Wie lange ertragen Äpfel
zu wenig Sauerstoff ?
Dynamische CA-Lagerung
• Lagerbedingungen an physiologischen Zustand der Frucht anpassen (interaktiv)
• Maximal mögliche Bedingungen ausnützen (keine „Sicherheitsmarge“)
• Absenken O 2 bis zum „anaeroben
Kompensationspunkt“ (ACP), dann ständige
Anpassung der Lagerbedingungen
Dynamische CA-Lagerung
Intelligente Lagerung
Versuchsserien 1999/2000
Storage atmosphere before stepwise O
2reduction Regular atmosphere
(RA)
Low oxygen (LO) Oxygen level
(%)
Days Days
20.6 1 --
3.93 7 --
0.93 2 3
0.44 5 5
0.14 3 2
0 11 11
Influence of stepwise decreasing oxygen concentration on the respiration of Idared apples
Harvest: 22/9/00, previous storage: RA at 4°C, storage duration 1/6 months
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Days Gas production / consumption (mg/kg.h)
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24
Gas concentration (%)
Oxygen concentration in storage atmosphere
Oxygen consumption october 99
Carbon dioxide
production october 99
Oxygen consumption march 2000
Carbon dioxide
production march 2000
Influence of stepwise decreasing oxygen concentration on the respiration of Idared apples
Harvest: 22/9/00, previous storage: RA at 4°C, storage duration 1/6 months
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Days Gas production / consumption (mg/kg.h)
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24
Gas concentration (%)
Oxygen concentration in storage atmosphere
Oxygen consumption october 99
Carbon dioxide
production october 99
Oxygen consumption march 2000
Carbon dioxide
production march 2000
Influence of stepwise decreasing oxygen concentration on the respiration of Idared apples
Harvest: 22/9/00, previous storage: RA at 4°C, storage duration 1/6 months
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Days Gas production / consumption (mg/kg.h)
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24
Gas concentration (%)
Oxygen concentration in storage atmosphere
Oxygen consumption october 99
Carbon dioxide
production october 99
Oxygen consumption march 2000
Carbon dioxide production march 2000
Influence of immediate oxygen reduction to 0% on the respiration of Idared apples
Harvest: 22/9/99, previous storage: RA at 4°C, storage duration 1/6 months
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
0 5 10 15 Days 20 25 30 35
Gas production / conumption (mg/kg.h)
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
Gas concentration (%)
Oxygen comsumption october 1999
Carbon dioxide production october 1999
Oxygen consumption march 2000
Carbon dioxide production march 2000
Oxygen concentration
in storage atmosphere
CO2-production of individual Idared apples
(Harvest date 22/9/99, previous storage RA at 4°C, measured in march 00)
0.000 1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000 5.000 6.000 7.000 8.000 9.000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Days
CO2-production (mg/kg.h) Frucht 1
Frucht 2 Frucht 3 Frucht 4
Fruit out of RA storage at 4°C, year 1999/2000
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5
Oxygen level in test container (%) CO2 production (mg. kg-1. h-1 )
Harvest date 22/9/99, October 1999
Harvest date 22/9/99, March 2000
Harvest date 13/10/99 November 1999 Harvest date 13/10/99 April 2000
ACP Versuche 1999-2001
Storage
atmosphere
Storage duration
Harvest dates
1999 Harvest dates 2000
22 Sept. 13 Oct. 13 Sept. 4 Oct.
1-2 months 0.44 0.44 0.42 0.41 RA
5-7 months 0.93 0.94 0.96 0.91 3-5 months 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.45 LO
7-9 months 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.42
Werte für ACP (% O 2 ) (Lit.)
• Bartlett Birnen: 1.6% - 4.0%
• Cox Orange: 2.0 % - 0.41%
• Gala, Jonagold, Golden: 1.5%
• Elstar, Braeburn: 2.5%
• Idared: < 1.0%
• Elstar: 0.3%
Versuche 2000/2001
• Sauerstoffabsenkung in kleineren Stufen (21%, 4%, ab 1.0% in Schritten von 0.2%), jeweils 7 Tage Verweildauer
• Wiederanstieg auf 1% O 2 am Ende des
Versuches
ACP 2001/2002
ACP (% O2 based on CO2-production)
Temperature (°C) CO2-concentration (%) Sep 01 Feb 02 May 2002
Container 1-4 1.0 1.5 0.37 0.37 0.17
Container 5-8 1.0 4.0 0.37 0.25 0.17
Container 9-12 4.0 1.5 0.32 0.36 0.15
Container 13-16 4.0 4.0 0.36 0.36 0.16
ACP (% O2 based RQ)
Temperature (°C) CO2-concentration (%) Sep 01 Feb 02 May 02
Container 1-4 1.0 1.5 0.96 0.37 0.17
Container 5-8 1.0 4.0 0.16 0.74 0.18
Container 9-12 4.0 1.5 0.32 0.36 0.15
Container 13-16 4.0 4.0 0.36 0.36 0.16
Influence of stepwise oxygen reduction on evolution of volatiles (SPME Carboxen-PDMS) (trial september 2001)
(container 2 and 3: 1.5% CO2, 1°C, container 7 and 8: 4% CO2, 1°C, container 9 and 12: 1.5% CO2, 4°C, container 14 and 15: 4% CO2, 4°C)
0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 400000 450000 500000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
Days
Aerea counts
0 5 10 15 20 25
Oxygen concentration (%)
Container 2 Container 3 Container 7 Container 8 Container 9 Container 12 Container 14 Container15 Oxygen
concentration (%)
Production of selected volatiles of Idared apples during stepwise oxygen reduction
Trial september 2001 (container 2: 1.5% CO2, 1°C, container 7: 4% CO2, 1°C)
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
Days
Production of volatiles (microgr/L.h)
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
Acetaldehyde container 2 Ethanol container 2 Ethylacetate container 2 Acetaldehyde container 7 Ethanol container 7 Ethylacetate container 7 Oxygen concentration (%)
