• Keine Ergebnisse gefunden

The pressure of tourism on the Mediterranean coastline and beaches

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Aktie "The pressure of tourism on the Mediterranean coastline and beaches"

Copied!
29
0
0

Wird geladen.... (Jetzt Volltext ansehen)

Volltext

(1)

The pressure of tourism on the

Mediterranean coastline and beaches

Cirer-Costa, Joan Carles

Escuela Universitaria de Turismo de Ibiza

14 March 2015

Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/62843/

MPRA Paper No. 62843, posted 15 Mar 2015 00:06 UTC

(2)

!

! "

" ! !#$% &' &(

#$ #$

) *

+ ,

% "

-% . / 0

, 1 " +

2 + 0 / "

+ +

*

2

, 2

3

4 +

, +

5 *

(3)

&' ("

-# 3

)

, 6

. 7 &898 '(8:

; + +

+ 3 3

" / +

/ < +

6 -

/ + . 7 '=&(5 '==8:

+

" +

,

4 3 *

4 ,

, 0 )

+ + > ! "

0

) , + ,

7# &88?: :5

7@ '==8:

(4)

+ 3 !

" * "

3

* * 7A 3

'==&: + + 3

7 '==%:

" + + 3 +

7! '==(5

! &8$':

! 7

'=&(5 '=&': , 6

" + + B

+ 2 C + 2

4 +

, 2 6 -4 0

* D " >

D 4 *

* + + D

+ &&9

4

! "

+ !

! 4

+ +

4 + +

6

(5)

)' "*( + " #

C + +

2 +

+ + ! "

, ) &?=

+ + &&9 7 :

+ )

+ 4

89? ,

&6 9 9== 3

+

+ !

+ 4

1 0 ; "

+ !

" # +

) +

4

* + +

+

"

+ $ +

3 3 <

+ 2 +

+ 4 +

!

+ &&9

,

@ 3 " 7 * E * 3 '=&&5

'==?: ) " 7 F '=&(:

)

+

(6)

" +

) +

) 0 @ ! +

2 %%=

! ! +

+ 1 "

+ ! " ?8G +

+ " + + /

/ +

" + +

4

" % & ' " ( '

#

A B + 4

+ & 9((

7 :

*

7 H : C

+

3 +

+ +

+ 5 + + >

&$G ?$& 8?I

'=&'

4 !

! 4 3

+ ) * % * , , +

&8 === +

A + +++ 3 "

! " A +

'=&% 3 >

(7)

+ 3 '=&% 7 : 4 +

3 7 +

+ :

7 '=&% :

,' ( -(+ + " $ . "

#' &'B !

(8)

&&9 &= %%= %= >

> %&% ? 3 7C &:

, %%=

3 ,

" ! 3 > 1

& ? 3 +

+ ,

&&9 %'I !

! " * ) + + +

, " &&9

+ 2

" + +

* !

C GGI

3

+ &$I /

! 5 +

+ >

+ &

" + > / J !

! / , 2

+ 1 ,

>

> 2 C "

, + +

> 5 +

+

(9)

E K L <

% &

> !

I I # I

J ! 9( &== &==

(8 (= ?&

< %G 98 $%

1 &( $( 9G

> (= 9& 98

" * '8 9' 9G

'% (G ?'

C $ &$ &$

B )# !)#<) " %' ?$ GG

B >

" * C

) )

&&9 & 9(( + & G?$ +

8(I

! " ,

5

! " +

# C + ,

! "

&&9 @

! " + +

(10)

/' " 0 $

+*,* - .

+ H + ,

, +

) + 2 + + '

! , * + 2

+ 2 7 . : &&9

+ 6

&:

':

%: 3

(: 3

?: 1

G: ) 7 :

9: # 7 :

$: ) 7 :

8:

&=: H

&&:

&':

&%: & '

&(: %

&?: ( ?

&G: ) * 7 M :

&9:

&$:

&8: +

(11)

) + * + = &== +

< 4

+

6 7&G :

79=: 7%&: 5

+

0 >

+ + + 6

+ ,

+ +

7 = (: + +

7 ' 8:

' C ' % + +

*

!

% )

9%( 8? $$' 8' GG' % ??'

9&G 9' ?(? &%? 8'( $ %98

(& ? === 'G ?%9 ' &8%

&G9 &= &89 %$( (? ( 9$9

8%% &' (8$ (9' &=

B )# !)#<) " ' ?8& &8G &'' & &&& G9( &$ 8&&

(12)

+*/* - .

#' )' A

/ & ' *

/ % (

#' ,'

(13)

#' /' * *

#' 1' 1

5

(14)

! &G ,

7$ %I : *

C ( ? + *

* 2

" 3

+ )

+ '=I

&%I "

*

3 , *

+ + + ; +

> " &?I

+ +

'=I

% &? + +

"

+ &I

* 6

!

* 3 +

C C G + ,

+ + % 7?9I

: +

)

* 3 "

( ? 7 E

: + 7 L < E

C ! : + >

+ ' ?

(15)

7 + * :

+ !

7 :

, 2

, +

7 : B * G8

5 7) > : 9==

+

#' 2' +

7 * , :

1

* + + +

* +*0* % 1

+ ?$

' ? 3 * 5 ,

'% 3

(16)

+ +

5 0

+ , 7N '==':

) 3 +

+ + C 9

O) ,

3 + +

+ 7 P '==8 '=&&5 1 # '==(:

3 0

"

&$

C + >

+ +

<

5

+ +

(17)

#' 3' + > +

B 7< : +

&G? ; ' ?8 3 GG

7 3 : + G ===

, & =G?

O) , / / %'&

1 +

1' 0 $ 4 5 ( " " 0 $ " !

5 4 - '

! +

, 6

! 1 < ) '& (&9

/ &&I / 8 G 3

? 3 "

*

3 +

- , 0

. 7 '=&(:

(18)

( %=G '= &I Q +

2 6 +

'=I

?= /

3 '== 7 %:

% ,'

A >

+

72 :

A 7 :

1

) 7 :

* 2

= %% ( %=G % ( &%= %%

?= &88 %8 ( &8$ ' $ &=$ 'G

'== '$$ %= ( %%$ ' 8 &(? '9

'$8 ('? %& ( '99 % = &%$ '%

('G 9%9 %' ( '8$ % = &%( '9

B )# &G? '& (&9 % = &%= '9

4 2 + *

+

* * 2

2

+ + + 3 &I B

6

+ +

+ , >

* *

2 C G6

"

2 + ?=

9%9

(19)

5

+ ; +

6

C $ + &9 +

7 B: " +

2

+ +

#' 6' +

2 + 7 '=&% :

+ (( + +

( B

7 :

6 %= + )

R '== + 3 2

7 : 2 )

+ +

6 7 3 '==&:

(20)

% /'

< + 3O

+ 3 '=&%

/ ! ! 3 &

' >

E E 7R: )

" ((( =9? $ G8(

A 7 : 7 = %=' ' &9&

7 2 : = ='= ' $'&

% ; B &G? (%= ' $&?

% ; ! ! 3 &9% '(G ' $G8

( ; B %(= $'% % %'(

( ; ! ! 3 G98 %== ? 8??

) ?I

'S = 9?( ) > 'S = 9&( C S &$ 8'? 6 ((

+

7 T + : E +

@ B +

/ 3

+ +

C 8 ?

, C

2

+ 7 > ** :

) +

2 '=I

3

, +

+ + 3 3

(21)

#' 8' ! + 6

> 1 > O)

! " +

4 (

+ +

+

'==

% 1

A >

+

72 :

A 7 :

U A C

! ** I 2

= &= = 'G %G '?

?= &88 &G '9 %? 9$ ?(

'== '$$ & ( 9 &' $

'$$ ('? ( G ' &' $

('G 9%9 & ' % G (

B )# %' %8 9% &(( &==

(22)

2' (

3 &8%= +

> " * 7 '==( '==85 P '===: "

+ " &8?= &8G= + 2 3

+ +

* + + 3

+ !

+ + 7! '==$:5

) + +

/

+ + +

+

" &89= + +

! " + +

, +

7! '==$5 '==8: "

/ > / + 3 *

2 5 ,

,

4 + &8$=

+ +

, *

+

/ , + , /

+ *

6 , + +

+

! "

+ 4

+

(23)

+

2

+

@ ) 7 &8995 &88&:

"

+

3 +

2 + , 2

!

7@ 1 '=&%:

; +

7! 3 C '=&=5 3 '==G: "

/ / 5

3

! " " , * +

, , - *

* . 7C '==9:

) + !

+ + +

*

- +

+

V W

+ +

+ . 7A '=&=:

"

+ + 7 '=='5 '=&(:

+ 3 O +

/

(24)

2

+ , +

3 +

+ 7 '==85 '==': +

"

+

, + C ,

+ 7+

> :5

3 > +

+ ,

, + 3

+

+ , +

+ *

+ 2

+ + 3 +

C $ 6 >

+ + 3 +

*

3 * 7 '=&& '=&% 5 A 3

'==&: ) 7 N

'==&: +

7C N X '=&&: ! +

3

2 6 + + 7

:

+ , 6

+

(25)

! + 6

> * "

+ 5

+ +

+ +

+ )

3

+ + + 6

+ 3

+

+ 3 2

+ 3

5

+ 1 +

"

+ , 6 +

3' " (

! 2

0 )

6 * "

2 + ,

B 2

6

, +

2 3 +

+ +

; + 3 + Y

(26)

7Q &88=:

" 3 <

3

+ 0

* 6 +

+ +

+ > C +

+ 2

+ 3 +

C +

+ 4

+ , + 2 ,

5 + +

+ + 2

+ +

> ,

" + +

! , ,

+

!

" )+ + / , /

3

(27)

0 "

! < 7'==$: ) ; + 0 !

" 2 3 %?7(: 8== 8'%

! @ 7'==(: * " " - *

< + < #

! 3 C A 7'=&=:

3 %8 7&: &?? &9'

! 7&8$': < 6

- 4 G &G9 &$(

P 7'==8: ZA E 06 ! C

" 6 B 7< :

- 2 ) C 8& &=8

P 7'=&&: # "

2 3 %$ 7&: %&% %&G

4 N ) 7'==&: 6 ,

4 '' 8G8 8$$

7'==(: ) 5 6 7 8

A ! >

7'==8: 9 : A !

>

7'=&&: 8 8 6HH

H%%$??H&H )[ [%%$??

7'=&% : 3

' 4 . %% ((G (??

7'=&% : 2 . %

.* 6HH H(99=&H

7'=&(: , , !

&8G( '=&= ?G &$% '&=

7'==8: 9 :

8 *" ! 0< >

; < 7'==?: 2 .

. & 6 & (?

< ) ) '% '9H=$H'==?

(28)

. &=7(: (8? ?&$

A 3 ) 7'==&: C 6 )

. 99 7(: %(? %G%

C # N X 7'=&&:

4 . &' 7%: G=& G'G

C 7'==9: 2 . 1 + ! + 36

@ ) 1 ) # A 7'=&%: ) 6

, $G & &?

@ 7'==8: @ 6

. %%7(: ?'9 ?%(

N 7'==': 6 ) ;

1 > 4 . 2

' 7&: (8 9$

N 3 A @ 7'=&(:

6 3 "

+ 6 6HH , H&= &=$=H&%=%'8&9 '=&( 8%&'$$

N 1 + < , 7'==': +X

6 " . '' %?& %9(

# 1 7&88?: 2 "

P 7'===: < !

2 ) & &% '$

3 7'==&: < @ . 99 7(:

%'8 %((

< 7'==%: 2 8 7': &%% &(?

1 # # 7'==(: # 6 +X

9 ; GG '%% '%$

B 7'==8: 6 ;

; " 6 B 7< : - 2

) C 8& &=8

A @ 7&898: + " 2 3 G

7%: '(? '9'

7&899: ! ' 7?HG: ?'? ?(&

(29)

) 7'=&': . :

+ 6 6HH+++ , H H&=$=%H&=$'$'

! F C 7'=&(: " 0 ) 6

C 9 ; . %$ 'G %G

) 7'==8: " 6 <,

> 4 (7': ''? '(=

1 7'=&(: 6 4

. 6&= &=8%H> H =(=

) 7&88&: ! 6 ) 9

; '& &$8 '&=

3 7'==G: ) 4 3

(G7%: ?'8 ?(%

* E * 3 " 1 7'=&&:

) 6 @ 9 ;

88 ?$ G(

Q 7&88=: 2 2 6 9 2 - .

#

Referenzen

ÄHNLICHE DOKUMENTE

Thc evidcnce of this outflow channel was alrcady shown in cross section B tagether with thc shclf branch (Fig.. Unfortunatcly no individual hydro- graphic scction

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan beberapa kesimpulan: (i) pertumbuhan pariwisata (devisa pariwisata dan jumlah turis) dan nilai tukar memiliki hubungan kausalitas timbal balik,

Additionally, the impacts of information communication technologies (ICTs), such as the World Wide.. Web and e-tourism have changed the nature of tourism

Assuming that the increase of e- tourism sector depends on the increase in tourism demand and internet penetration, we examine the case of all Mediterranean EU member countries, and

The economic and financial relations between the EU and Greece will undergo two parallel developments: the completion of the formation of the single market with the full

Seña la ré es - pe cial men te los ecos de ges tos y con cep cio nes que arras tra mos des de la épo ca de la con quis ta y que aún se re pi ten, de ma ne ra in cons cien te, en mu

Ainsi, par exemple dans le cadre de la causalité entre fiscalité et effort d’investissement des opérateurs économiques dans le secteur du tourisme, la charte de l’investissement

What is interesting to comment is that the place of residence of the couples that were issued a divorce was predominantly urban versus couples residing in villages. The most