plates. Moderate size, width on seg. V MS or slightly more than the distance between the bases of the palmate hairs, 1 accessory plate. Saddle Hair. Long and simple. Breeding Places. In a variety of places including very muddy pools, hoof prints, shallow waters, usually in unshaded situations. Although according to Dk Meillon (1947) it is not regarded as a stream breeder, Symes (1931) found il in streams, and the author finds it one of the commoner stream breeders in Raduna, N. Nigeria. Apparently it is tolerant of the red floculent precipitates lhat inhibit most anophelines, Evans (1938) and De Meillon (1947). Notes. The pecten is peculiar and characteristic in that it has a variable number of spicules on tlie body of the plate.. A. pharoensis Theobald. Inner Clypeal Hairs. Widely separated, pinnate or tufted on outer half. Outer Clypeal Hairs. Usually divided into 2-3 branches near base which are then subdivided into tufts of 20-45 branches. Posterior Clypeal Hairs. About MS or less length of inner hairs, split apically into 2-5 branches. Submedian Hairs. Bases fused, large and sclerotised. well developed hairs, inner hair lends to be flattened. Mesopleural Hairs. Both long hairs simple, basal spine large, curved and sharply pointed. Phoracic Palmate Hairs. Undifferentiated, 10-14 narrow leaflets. Abdominal Palmate Hairs. Seg. I, about 15 leaflets which are usually differen¬ tiated, but sometimes shoulders and filaments barely indicated; segs. II-VII. fully differentiated and according to De Meillon (1947) falling into two groups (1), leaflets narrow, index 1 8—1 10, serrations tending to be few in number often only 2-4, filaments narrow basally and finely pointed dislally, Vs-2/5 length of blades (2). leaflets broader, index about 1 6—1 7, serrations more numerous, filaments very short and often blunt apically. 'Tergal Plates. Moderate size, widtli on seg. V about equal to Mi distance be¬ tween bases of palmate hairs, 1 accessory plate. :. :. :. :.

(24) Ada Trop. XIX,. 142. 2, 1962 —. Entomology. Saddle Hair. Simple. Breeding Places. Usually amongst vegetation in streams or marshes. Notes. The small pecten teeth have well marked spicules which are larger than those in squamosus or var. cydippis.. A. squamosus Theobald. Inner Clypeal Hairs. Widely separated, usually prominently frayed on the outer Yj, compound branching may be present. Outer Clypeal Hairs. Tufted, 8-30 branches. Posterior Clypeal Hairs. Simple or split into 2-3 branches, a delicate hair. Mesopleural Hairs. Both long hairs simple, basal spines exceptionally large, curved and sharply pointed. Submedian Hairs. Bases fused and sclerotised, well developed hairs much as in pharoensis. Phoracic Palmate Hairs. Undifferentiated, 10-18 narrow leaflets. Abdominal Palmate Hairs. Seg. 1, either as for thoracic hairs, or with well marked serrated shoulders and filaments; segs. II-VII, fully differentiated, narrow leaflets wilh sloping serrated shoulders and fine filaments about Yj length of blades, but very variable in length. Pergal Plates. Moderate size, width on seg. V about MS distance between bases of palmate hairs, 1 accessory plate. Saddle Hair. Simple. Breeding Places. Shaded waters, streams, borrow pits, marshes, ponds. Notes. Spicules on the small pecten teeth inconspicuous, smaller than in pharoensis.. A. squamosus var. cydippis De Meillon. Very similar in general details to Ihe type form but differs as follows. Inner Clypeal Hairs. Frayed, usually inconspicuously so. Outer Clypeal Hairs. Simple or at most with a few branches. Mesopleural Hairs. One of the long hairs usually sligthly feathered, but may¬ be simple as in type form. 'Phoracic Palmate Hairs. Represented by a rudimentary hair. Abdominal Palmate Hairs. Seg. I, undifferentiated narrow leaflets; seg. II, as on seg. I but leaflets more flattened; segs. III-VII, with short stumpy filaments, but not rounded as in rufijics group. Breeding Places. Much as for type form.. A. brumpti Hamon & Rickenbach. The immature stages are not yet known.. Key to the Adults. (Based mainly on females.) 1.. 2.. Abdominal segments with laterallyprojecting tufts of scales Abdominal segments with no such tufts. Hind tarsi with at least the last 2 segments all pale Hind tarsi with the last 2 segments not all pale. 41 2. 3 17.

(25) Service, Keys to the West African Anophelini. 143. 3. Legs speckled. Legs not speckled 4.. 5.. Female palps with Female palps with. pale bands pale bands. 3 4. Female palps usually speckled, last 3 segments of hind tarsi all pale Female palps not speckled, only last 2 segments all pale. 6.. Mesonolal scales narrow Mesonotal scales mainly broad. 7.. Palps shaggy, mesonotal scales yel¬. maculipalpis pretoriensis (in part). low. natalensis pretoriensis (in part). Palps smooth, mesonotal scales white 8.. Hind larsi with last. 3. segments all. niidiensis. pale. Hind tarsi with only last all pale 9.. 10.. 11.. 2. segments. Palps very shaggy with usullay 4 pale bands, may be reduced to 2-3 bands Palps not shaggy. Distal Distal. of palps all pale of palps not all pale, with 3 pale bands, outer 2 broad Hind tibia with a long pale streak at apex above, at least 4 times its width, hind tarsal segment 1 with a pale basal ring not much shorter than this Hind tibia with only a small pale band at apex, pale area on hind tarsal segment 1 correspondingly small or. 10. hancocki var. gilroyi. Mi. Hind tarsal segment Hind tarsal segment. 13.. Wings with a pale spot in 3rd dark area on vein 1. scales yellowish Wings without such a spot, scales white. Hind tarsal segment Hind tarsal segment. 13. coustani. 12. 12.. 15.. 11. MS. absent. 14.. buxtoni. 3 3. 3. 3. all pale dark basally. paludis coustani var. ziemanni 14. 16. hancocki hancocki var. masseguini (in part) hancocki var. brohieri (in part). all pale not all pale. Absence of any pale spots on the basal Yi of costa Presence of 1 or 2 pale spots on the basal Yi of costa. 15. theileri hancocki var. masseguini (in part) hancocki var. brohieri (in part).

(26) Acta Prop. XIX, 2, 1962 — Entomology. 144 16.. Hind tarsal segment 3 with basal A or more dark Hind tarsal segments 3-5 entirely pale or 3 with narrow dark rings basally. rufipes. rufipes var. ingnillii. speckled, palps with 3 pale bands, occasionally 4 banded. 17. Legs. 18.. 19.. gambiae gambiae var. melas. Legs not speckled. 18. Wings very dark, pale spots present as mimile spots or completely absent Wings not excessively dark as above. 19. Pale scales of wing confined lo costa and vein 1 Wings with olher pale scaling. 20. Head scales. smithi. 20 21. d'thali. narrow, yellowish. Head scales broad, white 21.. Wings with at least. 1. pale spot on. of costa Wings with no pale spots on basal of costa. basal. 22. Palps. rhodesiensis 22. MS. MS. with the apex dark. Palps wilh the apex pale 23. Palps. 25.. 30 23. nili nili var. somalicus. with only Ihe apex pale. Palps with at least 24.. 28. other pale bands. 24. Wings with a pale spot in 3rd dark area on vein 1, sometimes fused with subcostal pale spot Wings with no such spot. 25 33. 2. Palps witli the 2 distal pale bands broad Palps with the subapical pale band narrower than the intervening dark band. 26. 27. 26. Mesonotal scales. narrow or verynarrow except on anterior MS or less, outstanding wing scales long and narrow Mesonotal scales broader, outstanding wing scales broader. 27.. Hind tarsal segments 1-4 witli distinct apical pale rings Hind tarsal segments 2-4 without. marshalli marshalli var. mousinhoi hargreavesi (in part) hargreavesi (in part). such pale rings, mesonotal scales. broad. brunnipes.

(27) Service. Keys to the West African Anophelini 28. Palps shaggy,. all dark. Palps smooth, not all dark. obscurus obscurus var. nowlini 29. Outer Mi of proboscis with creamy yellow scales, distal Yj of palps mainly pale scaled, wing abnormally pale Outer Yj of proboscis all or mainly dark, distal Yj of palps dark with pale bands, wing abnormally pale. 29.. wellcomei lin part). wellcomei (in part). all dark except for a few scat¬ tered pale scales on segment 2 Palps wilh 3 pale bands, may be. 30. Palps. indefinite. jebudcnsis 31. Hind tarsal segment 4 with a broad dark band in middle, segment 5 all. 31.. rufipes var. brucechwatti. pale. Hind tarsi otherwise. 32. smithi var. ntgeuui. 32. Basal Yi of costa. Basal. all dark of costa with 2 pale spots. Mi. with at least the subband apical pale narrow These palps with the 2 distal pale bands broad. broussesi. 33. Female palps. 34 35. Hind tarsi without definite pale rings. 31.. funestus (in part) leesoni. rivulorum macmahoni longipalpis (in part) and possibly var. domicolus. Hind tarsi with definite pale rings Hind tarsi without definite pale rings Hind tarsi with pale rings on at least. 35.. the. first. 2. segments. Small species, 2.4-3.3 mm., vein 3 either all dark or with a pale area not greater than % its length Larger species, vein 3 normally more extensively pale scaled. 36.. 36 38. funestus (in part) 37. Outstanding wing scales narrow, a pale fringe spot opposite vein 6 Outstanding wing scales broad, no spot opposite vein 6. 37.. Wings predominantly yellow, costa mainly deep yellow on outer Yj Wings otherwise. 38.. 1. 1. Acta Tropi™. 1!). 2. 1962. brucei. freetowncnsis. flavicosta 39. 145.

(28) Ada Prop. XIX.. 146 39.. 2. 1962. Hind tarsi all dark basally. moucheti moucheti var. nigeriensis. Hind tarsi with pale scales at least at base of segment 1. 40.. — Entomology. 40. Hind tarsi with pale rings extending well onto the bases of most segments. longipalpis (in part) longipalpis var. domicolus. Hind tarsi with pale rings extending at most slightly onto bases of barbarellus. segments. 4L Costa and wing field nearly all dark Costa and wing field with numerous 42. pale scales 42.. 43.. 44.. brumpti. Hind tarsi with segments 1 and 2 at least with more or less evenly spaced black and white rings, quite apart from the apical pale bands Hind tarsal segments 1 and 2 without such bands apart from apical ones. 43. Hind tarsi with segment nearly all dark, segment Hind tarsi otherwise. 44. 5. all or. 4. all pale-. Hind tarsi with segment 5 and about Yj of segment 4 all pale Hind tarsi with segment 5 all dark and less than Mi of 4 pale. cinctus. implexus. pharoensis squamosus squamosus var. cydippis. A. coustani Laveran. Palps.. Shaggy,. 4. pale narrow irregular bands, apex pale, basal band often. indistinct, Legs. Femur with apex pale; tibia wilh apical pale area elongated posteriorly to form a longitudinal streak, at least 4 limes as long as wide; tarsal seg. I. with scattered pale scales, apex and base broadly pale. seg. II, apical MS-MS pale, seg. Ill, about apical Yi pale, segs. IX-V, all pale. Often seg. Ill is all pale, and seg. I may have tlie apical pale band very narrow. Wings. Very dark, pale areas restricted. Costa: 2 pale spots, 1 at apex and other just beyond middle.. //ind. Vein 1: 1 or 2 pale spots. Vein 3: With an admixture of dark and pale scales. Vein 5: Pale at bifurcation. Fringe: Dark, except for pale spot between vein 2.1-2.2. Abdomen. A tuft of usually dark scales at apex of sterilite VII.. A. coustani var. ziemanni Grünberg. Similar to type but usually distinguishable on the following points. Hind Pegs. Apex of tibia, base of tarsal seg. I, and apices of segs. I-II. with the pale spot reduced, at most only twice as long as broad. The pale fringe spot opposite vein 2 usually extends to vein 3..

(29) 117. Service, Keys to the West African Anophelini. A. obscurus (Grünberg). Palps. Shaggy, all dark. Hind Pegs. Dark with very small but distinct pale apical spots to all segments except tarsal seg. V. which is entirely dark. Wings. Much as for coustani. but usually slightly darker and the basal Yj of vein 6 dark, a fringe spot present between veins 3 and 4.1.. A. obscurus var. nowlini Evans. Apparently indistinguishable from the type form. A. pa I ml is Theobald.. Much as for coustani but differing as follows. Hind Legs. Apex of tibia with a narrow pale ring; tarsal seg. seg. Ill, entirely pale. Wings. A fringe spot, sometimes indistinct, opposite vein 5.1.. I,-. dark basally,. A. implexus (Theobald). Pulps. Shaggy, appear knotted due to the presence of semi-erect scales. 4 pale hands and an additional dorsal patch of pale scales in front of clypeus, apex pale.. Hind Legs. Femur and tibia speckled; tarsal seg. I, with an indefinite line of pale scales, apex pale, seg. II, Yj-Yj apex pale. segs. III-IV, all pale, seg. V, all dark or about apical Mi pale. Wings. Pale areas tend to be yellowish. Costa: Base pale, 3 large pale areas. Vein 1 : Pale basally, 2 pale areas of varying length, may be an accessorydark spot. Vein 3: Base usually dark, otherwise mainly pale. Vein 5: Pale at bifurcation. Abdomen: Segs. I-YII with prominent projecting tufts of scales, sternites I-VII, with a pair of dorsal silvery spots.. A. cinctus (Newstead & Carter). Palps. Rather shaggy especially at base, 4 narrow pale bands, apex pale. Hind Legs. Femur and tibia speckled, on Ihe tibia much of the speckling is in the form of pale bands; tarsal seg. I, 7-8 pale bands, seg. II, 3-4 pale bands. seg. Ill, 2-3 pale bands, seg. IV, usually mainly all pale, seg. V, all pale or narrowly dark at base. Wings. Largely pale scaled, scales creamy. 1st Dark Area: Costa and vein 1 with 2 pale spots. 2nd Dark Area: Costa dark, vein 1 one pale spot. 3rd Dark Area: All dark. Vein 3: Largely pale, only about 2 basal and 1 apical dark spots. Vein 5: Dark at bifurcation and at end of vein 5.1. Fringe: Pale spots opposite all veins. Abdomen. Pale scales on basal borders of segs. Il-VI, seg. VII, scaling mainlylateral, and with outstanding tufts of lateral dark scales.. A. jebudensis Frond. Palps. Smooth, dark, unhanded but with a few scattered pale scales usually on seg. II. apex dark. Hind Legs. Femur with scattered pale scales internally; tibia and femur with.

(30) 1. Acta Prop. XIX.. IS. 2. 1962. — Entomology. pale apical spots; tarsi with indistinct apical bands that involve the bases of the next segments on joints II-III and III-IV, seg. V all dark. Wings. Pale scales whitish. 1st Dark Area: Costa dark, vein 1 pale basally. 2nd Dark Area: Costa dark, vein 1 one pale spot. 3rd Dark Area: All dark. Vein 3; Apical Yj pale, distally dark and with pale spot. but Vein 5: Main stem and lower branch pale upper branch dark at 1. bifurcation.. Fringe: Pale spot opposite all veins except vein. 6.. A. buxtoni Service. Pulps. Rather shaggy. 4 pale bands, apex pale. Hind Legs. Femur and tibia speckled, a few of them forming complete pale bands; tarsal seg. I, 3 pale spots, apex dark, seg. II, dark. seg. III. apical Yj pale, segs. IV-Y, all pale. Wings. Scales white but those on costa and vein 1 tend lo be creamy. 1st Dark Area: Costa and vein 1 two pale spois, base pale. 2nd Dark Area: Costa dark, vein 1 one pale spot. 3rd Dark Area: All dark. Vein 3: Apex dark, distal MS pale, proximal ' :i dark wilh pale spot. Vein 5: Stem dark, but fork cell pale at bifurcation. Fringe: Pale spots opposite all veins except vein 6. 1. A. maliensis Bailly Choumara & Adam. Very similar lo buxtoni but differs in having the last hind tarsus all pale.. ,3. segments of the. A. natalensis (Hill & Hayden). Palps. Ballier shaggy, especially towards the base. I pale bands, may be a little speckling as well, apex pale. Hind Legs. lemur and libia speckled, complete pale rings may be formed. tibia with apex narrowly pale; tarsal seg. I, aboul 5 pale rings, apex pale. seg. II. pale apically, seg. Ill, about the apical MS-/i pale. segs. IX-X. all pale. Wings. Scales rather yellow except those on costa which are whiter. 1st Dark Area: Costa and vein 1 all dark. 2nd Dark Area: Costa dark, vein 1 one small pale spot. 3rd Dark Area: All dark. Vein 3: Usually predominantly dark with 2-3 pale narrow spots and a little speckling. Vein 5: Dark at bifurcation. Fringe: Pale spots opposite all veins. A.. nili. (Theobald). Palps. Smooth, but base may tend to have semi-erect scales, dark with onlyapex narrowly pale. Hind Legs. Femur and tibia dark with very small apical pale spots; tarsus dark.' Wings. Scaling mainly dark, costal pale spots may be prominent or reduced. in size.. Dark Area: Costa dark or 1 pale spot present, vein 2nd Dark Area: Costa dark, vein 1 pale basally. 1st. 1. dark..

(31) Service, Keys to the West African Anophelini. 149. 3rd Dark Area: All dark. Vein 3: All dark, base and apex may be narrowly pale. Vein 5: Pale or dark at bifurcation. Fringe: Pale spols usually absent, indistinct, bill often presenl opposite veins 2.1, 4.2, and 5.2, and occasionally opposite 3 and 5.1.. nili. var. somalicus Rivola & Holstein. Although ihe authors (Rivola & Holstein 1957) list some minor differences in wing scaling from Ihe type form, all these differences can be found within the variations exhibited by nili s.s.. A.. A. smithi Theobald.. indistinct pale bands, apex usually dark. Hind Legs. All segments entirely dark except for very small pale spots at apices of femur and tibia. Wings. Very dark, pale scaling greatly reduced. Costa and vein nearly all dark, but usually a small pale spot present on vein 1 at end of 1st dark area, and a pale spot on the costa just beyond. Pulps. Smooth,. 3. 1. middle. Vein 3: All dark. Vein 5: Dark at bifurcation. Fringe: All dark. Notes: This species is unusual in exhibiting sexual dimorphism in the wing scaling. In the male the wings are much lighter scaled, with the 4 dark areas on the costa usually well separated by pale interruptions, vein 1 similarly marked. A. smithi var. rageaui Mattingly & Adam. As is indicated in Ihe key Ihe females of var. rageaui usually have paler wings than the type form. However, il is somewhat doubtful whether or noi Ihe adults can wilh any degree of certainly be separated from those of the lype form, as considerable variations in the amount of pale scaling occurs in both type and variety (vide Mattingly & Adam 1954, and Adam & Mattingly 1956).. A. rhodesiensis Theobald. Smooth, 3 pale rallier indistinct bands, apex pale, intervening dark band between the pale apical and subapical bands broad. Hind Legs. All segments dark, occasionally a few paler scales present at Palps.. apices. Wings. The 4 main dark areas well separated by pale interruptions, all these dark areas with costa and vein 1 completely dark. Other veins dark scaled,. fringe dark. Notes. This species is very similar to d'thali, but differs in having the head scales shorter and broader, white in the middle and black at the sides of Ihe head.. A. barbarellus Evans. Pulps. Smooth, apex pale.. 3. pale bands, distal. 2. broad, intervening dark band narrow,. Hind Legs. Femur with a very narrow pale apical spot; tibia with apical spot larger; tarsal segs. I-IV, with narrow apical pale rings, these may extend slightly onto bases of segments, seg. V, dark..

(32) 1. Ada Prop. XIX.. 50. 2. 1962. — Entomology. Wings. Pale scales usually creamy or yellowish. 1st Dark Area: Extreme base of costa sometimes pale. 2 pale spots, vein pale basally. 2nd Dark Area: Costa all dark or 1 pale spot, vein 1 one pale spot. 3rd Dark Area: All dark. Vein 3: Largely pale, dark spot at apex and 1-2 dark spots basally. Vein 5: Dark at bifurcation. Fringe: Pale spots opposite all veins except vein 6.. 1. A. brunnipes (Theobald). Pulps. Shaggy at base, otherwise smooth, 3 pale bands, intervening dark band broad, subapical pale band narrow, apex pale. Hind Legs. Apex of femur may be narrowly pale; tibia apex pale; tarsal seg. 1, may be narrowly pale, segs. II-V, all dark. Wings. Pale scales white. 1st Dark Area: Costa 2-3 pale spots, vein 1 pale basally. 2nd Dark Area: Costa dark, vein 1 one small pale spot. 3rd Dark Area: Costa dark, vein 1 one small pale spot. Vein 3: Usually pale on basal A but with a dark spot, apical Yj dark. Vein 5: Dark at bifurcation. Fringe: Pale spots opposite all veins.. A. d'thali Patton. This species is very similar to rhodesiensis. but can be separated from it by having long narrow yellowish scales on the head. Wings much as for rhodesiensis. Fringe and veins dark scaled and the 4 main dark areas separated ;.s for this species. A. longipalpis var. domicolus Edwards. Palps. Smooth, 3 pale bands, apex pale, the intervening dark band narrower than the 2 disiai pale bands. Adam el al. (1956) state lhat this dark band can be longer than the 2 distal pale bands. Hind Legs. Femur dark; tibia with apex pale; tarsal segs. with pale bands involving the apices of segs. IIV, and the bases of segs. II-Y. Wings. Pale scales whitish or creamy. 1st Dark Area: Costa 1 pale spot, vein 1 pale at base. 2nd Dark Area: Costa dark, vein 1 one pale spot, or base pale. 3rd Dark Area: All dark. Vein 3: Largely pale, apex and base dark. \Tein5: Dark at bifurcation. Fringe: Pale spots opposite all veins except vein 6, sometimes all pale from veins 1-4.1.. A. longipalpis (Theobald). Very similar to var. domicolus. but some specimens can possibly be distinguished from it by the possession of a narrow pale subapical band on the palps. This is however a doubtful character. A. funestus Giles. pale bands, apex pale, the pale bands vary in width but usually narrow, the intervening dark band is broad. Hind Legs. Femur dark; tibia with an indistinct pale spot at apex; tarsal seg¬ ments dark but usually a few paler scales at joints.. Palps. Smooth,. 3.