IGES Policy Report 2012-07

T t

2 Lessons from the capacity

building in Asia

IGES Policy Report 2012-07

IGES CDM Reform Series No.3

IGES Policy Report

About this report

Authors:

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D IGES Policy Report

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

4

Abbreviation

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6

1. Introduction

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7

2. Need for additional demands of CERs

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

8

3. Lessons learned from CDM implementation

- Need to strengthen host countries capacity

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12

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D,=/2D?0 % ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,A

4. Recommendation

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31

References

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32

= IGES Policy Report

Executive Summary

Introduction

Need for additional demands of CERs

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IGES Policy Report

Lessons learned from CDM implementation – Need to strengthen host countries capacity

Treatment for the equitable distribution of project activities and capacity building

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Country case study 1: Cambodia

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A IGES Policy Report

Abbreviations

A/R $$ 2$

CDM %2(%!! ! CER 52! 2

CMP /$$0 ( ) )$0 0%

CO2 &2 C 2

CP1 5!! ! 2 CP2 2!! ! 2 CPM & ! !

DENR !$'( !2J%

DNA 2 )2 % DOE 2 )2 % EB C (&2

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EU-ETS '! 2 )!

GHG ))

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IGES $"%&%'( !%)

LDC %2(%2

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N IGES Policy Report

1. Introduction

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; IGES Policy Report

2. Need for additional demands of CERs

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Background

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Number of days Number of projects

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2. Need for additional demands of CERs

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9: IGES Policy Report

Table 1: Eligibility for CER usage and CER supply during CP2 (2013-2020)

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2. Need for additional demands of CERs

99 IGES Policy Report /'%$ &2"'

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Figure 2: Imbalance between CER supply and demand during 2013-2020 period

Million t-CO2e HFC, N2O, A/R CDM

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Japan NZ Australia EU-ETS EU QELRO

Supply Demand

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9 IGES Policy Report

3.1 Treatment for the equitable distribution of project activities and capacity building

3. Lessons Learned From CDM Implementation - Need to strengthen Host Countries Capacity

Discussions in the CMP and the CDM EB

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9D IGES Policy Report Table 2: History of overcoming CDM barriers

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9= IGES Policy Report

Overview of the CDM capacity building programme activities

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Number of programmes

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3. Lessons Learned From CDM Implementation

9>

IGES Policy Report Table 3: Type of activities and support in capacity-building programmes

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9A IGES Policy Report

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Figure 4: Number of registered projects and capacity building programmes in LDCs

Number

Capacity building programme Registered project

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Uganda Cambodia Nepal Senegal Bangladesh Lao PDR Rwanda Madagascar Bhutan DR Congo Tanzania Zambia Mali Ethiopia Mauritania Mozambique Benin Burkina Faso Angola Malawi Niger Samoa Afghanistan Burundi CAR Gambia Guinea Myanmar STP Tiomor-Leste Togo Vanuatu Yemen

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3. Lessons Learned From CDM Implementation

9N IGES Policy Report

9; IGES Policy Report

3.2 Country case study 1: Cambodia

Actions by Cambodia's DNA

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9B IGES Policy Report

Conclusion

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: IGES Policy Report

3.3 Country case study 2: Mongolia

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%)2$3&%)/, ) %2$$% ! 2 $/22!) $

% ( 2 )‘ 3%2 & & (% C ( 2 %%% ! ( $22 &2) 22"6",

8 )& 32/

(!(&Œ$-:9D%

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! %)% &(A29:N/1 (%,!!$) 2/

1 )% (%(2 $! C%

2 %2 )H%27 %% !/%%) / 2"!$H, !% / )% !,

Table 5: List of ongoing CDM projects in Mongolia

?"'*:9D2:9D&+

Project Name Status Annual ER (t)

% H 2! ) 2 9N;NN;

62301 )% ) 2 BA::

)62301 )% ) 2 D:=::

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0%%2& 4% )% 2% 2 9B=DA

')/2 š 5$/%')02. š

)% *0+ 2% 2 A9A>A

3. Lessons Learned From CDM Implementation

9 IGES Policy Report

Barriers to the CDM in Mongolia

Barrier 1: small size of population and project scale

)% 8 J 2( 2 $ $ '( !2"(%!*$!%

$ J '( ! 2 ! :9

% + 22 ! ( ! $ )% 82 $/,2352

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&( $! )% 8 J? 3 % )%

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!2% 2&5) !$ 2/'*J':99+,

Table 6: Barriers in the CDM project developments in Mongolia

?)% $J'( !2 !*:99+

Barrier Description

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IGES Policy Report

Conclusion

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& %, 3. Lessons Learned From CDM Implementation

D IGES Policy Report Figure 5: CDM project distribution in Asia

Figure 6: Relationship between population size and registered CDM projects

10

$905 GNI per capita

Number of registered project

CDM-rich countries China (3168) India (1104) Indonesia (107) Philippines (62) Thailand (92) Vietnam (211) Malaysia (127) Pakistan (16)

LDCs Bangladesh (4) Bhutan (2) Cambodia (7) Lao PDR (4) Myanmar (0) Nepal (6)

Papua New Guinea (7)

Middle-income countries with limited CDM projects

Mongolia (4) Sri Lanka (8)

Population 10,000,000,000

1,000,000,000

100,000,000

10,000,000

1,000,000 5,000,000

100,000

Number of registered projects

1 10 100 1000 10000

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?"'*:9D+2H%27*:9+,2&)%( 22& ,

= IGES Policy Report

Figure 7: Relationship by country status

Countries with 10 or less CDM registered projects (132)

LDCs (49) Countries with less than five million population（70） LDCs with less

than five million population (18) 22 %%) % )% %2 $%%3 )!%2&?

+ 0( 2/<%2% )%%2 2 $ ./ 2

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1 ,

Table 7: CDM-related support to LDCs and non-LDCS with 10 or less registered projects

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registered projects*⁹

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IGES Policy Report 2%$!)% /1

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A IGES Policy Report

3.4 Country case study 3: The Philippines

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CDM Trends over the years

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Number

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year

Request for LoA LoA issued project Registered project CER issued project

Figure 8: Status of project in the Philippines

?0( 22&'J<'7

3. Lessons Learned From CDM Implementation

N IGES Policy Report

Barriers Encountered during CDM project development

National Requirements and procedures:

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; IGES Policy Report

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% , 3. Lessons Learned From CDM Implementation

B IGES Policy Report

Best Practices in Addressing the Barriers

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D: IGES Policy Report

Conclusion

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3. Lessons Learned From CDM Implementation

D9 IGES Policy Report

4. Recommendations

The CD M Capaci t y Building should b e more standardised and more systemic to provide effective operation

2 % &2!%%2 ( 2 4%% ! ( 2 !)&%

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The CDM could be utilised more in less-populated

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The CDM could be more decentralised by using a domestic reporting system to track emission reductions and sustainable development

!(2 ! ) ! 3 2

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The CDM needs to be transformed to be a common infrastructure for all

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4. Conclusion

D IGES Policy Report

Reference

2. Need for additional demands of CERs

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Reference

DD IGES Policy Report '%3,H )7,2 ,,:9,6%6 2–$$ ) ''2&)/% ! /! ),2&)% !! ),*( %&%??##333,2&),),# ™!2 #2$##6%™™

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D= IGES Policy Report

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Reference

D>

IGES Policy Report 4&,0,,"226,"2 -,!,27 ,:9,/$!?!( )$5 2$/%(%! !)22 ,/&5 H%2 7H )/,

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DA IGES Policy Report

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3.2 Country case study 1: Cambodia

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Reference

DN IGES Policy Report

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