34657"!21)8#) 5 !)9;:<!">=?,@-"A!)
BC
12-$,"!"?'D* ) 5
EFHGJILKNMPOQRLRLMTSVU1WXILY[ZF\MTR^]0_J`aGNb!MTS
cdfe*g\h[iVjkimlonqp^r'sutwvyxozonqloto{s|t~}osu&tmloe7nsup/zoTjnfe lwto{fpe*>/zoh[tos|i
?\tosfnpsj/jTjlwjj{Vh[nj
[wTw[f[
"$#%" &('*),+.-0/21436587914:;:;'*36+
< e vyd>=u{f>to}w>t@?t8A>tw}oloto{fpCB s|pqgos|=pd>=D= s|t8c&>sD=|gonqdFEG=Hs|t >s|tw>n HIB npq/z\hF=J=upqjnfe lwto{ e*suj>s|tw>n ?t
pqjknqfe*e h[/zLK!h[zM= [dft
M 0 = 3.0
B>s [>npq/zos|}o>tw>tN?twpqjk=J=OA9s|toiP=|t fd[t
Bws|p
20 ◦ e*suj^sJ=vy }w>p h[eQ<R?IS >tVjRA9su/i[P=jktUTNs|tosjk WV d>=|lwe7tYXdT}op&Z\[&M]&^B>nq>/zotwj_A>nq}o>t [ h[pvyxon}os| s|e,lM=h
jks|d[t`K>l^B tTljaK>to}oYS sjj>n2A9sun}`K>lwt\[/zopjbKlon
V
>nvyxo{floto{-{fpqjP=J=j!Ns|e
V
nc=|h[lwv^}o>ped1nkhimjs|imloe*p
ps|tw}#hFB>n9hlo/zs|{fto&lotopjknqloiVjklonqs|>njk S&sujj>n e*suj }o>e [dft }o>n<;f<R?>tVjRA9su/i[P=jkt#i[d[pqjktM=|d[p>t
S sjjkn{fto>nhjkd[n9rhgYX KlnpqjP=D=|>t
il#lotVjknpqlo/zo>t-pqs|to}}\hFB>s?}os|kjml\hF=usujkhjksf>t#Tjnfe lwto{fpq[>nC=[lwvybl mjk>mf
V
>n}wxototmloto{fpvL[/zon loto}
r'tVjndfgosujn>twtLnH[/zotpoqA9s|h[lo/zjml\h[tVjksj/hjsu[*?lwppkh{f>t~xMB>n}os|h[>nqd}LrTt\he7sup/zots>sOAnqjkw}osu
h[e r1to}w8}o>ntHIBoloto{ [dft }o>t s|tMKP=|tw>tuS&nlogwg t`K>l >suto>n2dNd>=|h[nt`K>loph[e7e*>tw{f>pqjaK(jtAn}ot
[ hvB>s9}os|pe s>supgosuP=9>suto jzo>d[njs|pq/zo
V
n{>=u>s|/zwpc=|[ploto{}on0Tjnfe,loto{ae*suj*^sJ=vy8}o>n TjkdFm
rxwg\htopsudftopy zo>dfnqs|fd[nc=|su>{[j>pqd>=J=xKloe V >nq{>=|s|/z }osu>pq h[tohF=Drmjksup/zofpqloto{ e7sjjP=|p>s|tw>p g#h[gM=u
zadfnqimpzojkpzon{f=|sujk(j{A>n}w>t [ ht\h[/z psuto} }os|7e7sjZk[&M]&X{fAdftotw>tot tmloe*>nsup/zot r'n
{fPBotws|ppqe*suj }o>ny zodfnsu&iTnqsujs|p/zKl [>n{F=|>su/zo>t
"$#W| }{14~6L;14:;1
•
?tA>to}wloto{0s|topIB>pjkzo>to}w>tTJsutosuj WV d>=|loe*>t@Xd}w>p^h[lwvJlotopqjnloiVjlonsu>nqj>tYS sjj>nt
•
r1s|twvyxwzonlotw{7sut8}\h[p9pCrTe{Bd>=|sup/zo g#h jkzoe hjs|imgonqdf{fnkhe7eg#h[gL=|
•
r1s|twvyxwzonlotw{7sut8}\h[p
V
supl\hF=us|pqs|>nqloto{fpqgond[{fnkh[e*e <;sg]&g>t[
•
V >nqpqjk[to}otosup9}o>n9{fnqloto}M=u>{fto}o>td1z\[tod[e7to >s|tw>nIH6B>nqp/z\hF=D=|pjkn[e loto{
•
g#hjzo>e7hjs|p/zw^e7pqjcK>loto{*}on*S&nlwto}o{>=u>s|/zmlotw{f>t plog>nqpdftws|p/zw>nTjknqfe loto{[>t
•
y!h[e7h[ncB>sj
"$# U143*x79;+x7L1.)c7F-0M1
•
s|tml9w
•
g#h[gL=|
•
Z\[&M]&
•
<;sg] g tG[
?6BMBosD=|}olotw{ cdft9E\{flonhjksudft e7sj }onsTjkFmf>t
?*BMBwsJ=|}wloto{
c^dftLE\{flwnkhjs|dft
e*suj }onq>s?r wg\h[topqs|dftwpqvL[/zont
• M 0 = 3.0
• a 0 = 0.0, 2.0, 4.0, ...20.0 ◦
• p 0 = 1.0
• ρ 0 = 1.0
• γ = 1 . 4
• l = 2.0
h = 0.2
• θ = arctan 2 l h
•
9>/zoto{fPBws|j
[ − 2 , − 3] × [4 , 3]
•
cdTdfnq}os|t\h jk>t c&>sD=
( − 1; 0) , (1; 0) , (0; 0.2)
|#%" &(:;:%+.1 14;3*1 U14;14~ '63*+.143
[E\twsujksudft~}o>n/zohF=J=u{f>pq/z8A9suto}osu{fi[suj
c = r
γ p ρ
l o
[E\twsujksudft~}o>n6g#h/zMK!h[zL=
M = V c
l o
< }o!hF=u S h[pq{>=|s|/zmloto{
p
ρ = R · T
l o< p>tVjndfg>t8BPK>su>zmloto{[>tvyxon[su/zVjk loto}[nlo/i
ρ 1 = ρ 0
1 + γ − 2 1 M 0 2
1 + γ − 2 1 M 1 2
! γ −1 1
l o
p 1 = p 0
1 + γ − 2 1 M 0 2
1 + γ − 2 1 M 1 2
! γ−1 γ
l>o
|#W| q79h),0 14:%3
tan( σ 1 − ϑ )
tan(σ 1 ) = 2 γ + 1
1
M 0 2 sin 2 ( σ 1 ) + γ − 1 γ + 1
lo
ρ 1 = ρ 0
tan(σ 1 ) tan(σ 1 − ϑ)
l>o
M 0 n 1 = M 0 sin(σ 1 )
lop 1 = p 0
2
1 + γ (γM 0 2 n 1 − γ − 1
2 )
l oM 1 n = 1 + γ− 2 1 M 0 2 n 1
γM 0 2 n 1 − γ − 2 1
! 1 2
l ! o
M 1 = M 1 n
sin(σ 1 − ϑ)
l [ o
|# _-.3*5 ;$3659)M~61
[E\twsujksudft~}o>nId1nkhto}wja=
g!rfn6T\lotwimjs|dft
ν(M ) =
r γ + 1
γ − 1 arctan
r γ − 1
γ + 1 (M 2 − 1) − arctan √
M 2 − 1
l % o^=hjs|dft8xMB>n9}otYTJ[/zo>n