Munich Personal RePEc Archive
Role of small and medium enterprises in reducing unemployment in the GCC
countries
Elasrag, Hussein
December 2013
Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/54413/
MPRA Paper No. 54413, posted 16 Mar 2014 18:05 UTC
ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻓ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ ﻲﻓ
ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ
ﺝﺭﺴﻷﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥﻴﺴﺤ
،ﻯﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺙﺤﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭﺒ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﺭﻴﺩﻤ
:(ﺔﻠﺴﺍﺭﻤﻠﻝ) لﺯﻨﻤ ﻰﻀﺍﺭ ﺕﻴﻤ
13826 - ﺎﻬﻨﺒ - ﺔﻴﺒﻭﻴﻠﻘﻝﺍ - ﺭﺼﻤ
:لﻤﻋ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ - ﺱﻴﺴﻤﺭ ﻉﺭﺎﺸ ﺩﺍﺩﺘﻤﺍ -
ﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﺝﺍﺭﺒﺃ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺓ
- ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﻰﻨﺒﻤ -
ﺱﻤﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺒﻝﺍ -
ﻊﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ -
ﻡﻗﺭ ﺓﺭﺠﺤ 9
Mobile (00201116133766)
E.Mail:hossien159@gmail.com
Hossien159@yahoo.com
ﺭﺒﻤﺴﻴﺩ 2013
ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ ﻑﻘﻴ لﻴﻐﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺱﺃﺭ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ
ﻗﻸﻝ ﺭﺎﻁ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ
،ﺔﺒﻁﺎﻗ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻜ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﺘ ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤ
ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻠﻋﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ
،ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤﻓ
لﻴﻐﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍﻭ
ﻰﻓ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﻐﻠﺒ
ﺍﺩﺤ لﻌﺠﻴ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺭﻭﺤﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﻴﻝ ﻡﻋﺩ لﻴﻐﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﺽﻴﻔﺨﺘﻭ
ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻤﺴﻻﺍ ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍ لﻜﻝ
ﺩﻬﺠ ﻯﻭﻤﻨﺘ لﺎﺠﻤﻭ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘ ﻰﺒﺭﻋ ﻥﻻ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻤﺘ
ﻊﻴﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺘﺴﺍ ﻓ . ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺎ ﻰﻨﺎﻌﺘ
ﻭﺤﻨﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻻﺩﻌﻤ ﺭﺩﻘﺘ ﻰﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻰﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻔﺘﺭﺘﻭ،%24
%32 ﻰﻝﺍﻭﺤ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻅﺤﻼﻤﺒ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﺍﻭﻴ ﻯﺫﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﺯﻴﻭ.1
ﻥﻭﻴﻠﻤ 100 ﺏﺎﺒﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ
لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ ﻥﻭﻠﺨﺩﻴﺴ ﻰﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ لﻭﻠﺤﺒ
ﺔﺠﺎﺤ ﻙﺎﻨﻫﻭ 2020 ﻰﻝﺍﻭﺤ ﻕﻠﺨﻝ
ﻤ6 ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﻥﻴﻴﻼ
.ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺔﻝﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻯﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻌﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﻻ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻭ
ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﺍﺯﻨ ﺙﻭﺩﺤ ﻰﻓ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﻴ ﻥﺃﻭ ﺔﻤﺍﺩﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺯﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻥﺎﻓ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ .2
ﻡﺎـﻌﻝ ﺔـﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ لﻭﺩـﻝﺍ ﻰـﻓ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘـﺴﻻﺍ ﺥﺎـﻨﻤ ﺭﻴﺭﻘﺘ،ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻀﻝ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ 1
ﻭﻴﻨﻭﻴ، ﺕﻴﻭﻜﻝﺍ،2005 ﺹ،2006
78
ﺭﻴﺸﻴ 2
ﺭﻘﺘ ﺭﻴ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ
ﻲﻨﺎﻌﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﺍ ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤ ﺙﻴﺤ،ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ
ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ لﺩﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻷﺍ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺓﺩﺌﺎﺴﻝﺍ
ﻲﻓ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺨﻻﺍ
ﻥﻤ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺫﺇ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﻴ ﻰﻓ 14
ﺔﺌﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃﻭ ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻷﺍ
ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻠﻝ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻥﻴﺒ
،ﺏﺎﺒﺸﻝﺍ ﺫﺇ
ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﻴ ﺍﺫﻫ لﺩﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔـﺌﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻰـﻓ 25
ﺭﻴﺸﻴﻭ ﺭﻴﺭﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﺃ ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ
ﻥﻴﺒ ﺙﺎﻨﻹﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻰﻠﻋﻷﺍ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺭﻭﻜﺫﻝﺎﺒ ﺫﺇ ﺕﻐﻠﺒ ﻡﺎﻋ 2006
ﺔﻌﺒﺭﺃ ﻑﺎﻌﻀﺃ لﺩﻌﻤﻝﺍ
ﺭﻭﻜﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻲﻓ
ﺭﺼﻤ ﺔﺜﻼﺜﻭ ﻑﺎﻌﻀﺃ لﺩﻌﻤﻝﺍ
ﻥﻴﺒ ﺭﻭﻜﺫﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﻭـﺴ
ﻲﻔﻌﻀﻭ لﺩﻌﻤﻝﺍ
ﻥﻴﺒ ﺭﻭﻜﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻝ،ﻥﺩﺭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﻜﺘ
ﺔﻴﻭﺎﺴﺘﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ
ﻥﻴﺴﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﻥﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍﻭ
ﺱﻨﻭﺘﻭ ﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺭﻐ ﻊﻔﺘﺭﺘﻭ. ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ
ﻥﻴﻤﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻲﻓ
ﺔﻓﺎﻜ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺓﺩﺤ
ﻥﻴﺒ
،ﺙﺎﻨﻹﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﺘ 23 ﺔﺌﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻓ ﻲﻓ
ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻻﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻭ
ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﺎﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
لﻭﺩ
ﺞﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺸﻴﻭ.
ﺍﺫﻫ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ
ﻥﻴﺒ ﺭﺜﻜﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘ
ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ
ﻥﻴﺒ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺨﻤ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ
ﻱﻭﺘﺤﻤﻭ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻤﻭ
ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ
،ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨ ﺓﺭﻭﻁﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﻴﺘﺤﻻﺍﻭ ﻕﺍﻭﺴﻷ
لﻤﻌﻝﺍ
ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜ ﺀﺎﻘﺒﻭ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺕﺎﻬﺠﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﻘﻤﻝﺍ
لﻤﻌﻝ ﺙﺎﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻠﻋﺎﻓ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨ ﺔﺜﻝﺎﺜ ﺭﻴﺸﺘﻭ. ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ
ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﺃ ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ
ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﻴﻴﻤﻷﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻰﻨﺩﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺒﻝﺎﻏ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ
،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﻥﻴﺤ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺔﻌﻔﺘﺭﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ
ﺔﻠﻤﺤ ﺕﻼﻫﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﻭﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍﻭ
ﻎﻠﺒﺘﻝ ﺓﺭﺸﻋ ﻑﺎﻌﻀﺃ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﻭﺘـﺴﻤ
ﻥﻴـﺒ
ﻥﻴﻴﻤﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺼﻤ ﺔﺜﻼﺜﻭ ﺎﻬﻓﺎﻌﻀﺃ ﻲﻓ
ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﻤﺨﻭ
ﺎﻬﻓﺎﻌﻀﺃ ﻲﻓ
ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤ:ﻊﺠﺍﺭ .
لﻤﻌﻝﺍ
ﻥﻋ ﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘ ﻊﻤ ﺀﻭﺴ لﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﺯﻴﺴﻭ ﺭﻘﻔﻝﺍ ﻁﺨ ﺕﺤﺘ ﻥﻭﺸﻴﻌﻴ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻰﺒﺭﻋ ﻥﻭﻴﻠﻤ 73
ﻁﻭﻐﻀ لﻌﻔﺒ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ لﺨﺩ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤ ﺽﺎﻔﺨﻨﺍﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻓ ﺹﻠﻘﺘﻭ ﻰﻨﺎﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺠﻔﻨﻻﺍ
ﻰﻝﺍﻭﺤ ﻥﺍ ﻰﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺍ،ﻡﺨﻀﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻐﻝﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ %40
ﺍﺫﻫ ﺎﺜﻠﺜﻭ ﻥﻭﻴﻤﺍ ﺹﺨﺸ ﻥﻭﻴﻠﻤ 65
ﺀﺎﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻗﺭﻝﺍ .1
ﻥﻴﻠﻁﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﻁﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻋ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﺍ ﻊﻗﻭﺘﻴ ،ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺩﻨﺼ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘﻝ ﺎﹰﻘﻓﻭﻭ
ﻭﺤﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ -2
) ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻁﺍﻭﻤ ﻥﻴﻴﻼﻤ 3 –2010
(2015 ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﻜﺅﺘ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ ،2
ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ لﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻼﻝ ﺞﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﻤ ﻻﺇ ﺔﻫﺎﻓﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺸﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤﺒ ﺀﺎﻘﺘﺭﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺤﺎﺠﻨ ﻡﻏﺭﺒ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﺔﻠﻴﺼﺤ ﻤ ﻲﻓﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻠﺨ ﻥﻋ ﺕﺴﻋﺎﻘﺘ ﺩﻗ ﺎﻬﻨﺇ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﻷﺍ ﺏﺎﻌﻴﺘﺴﻻ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻥ
ﺔﻴﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻀﻌﻤ" ﻪﻨﻋ ﺽﺨﻤﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ؛لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﺍﻭﺴﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ
"
ﺓﺎﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺨﺁ ﻕﻓﻭ ﺕﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺢﺸﺭ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻫ ﺎﻤﻜ %10.5
ﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﻭﻌﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻓ %14
ﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﻹﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺩﺘ ﻥﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ %8
ﻲﻝﺍﻭﺤ ﻰﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﻴﻭﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ %6 %3
ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﺘ ﹰﺎﺤﺎﺤﻝﺇ ﺭﺜﻜﻷﺍ ﺔﻝﺄﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ﺔﻴﺎﻐﻠﻝ ﺔﻌﻔﺘﺭﻤ ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ .ﺭﻁﻗ ﻲﻓ ﻫﺭﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﺡﻭﺍﺭﺘﺘ ﻥﻤﻤ ﺏﺎﺒﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺓﺩﺌﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻡ
-19 ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤ ﻎﻠﺒﺘ ﺫﺇ ﺎﻤﺎﻋ 25
ﻲﻝﺍﻭﺤ ﻡﻬﻨﻴﺒ ،ﺔﻴﺩﻭﻌﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻲﻓ %30
،ﻥﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ %28 ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ %23
ﻲﻝﺍﻭﺤﻭ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ %24
ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻡﺎﻗﺭﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻯﺯﻐﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻗﺎﻔﻴﻭ .ﺕﻴﻭﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ %12
ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻴﻭﻁ ﺕﺍﺭﺘﻓ ﺍﻭﻀﻤﺍ ﺩﻗ ﺱﻠﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺎﺒﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﻠﻁﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ
"
ﺕﺘﺎﺒ ﻰﺘﺤ "ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ
ﻡﻫ ﻥﻴﻠﻁﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﻝﺎﻏ ﻥﺃ ﻭﻫ ﻩﺎﺒﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻲﻋﺭﺘﺴﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻥﺍ لﺒ ."ﺔﻨﻤﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺎﺒ" ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺎﻤ ﻪﺒﺸﺃ ﺔﻴﻭﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﻴﺭﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻤﻴﺴ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ لﻴﺼﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻴﻭﻁ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴ ﺍﻭﻀﻤﺍ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻤﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺨﻤ ﺔﻤﺌﻼﻤ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻥﻋ لﺅﺎﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻫﺅﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠ
ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤ ﺽﺎﻔﺨﻨﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘ ﻪﻠﻜ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺔﻠﺼﺤﻤﻭ .ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﺍﻭﺴﺃ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤ ﻊﻤ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ
ﺭﻴﺭﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺯﺠﻭﻤ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ
لﻭﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ
لﻴﻐﺸﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍﻭ
ﻲﻓ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ
ﻭﺤﻨ:ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴ
ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺁﻭ
،ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ،ﺔﻠﻋﺎﻓ 2008
، ﺹ 64
ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ، ﺍﻭﻜﺴﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﺸﻨ 1
/1 ،52 ﺭﻴﺎﻨﻴ 8 2007
:ﻲﻓ ﺡﺎﺘﻤ، ﻲﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ لﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﻁﻤﻨ،ﻰﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺴﺤ 2
http://studies.aljazeera.net/issues/2013/04/2013421104252798915.htm
ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺤﺍﺯﺘﻭ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ لﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻗﻭ ﺭﺠﻷﺍ ﺔﺼﻴﺨﺭ ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺠﺃ ﺔﻝﺎﻤﻌﻝ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ .1
ﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ
ﺔﻁﺴ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻰﻝﺇ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻓ ﺭﻴﻓﻭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺴﻴﺌﺭ ﺭﻭﺩﺒ
ﻲﻓ ﺭﺎﻌﺴﺄﺒ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﻊﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻓﻭﺘﺒ ﺎﻬﻤﺎﻴﻗﻭ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺏﻴﺼﻨﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻋﺩﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺩﻭﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺩﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺫ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﺨﻀ ﺔﺤﻴﺭﺸﻝ ﺩﻴﻝﺍ لﻭﺎﻨﺘﻤ ﻴﻐﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺠﺇﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﺘﺒﻻﺍﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﺭﻭﻬﻅ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻠﻜﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﺭﻴ
ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺡﻭﻤﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﺫ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺩﺍﻭﺭ .
ﻭﺤﻨ لﺜﻤﺘ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻓ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻡﻅﻌﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺇ ﻥﻤ %90
ﺎﻤـﻜ ،
ﻲﻝﺍﻭﺤﺒ ﺕﺎـﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﻬﺴﺘ ،ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ %46
ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ %40
- ﺹﺭﻓ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺇ ﻥﻤ %80 ،لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻠﻝ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﺒ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﺘﻭ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ
ﻭﺤﻨﺒ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﺘ لﺎﺜﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﺒﺴ ﻰﻠﻌﻓ ،%85
ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺇ ﻥﻤ %51
ﺏﻴﺘﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺍﺭﺘﻠﺠﻨﺇ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ
2. ﻭ ﻉﺎﻁﻗ ّلﺘﺤﻴ
ﻤﺘﻤ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﻝﻭﺃ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺓﺯﻴ
ﻲﻓ ﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻴﺠﻴﻠﺨ ﺔ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻓ ، لﺜﻤﺘ
ﻰﻓ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﻹﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ ﻪﺘﺒﺴﻨ ﺎﻤ
ﻭﺤﻨ ﻑﻅﻭﺘﻭ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺩﺩﻋ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺍ ﻥﻤ %90 ﻡﻏﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ %85
ﺤ لﻜﺸﺘ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻬﺴﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻝﺍﻭ
ﺞﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻁﻘﻓ %30
ﻲﻝﺍﻭﺤ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ لﻜﺸﺘ ﺔﻴﺩﻭﻌﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻓﻭ .ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ %93
ﻥﻤ
ﻭﺤﻨ ﺏﻋﻭﺘﺴﺘﻭ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺍ ﻥﻤ %27
ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤ لﺜﻤﺘ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻊﻤﻭ
ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﻻﺍ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ %33
ﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻭﻤﻨ ﻡﺠﺤﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻔﻴﻌﻀ ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻁﻘﻓ ﻱﺩﻭﻌ
ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻡﻬﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻊﻴﻭﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘﻭ ﻥﻋ لﻘﻴ ﻻ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﺜﻤﺘ.ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﻻﺍ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ %50
ﻲﻝﺍﻭﺤ %70
ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺇ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ﺔﻨﻁﻠﺴ
ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻋﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻨﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﺘﻭ
ﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻗ ﺓﺩﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻙﺎﻤﺴﻷﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻋﺍﺭﺯﻝﺍ
ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ .
ﺱﻠﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﺔﻴﻘﺒﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒﻭ لﺘﺤﺘ
ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ
1 https://www.gic.com.kw/ar/media,center/monthly,news/monthly, article/9/
ﻡﻗﺭ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻨﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺂﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍ ،ﻱﺭﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻫﻷﺍ ﻙﻨﺒﻝﺍ 2
ﺔﻨﺴﻝ 141
ﺹ ،ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ،ﻥﻭﺴﻤﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﻊﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻠﺠﻤﻝﺍ ،ﻊﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﺸﻨﻝﺍ ، 2004 .74
لﺜﻤﺘ ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ﺔﻨﻁﻠﺴﻭ ﻥﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻭ ، ﺭﻁﻗ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ ﻲﻔﻓ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ %92
ﻰﻝﺍ ﺕﻴﻭﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺽﻔﺨﻨﺘ .%78
1
ﺩﻬﻴﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻑ ﺭﻭﺩ
ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻓ
ﺔﺤﻓﺎﻜﻤ
ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻓ ﺞﻴﻠﺨ
ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﻫﺃﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ
ﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﻠﺨ
ﺡﺍﺭﺘﻗﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ لﻭﺎﺤﻴ ﺍﺭﻴﺨﺃﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﻪﺠﺍﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃﻭ ،
ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝ ﺭﻭﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺩﻋ ﻴﻅﻌﺘﻭ ﻡﺎﻬﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻴﻌﻔﺘﻭ
ﻡ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ لﻴﻐﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻠﺨﻭ
ﺹﺭﻓ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ
لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻝﺍ
ﻴﺠﻴﻠﺨ ﺔ.
ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃﻭ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ:ﻻﻭﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ
ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻰﻓ
ﺞﻴﻠﺨ
- ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ
ﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻰﻓ ﺞﻴﻠﺨ
ﻭﺤﻨ لﺜﻤﺘ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﻹﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺭﻴﺸﺘ %90
ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻡﻅﻌﻤ ﻰﻓ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺇ ﻥﻤ %40
- ﻥﻤ %80
لﻴﺒﺴ ﻰﻠﻌﻓ، لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻠﻝ ﻰﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻓ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﺒ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﺘﻭ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻓ ﻰﻝﺎﻤﺠﺇ ﻭﺤﻨﺒ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﺘ لﺎﺜﻤﻝﺍ ، %85
ﻰﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺎﻤﺠﺍ ﻥﻤ %51
ﺍﺭﺘﻠﺠﻨﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﻰﻓ ﺏﻴﺘﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻻﻭﻝﺍﻭ
2 ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻭ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻴﻭ .
ﺎﻬﻓﻭﺭﻅﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻷ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﻯﺭﺨﻷ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻋﻭ ﺕﺎﻨﻭﻜﻤ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻭ ﻊﻴﻨﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ لﺜﻤ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻨﻭ ﻯﺩﻤﻭ، ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﺜﻜﻝﺍﻭ ، ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ لﺒﻗ ﺔﻤﺌ
ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏﻭ لﺨﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻭﺠﻼﻝ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍﻭ ، ﺎﻬﻠﻴﻫﺎﺘ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻭ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ
ﺒﺨ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘ، لﻴﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺤ ﻥﺒ ﺯﻴﺯﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ1
ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ لﻭﺩ ﺓﺭ
ﺽﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ، ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺂﺸﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﻭﻌﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻘﺘﻠﻤﻝﺍ، ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ -
ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻝﺍ
،ﺔﻴﺩﻭﻌﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ -28
ﻭﻴﺎﻤ 29 ﺹ،2013
5
ﻡﻗﺭ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ لﻅ ﻰﻓ ﺭﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻨﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺂﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍ،ﻯﺭﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻫﻷﺍ ﻙﻨﺒﻝﺍ 2 ﺔﻨﺴﻝ 141
ﺭﺸﻨﻝﺍ، 2004 ﺹ، ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ،ﻥﻭﺴﻤﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﻊﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻠﺠﻤﻝﺍ، ﻊﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺓ 74
ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻴﻭ ﺎﻤﻜ . ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻭ ﺢﻤﻼﻤ ﺩﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻹﺍ ﺽﺍﺭﻏﻼﻝ ﻭﻫ لﻫﻭ ، ﻪﻨﻤ ﻑﺩﻬﻠﻝ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻻ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻭﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺽﺍﺭﻏﻼﻝ ﻡﺃ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤ
ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺽﺍﺭﻏﺃ 1
ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺕﻤﺎﻗ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﻴﺸﺘﻭ
ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﺒ ﻲﻓ ﹰﺎﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﹰﺎﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘ
ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺎﺒﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺕﻴﺭﺠﺃ ﹰﺍﺩﻠﺒ
ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ .2
ﻨﺒﻝﺎﻓ ﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻙ ﻰ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻠﻝ ﺎﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴ
ﻰﺘﺤ ﺎﻬﺒ لﻤﻌﻴ ﻰﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﺎﺒ ﻰﺘﺤ ﺕﺎﻌﻴﺒﻤﻝﺍﻭ لﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻰﻝﺎﻤﺠﺍﻭ لﻤﺎﻋ
ﺭﻻﻭﺩ ﻥﻭﻴﻠﻤ ﻭ.
ﻻ
ﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻙﻨﺒﻝﺎﻓ،ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ لﻭﺤ ﻕﺎﻔﺘﺍ ﺩﺠﻭﻴ ﻰ
ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴ
ﻰﺘﺤ ﺎﻬﺒ لﻤﻌﻴ ﻰﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﺎﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻠﻝ ﺎﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘ لﻤﺎﻋ 50
ﺕﺎﻌﻴﺒﻤﻝﺍﻭ لﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻰﻝﺎﻤﺠﺍﻭ
ﹰﺎـﺸﺎﻘﻨ ﺭﻴﺜﻴ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻨﺼﺘﻝ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻤﻭ ﺩﺤﻭﻤ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ لﺍﺯ ﺎﻤ 1
ﻴﻴﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺭ
لـﺤﺍﺭﻤ ﻑﻼﺘـﺨﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻤﺘﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻴﻴﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍﻭ
ﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﹰﺍﺭﻴﻐﺼ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻨ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺎﻓ ،ﻲ
.ﺔﻤﺩﻘﺘﻤ ﺔﻁـﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐـﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺕﻤﺎﻗ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﻴﺸﺘﻭ
ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺩﻭﺠﻭﺒ ﻲﻓ ﹰﺎﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﹰﺎﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘ 25
ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺕﻴﺭﺠﺃ ﹰﺍﺩﻠﺒ 25 ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺎﺒﺘ
ﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ .ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗ
ﺓﺭﻴﻐـﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎـﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻑـﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﺭﻴﻴﺎـﻌﻤ ﻉﻭﻨﺘﺘﻭ
لﺜﻤ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻠﻝ ﹰﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻝﺍ ،لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ،ﺔﻝﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺢـﻀﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﻴﻭ .ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺹﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻉﻭﻨ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻝﺍ ،ﺎﻬﺘﻗﺩﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﺜﻤ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﺓﺩﻋ ﺭﹼﻓﻭﺘ ،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻷﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻠﻜﻴﻬﻝﺍ
.ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻨﺎﺴﻤﻭ ﻡﻋﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺨﻭ ﺎﻬﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﺘﺴﺘﻭ
،ﺕﺎـﻌﻴﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻡـﺠﺤﻭ ،لﺎـﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ﻡﺠﺤﻭ ،ﺔﻝﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻫ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻜﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻨﻭ ﺭﺎـﻴﻌﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ، ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻨـﺼﻝﺍ ﻩﺫ
ﺩﺩـﻌﺒ ﺔـﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎـﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﺼﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﻬﺴﻝ ﹰﺎﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﻷﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﻴ ﺔﻝﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺎﻤﻷﺍ ،ﻊﺠﺍﺭ.لﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺍﺭﺯﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻐﻝ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ
ﺔـﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻼﺒﻠﻝ
ﻤ،ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﻴﺘﺤﺍﻭ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﻭﻤﺘ،
ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭ ﺹ ﺹ،
-3 4
ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺎﻤﻷﺍ 2
ﺔﻋﺍﺭﺯﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻐﻝ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﺔـﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻼﺒـﻠﻝ
لـﻴﻭﻤﺘ،
ﺔﻌـﺴﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺩـﻝﺍ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﻡﺩﻘﻤ ﺙﺤﺒ،ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﻴﺘﺤﺍﻭ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ ،ﻲﺒﻅ ﻭﺒﺃ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻼﺒﻠﻝ ﺔﻋﺍﺭﺯﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻏ ﺭﻤﺘﺅﻤﻝ ﻥﻴﺜﻼﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺎـﻤﻹﺍ
،ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ -2
(ﻭﻴﺎﻤ) ﺭﺎﻴﺃ 3 2007
ﻰﺘﺤ ﻰﺘﺤ ﺭﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍﻭ، ﺭﻻﻭﺩ ﻥﻭﻴﻠﻤ 3
ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﺠﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻴﺒﻤﻝﺍﻭ لﺎﻤﻋ 10
ﻰﺘﺤ ﺔﻴﻭﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﺘﺤ لﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻰﻝﺎﻤﺠﺍﻭ،ﺭﻻﻭﺩ ﻑﻝﺃ 100
ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ،ﺭﻻﻭﺩ ﻑﻻﺁ 10
ﻰﺘﺤ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﺘﺤ ﺕﺎﻌﻴﺒﻤﻝﺍﻭ لﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻰﻝﺎﻤﺠﺍﻭ لﻤﺎﻋ 300
ﺭﻻﻭﺩ ﻥﻭﻴﻠﻤ 10 1
ﻘﻓﻭﻭ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ . ﺎ
ﻙﻠﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺄﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻡﺘﻴ، ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻠﻝ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻤﻷﺍ ﺭﻤﺘﺅﻤ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤﻝ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺒ لﻤﻌﻴ ﻰﺘﻝﺍ -20
ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺒ لﻤﻌﻴ ﻰﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ،ﺩﺭﻓ 100 ﻰﻝﺍ 101
ﺩﺭﻓ 500
ﻰﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻫﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻓ ﻰﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻨﺼﺘ ﻡﺴﻗ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ،
ﺎﻬﺒ لﻤﻌﻴ ﻓ لﻤﺎﻋ 100
ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺒ لﻤﻌﻴ ﻰﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻓﻭ، لﻗﺄ ﻥﻤ لﻗﺃﻭ لﻤﺎﻋ 100
لﻤﺎﻋ 1000 2 . ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺎﻓﺭﻌﺘﻓ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﺄﺒ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ
ﻥﻤ لﻗﺃ ﺎﻬﺒ لﻤﻌﻴ ﻥﻴﺒﺎﻤ ﺎﻬﺒ لﻤﻌﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍﻭ لﺎﻤﻋ
ﻰﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻋ
ﻥﻋ ﺩﻴﺯﻴ ﺎﻤﻭ ، ﺩﻌﻴ
ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ
. ﺓ
ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﺘﻭ ﻰﻓ
ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﻹﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ ﻪﺘﺒﺴﻨ ﺎﻤ
%
ﻭﺤﻨ ﻑﻅﻭﺘﻭ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺩﺩﻋ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ %
ﻲﻝﺍﻭﺤ لﻜﺸﺘ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻬﺴﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ .ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻁﻘﻓ %
ﻰﻓﻭ
ﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺍﻭﺤ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ لﻜﺸﺘ ﺔﻴﺩﻭﻌﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴ
ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺍ ﻥﻤ %
ﻭﺤﻨ ﺏﻋﻭﺘﺴﺘﻭ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺍ ﻥﻤ %
ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤ لﺜﻤﺘ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻊﻤﻭ ﺞﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ
ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﻻﺍ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﻭﻌﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻭﻤﻨ ﻡﺠﺤﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻔﻴﻌﻀ ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻁﻘﻓ %
ﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻊﻴﻭﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻡﻬﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺎﺒ ﺔ
ﻥﻋ لﻘﻴ ﻻ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﺜﻤﺘ.ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﻻﺍ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺞﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ %
ﻲﻝﺍﻭﺤ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺇ ﻥﻤ %
ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ﺔﻨﻁﻠﺴ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻋﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻨﻁﻠﺴﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﺘﻭ
ﻲﻫﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻗ ﺓﺩﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺴﻷﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻋﺍﺭﺯﻝﺍ
ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻙ
1 Aygagari Meghana & Thorsten Beck and Asli Demirguc,Kunt, "Small and Medium Enterprises Across The Global: a New Database", World Bank Policy Research , Working Paper 3127 , August ,2003 pp 2,3
ﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ 2 ﻡﺎـﻌﻝ ﺔـﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ لﻭﺩـﻝﺍ ﻰـﻓ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘـﺴﻻﺍ ﺥﺎﻨﻤ ﺭﻴﺭﻘﺘ،ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻀﻝ ﺔﻴ
ﻭﻴﻨﻭﻴ، ﺕﻴﻭﻜﻝﺍ،2005 ﺹ،2006
75
:ﻲﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ لﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ،ﻲﺘﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺩﺍﺯﻭﻨ 3
ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻋ ﺔﻠﺠﻤ،ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﻭﻝﺍ www.ulum.nl
ﺩﺩـﻌﻝﺍ :ﺔﻌﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺴﻝﺍ
(ﺭﺒﻤﺘﺒﺴ) لﻭﻠﻴﺍ :30 2006
ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ .
ﺱﻠﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﺔﻴﻘﺒﻝ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒﻭ لﺘﺤﺘ
ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ
لﺜﻤﺘ ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ﺔﻨﻁﻠﺴﻭ ﻥﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻭ ، ﺭﻁﻗ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ ﻲﻔﻓ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ %
ﻰﻝﺍ ﺕﻴﻭﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺽﻔﺨﻨﺘ
1.%
-2 ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻭ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ
ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻓ
ﻝﺍ لﻭ ﻴﺠﻴﻠﺨ ﺔ :
ﻑﺼﺘﺘ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ
ﺎﻬﻠﻌﺠﺘﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺍﺯﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺎﺒ
لﻭﺩﻝ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻠﻝ ﺔﻤﺀﻼﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺞﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ
ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝ ﺔﻤﺀﻼﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ لﺒ
ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﺠﺇ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ،ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻨ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻜﺒﺎﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ :ﻲﺘﻵﺎﺒ
.1 ﻡﺩﺨﺘﺴﺘ ﻩﺫﻫ
ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﹰﻨﻭﻨﻓ
ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﺇ ﺔﻁﻴﺴﺒ ﺎﻴﺒﺴﻨ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﺎﺒ ﺔﻓﺎﺜﻜ
،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻤ
ﺩﻋﺎﺴﻴ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ
ﻲﻨﺎﻌﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﻓﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺩﻨﻭ ﺱﺃﺭ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤ
ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺩﺒﻜﺘ ﻑﻴﻝﺎﻜﺘ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﺴﺃﺭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻋ
.
.2 ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﻻﺎﺒ
ﻲﻓﺍﺭﻐﺠﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻤ
ﺎﺴﻴ ﺩﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻴﻠﻘﺘ ﺕﺎﺘﻭﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ
،ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ
ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ
،ﺔﻨﺯﺍﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺩﺨﻭ
ﻕﺍﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﻭﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ
ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻻ ﻱﺭﻐﺘ ﺕﺂﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍ
ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﹼﻁﻭﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺏﺭﻘﻝﺎﺒ
ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻭﺃ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﻌﻤ
.
.3 ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻌﻠﺴ
ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻭ ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻝ
ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ
لﺨﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ
ﻰﻌﺴﺘ
لﻭﺼﺤﻠﻝ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ
ﺭﺎﻌﺴﺄﺒ ﺭ
ﺔﺼﻴﺨ ﺎﻴﺒﺴﻨ ﻕﻔﺘﺘ ﻊﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺭﺩﻗ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺭﺸﻝﺍ
) ﻥﺇﻭ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ
ﺏﻠﻁﺘﻴ لﺯﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺀﻲﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻝﺍ
(.
.4 ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﺼﺭﻓ
ﺓﺩﻴﺩﻋ لﻤﻌﻠﻝ ﺽﻌﺒﻝ
،ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺼﺒﻭ
ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺙﺎﻨﻹﺍ
ﺏﺎﺒﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺤﺯﺎﻨﻝﺍﻭ
ﻥﻤ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﺭﻝﺍ
ﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻴﻠﻫﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ
ﻡﺎﻤﻀﻨﻼﻝ ﻰﻝﺇ
ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ
ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﻁﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﻉﺎ ﻡﹼﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ .
ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ لﻭﺩ ﺓﺭﺒﺨ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘ، لﻴﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺤ ﻥﺒ ﺯﻴﺯﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ1
ﺽﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ، ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺂﺸﻨﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﻭﻌﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻘﺘﻠﻤﻝﺍ، ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ -
ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻝﺍ
،ﺔﻴﺩﻭﻌﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ -28
ﻭﻴﺎﻤ 29
،2013 ﺹ 5
.5 ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺘﺒ
ﺕﺎﺠﺎﻴﺘﺤﺍ ﻕﺍﻭﺴﻷﺍ
ﻥﻤ ﻊﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﻤﻝﺍ
ﻲﺘﻝﺍ
ﻁﺒﺘﺭﺘ ﻕﺍﻭﺫﺄﺒ ﺕﻼﻴﻀﻔﺘﻭ ﻥﻴﻜﻠﻬﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ
ﺔﺠﺭﺩﺒ ﺭﺒﻜﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺂﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍ
،ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ
لﺎﺼﺘﻼﻝ
ﻲﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ
ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻬﺒﺎﺤﺼﺃ ﺀﻼﻤﻌﻝﺍﻭ
. ﻡﹺﻬﺴﹸﺘﺎﻤﻜ ﻲﻓ
ﻁﻴﺸﻨﺘ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﺜﻜ
لﻤﻌﻝﺍ .
.6 ﺘ ﺩﻌ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ
ﺓﺀﺎﻔﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺌﺒﻌﺘ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺨﺩﻤﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻭ
ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍ
،ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫﺒﻭ
ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﺍﺭﺩﺼﻤ
ﺎﻤﺎﻫ ﻥﻴﻭﻜﺘﻠﻝ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺴﺃﺭﻝﺍ
ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤﻠﻝﻭ
ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺭﺒﺘﺨﻤﻭ
ﺕﺎﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻨﺼﻭ
ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ .
.7 ﺏﻌﻠﺘ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ
ﺎﻤﺎﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻋﺩ ﺕﺂﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ
ﻥﻤ لﻼﺨ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﺠﺘﻨﻤ
ﺎﻫﺩﺍﺩﻤﺇﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﺯﻠﺘﺴﻤﺒ
،ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ
لﻼﺨ ﻊﻴﻨﺼﺘ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻨﻭﻜﻤ ﺀﺍﺭﺠﺇﻭ
ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ
ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻱﺯﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ
ﺎﻫﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘ ﺔﻁﺴﺍﻭﺒ ﻉﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ
ﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ .
ﻙﻝﺫﺒﻭ ﻡﹺﻬﺴﹸﺘ ﺕﺂﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ
ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﻋﺩﺘ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﻙﺒﺎﺸﺘﻝﺍ
ﻲﻋﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ
ﻲﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ .
.8 ﻡﹺﻬﺴﹸﺘ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎ
ﻲﻓ ﻊﻴﻭﻨﺘ لﻜﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ
لﻼﺨ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻁﺎﺸﻨ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ
،ﺔﻨﻴﺎﺒﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻤﻜ
ﺩﻋﺎﺴﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ لﻜﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﻲﻗﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ
لﻼﺨ ﻑﻴﻔﺨﺘ ﺓﺩﺤ ﺯﹼﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯﻭ
ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ
ﺕﺍﺩﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ
،ﺔﻴﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﹰﻠﻀﻓ
ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﻥﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻤ
ﺩﻋﺎﺴﻴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻴﻔﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ
ﺓﺩﺤ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻤﻌﻝﺍ
ﻲﻨﺍﺭ ﺭﻀﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺌﺍﺯﻝﺍ
ﻡﺼﺍﻭﻌﻝ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ
ﺎﻬﻨﺩﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ .
ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺞﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻰﻓ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﺍﻭﺘ ﻰﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ لﺎﻤﺠﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻭ : ﻰﻠﻴ
1- .لﻴﻭﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺔﻴﺩﻭﺩﺤﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺹﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺍﺫﺘﺠﺍﻭ لﻴﻭﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻭﻌﺼ
ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺘﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻭ
.ﺭﻴﺩﺼﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﻋﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘﻝ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻙﻠﺘ لﻴﻫﺄﺘ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﹰﻼﻀﻓ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇﻭ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻬﻤ ﺏﺎﺴﺘﻜﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤ
ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ لﻭﺩ ﺓﺭﺒﺨ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘ، لﻴﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺤ ﻥﺒ ﺯﻴﺯﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ1
ﺹ، ﻕﺒﺎﺴ ﻊﺠﺭﻤ، ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ 11
ﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﻀﻨﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﺍﻭﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﻁﻤ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺨﻤ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺭ
.ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩ ﺔﻜﺍﺭﺸ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﺎﻔﺘﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻊﻴﻗﻭﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻤﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺂﻀﻝ ﹰﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﺎﻫﺩﺍﺭﻴﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻓﻭﺘﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻤﻝﺍ .ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺭﺎﻌﺴﺃ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺎﻬﺒﻠﻁﺘﺘ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺭﺸﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﺒ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻡﺩﻋ .ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺎﺒ
.ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍﻭ لﺎﺼﺘﻻﺍ ﺔﺒﻭﻌﺼﻭ ﻑﻌﻀ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤـﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﻴﻬﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺭﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻁﻷﺍ لﺎﻤﻜﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺩﻋ .ﺱﻠﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﺔﻴﺒﻝﺎﻏ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻁﺒﺭ ﻑﻌﻀ ﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴ لﺜﻤ ﺎﻬﺤﺎﺠﻨ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﻌﻤﺒ .لﻴﻫﺄﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﻴﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺕ
ﺱﺎﻴﻗ ﺕﺍﺭﺸﺅﻤﻭ ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﺭﺸﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻗ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻭﻤﻨ ﻊﺒﺘﺘ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻭ ﺔﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﻊﻴﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ
.ﺎﻬﻝ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﻭﻭ
ﺎﺜ ﺜﻝ : ﺎ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻭ ﻕﺍﻭﺴﺃ
لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝ
ﺞﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ
ﻝﺇ ﺭﻅﻨﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻭ ﺭﺼﻤ لﺜﻤ ﺓﺩﻭﺩﺤﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻋ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒ ﻰﻓ ﺕﻤﻜﺤﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﻨﻤﺯﻤ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻜ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﻰ
.ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﻓﻭﺭﻅ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﺤ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﻰﺒﺭﺎﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺘﻻﺍ ﻥﻵﺍ ﺕﻠﻤﺸ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻝ . ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻰﻓ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺸﺘﻨﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻊﻗﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻜﻴ ﻡﻝﻭ ﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻠﻠﺴﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ .ﺓﺭﻓﻭﺒ ﻁﻔﻨﻠﻝ ﺔﺠﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻭﺩﺤﻤﻝ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺩﺒﻭ .ﺎﻬﺼﻴﻠﻘﺘ ﻁﻁﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻝﺎﺒ ﻕﻓﺩﺘﺘ ﺕﻜﻔﻨﺍ ﺎﻤ ﻰﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﺔﺘﻗﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺠﻬﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺘ ﻡﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻬﺘﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻘﺤ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻝﻭ ﻕﺩﺼﺘ ﺩﺎﻜﺘ ﻻ ﺔــــــﺒــﻴﺭﻏ ﻥﻴﻨﻁﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻓ ﻰﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ،ﺡﻭﻀﻭﺒ ﺯﺭﺒﺘ ﻻ ﻥﻴﻨﻁﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤ لﺍﺯﺘ ﺎﻤﻭ . ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒ
ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻓ ﺽﺭﺘﻔﻴ ﻻﻭ . ﺓﺩﻓﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺭﺒﻜﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝ ﻡﺩﻘﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ
ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻊﺒﺸﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻓ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻔﺸﻜﻨﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﺔﻠﻁﻌﺘﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺓﺩﻓﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﻰﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻴ ﻡﻝﻭ .ﺩﻭﺩﺤﻤ ﺭﺩﻘﺒ ﻻﺇ ،ﺩﻴﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘ ﻥﻋ ﺯﺠﻋﻭ ،ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ
ﻡﻝﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻩﺍﻭﺩﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺹﻠﻘﻴﻭ ﻪﻁﺎﺸﻨ ﻕﻴﻌﻴ ﻙﻝﺫﻓ ،ﻥﻴﻨﻁﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﻐﺸﺘ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺌﺴﻤ لﻤﺤﺘﻝ ﺄﻴﻬﻤ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ،ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻭﻤﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺼﺭﺤ ، ﺏﺠﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻁﺘﺴﺘ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﺘ ﺤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺤﺴﻨﻻ ﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘﺘ ﻁﻭﻐﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﺃﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻬﺸﺘ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻰﻓ ،ﻙﻝﺫ ﻡﺘﻴﻭ . ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻷﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﻭﻜ
ﻩﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺩﺎﺴ ﺭﺘﻭﺘ ﺭﺅﺒﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻤﺃ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺕﺭﻬﻅ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺍﺩﻴﺩﺸ ﺎﺒﻠﻘﺘ ﻁﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺌﺎﻋ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺩﻗﻭ . لﻌﻔﺘ لﺍﺯﺘﺎﻤﻭ ، ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺍﺭﺩﻗ ﺕﻓﺯﻨﺘﺴﺍ ﻰﻓ ﻡﻫﺎﺴ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﻪﻠﻜ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻓ ﺭﻭﺩ لﻴﻔﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﺩﻓﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺩﺎﺤ لﻤﻋ ﻡﻴﺴﻘﺘﻭ ،لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﺍﻭﺴﺃ ﺔﺌﺯﺠﺘ
ﺔﺴﻓﺎﻨﻤﺒ لﺒﺎﻘﻴ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﻰﻨﻁﻭﻝﺎﻓ ،ﺭﺒﻜﻷﺍ لﻋﺎﻔﻝﺍ ﻰﻫ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻭ ﻁﻭﺭﺸ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻭ .ﻰﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﺎﻜﺘﺴﺍ ﻯﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﻁﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ . ﻰﻨﺩﺃ لﻤﻋ ﻁﻭﺭﺸﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤﺒ ﺭﻴﺨﻷﺍ لﻭﺒﻘﻝ ،ﺩﻓﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺴﺭﺸ ﻨ ﻰﻨﺠ ﻪﻝﻭﺨﻴ ﺔﻨﻁﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺤ ﻥﺃ ﺽﺭﺘﻓﺍﻭ ﻰﻋﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ . ﺏﻀﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺏﻴﺼ
ﻭ لﻼﺨ ﺩﻭﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻘﻝﺍ
،ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍ
ﺕﺍﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ لﻭﺩ
ﺱﻠﺠﻤ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻝﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ
ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺠﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﻓﺍﻭﻝﺍ
ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻤﻨﻹﺍ
ﺩﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻤ ﻁﻭﻐﻀ ﺭﻭﻓ
ﺓ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ لﻅﻭ.
ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻋﺩﻴ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺔﺸﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ
ﺔﻌﻔﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ.
ﻪﻨﺃ ﻲﻓ لﻅ ﺯﺘﻝﺍ ﺍ ﺩﻴ ﻊﻴﺭﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﺩﺩﻋ ﻥﺎﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺏﺎﺒﺸﻝﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﻕﻠﺨ ﺹﺭﻓ لﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻁﺍﻭﻤﻝ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ
ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ
لﺜﻤﻴ ﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻊﻔﺘﺭﻴ لﺩﻌﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺩﺎﻘﻝﺍ
ﺎﻤ ﻡﻝ ﺭﻓﻭﺘﺘ ﺹﺭﻓ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ
ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺯﻤﻝ
ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﻨﻁﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ .
ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻙﺸ ﻻﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺃ
ﻥﺎﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺏﺎﺒﺸﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﺍﻭ ﻤ
ﺕﻻﺩﻌ
ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺴ ﻱﺩﺅﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﺍ ﻥﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻋ ﺩﺩﺠﻝﺍ
ﻲﻓ ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ
ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺒﻘﻤﻝﺍ
ﻡﻏﺭﻭ. ﻥﺃ ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤ ﻥﻴﻨﻁﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ
ﻲﻓ ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻻ لﺍﺯﺘ ﺔﻀﻔﺨﻨﻤ ﻲﻓ
ﺱﻠﺠﻤ
ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ )
لﺎﺠﺭﻠﻝ % 52 ﻭ
25 % ﺙﺎﻨﻺﻝ
ﻲﻓ ﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ
،( ﺍ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺕﺩﺯ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺍﺩﻤ
،ﻲﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ
لﺎﻤﺘﺤﺍ ﺙﻭﺩﺤ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ
ﻡﺎﻤﻀﻨﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﻁﺍﻭﻤ
ﻥﻤ ﻱﻭﺫ
ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺩﻝﺍ
،ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻻ ﺎﻤﻴﺴ
،ﺙﺎﻨﻹﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ
ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺍﺩﺎﻨﺘﺴﺍﻭ.
ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤ ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ
ﻲﻓ
ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍ
،ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻘﻓ
ﻭﻤﻨﺘ ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍ لﺩﻌﻤﺒ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺡﻭﺍﺭﺘﻴ
ﻥﻴﺒ ﻭ 3%
لﻜ 4%
،ﻡﺎﻋ ﻙﻝﺫﻝﻭ, ﻥﺈﻓ ﺍﺩﺩﻋ
ﺎﻴﻓﺎﻀﺇ ﺡﻭﺍﺭﺘﻴ ﻥﻴﺒ -1.2 ﻥﻭﻴﻠﻤ 1.6
ﻥﻁﺍﻭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ لﺨﺩﻴ ﺩﻗ ﻰﻝﺇ
ﻕﻭﺴ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ لﻭﻠﺤﺒ
ﻡﺎﻋ .2018 1
ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻴﻭ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ
ﺩﺤ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘ ﺔﻝﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ
،ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺠﻷﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ
ﺕﺭﻔﺴﺃ ﺩﻭﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺫﺒﻤﻝﺍ
ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯﻝ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘ ﻥﻴﻨﻁﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ
ﻲﻓ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ
ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺔﻁﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻰﺘﺤ
ﻥﻵﺍ ﻤﻌﻝﺎﻓ . ﺔﻝﺎ ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺠﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ
قو 1
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6
ﻊﻴﻤﺠ لﻭﺩ ﺱﻠﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺫﻭﺤﺘﺴﺘ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻥﻤ %80 ﻥﻤ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ
ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻏﺭﻝﺍ
ﻥﻤ ﺫﻴﻔﻨﺘ ﺹﺼﺤ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘﻝﺍ
ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻬﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﻥﻴﻨﻁﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ
ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ
ﺭﻭﺭﻤ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﻭ. لﺠﺴﹸﺘ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﺔﻝﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ
ﺩﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻀﺎ
ﻻﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻴﻭﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻋﻭ ﻁﻘﻓ ﻲﻓﻭ.
،لﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺩﻬﺸ
ﻥﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻭﺍ
ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﻭﻌﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ
ﻲﻓ
ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﺔﻝﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺠﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ.
،ﺭﻁﻗ ﻥﻤﻴﻬﺘ ﺔﻝﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺠﻷﺍ لﻤﺎﻜﻝﺎﺒ
ﺎﺒﻴﺭﻘﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ
،ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ
لﻅ ﻊﻀﻭﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺩﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﻤﻴﻭ.
ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘ ﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﻤﻌﻝ
ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺓﻭﻘﺒ
ﻭﺤﻨ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ
ﺏﺘﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ
لﺜﻤ ) ﻁﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻭﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﻝﺍ (
، ﻭ ﻻ لﻤﻌﻴ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ
ﺭﻭﺠﻷﺍ ﺔﻀﻔﺨﻨﻤﻝﺍ
لﺜﻤ ) ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭ ﺭﺓ لﻘﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻻﺇ( ﺩﺩﻋ لﻴﻠﻗ ﻥﻤ
ﻥﻴﻨﻁﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻤﻅﻌﻤﻭ
ﻲﻓ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﺸﻹﺍ
ﺭﺍ ﺔﻴﻓ
1.
ﺭﺩﺠﺘﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﻹﺍ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺞﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻁﻭﻝﺍ
ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ لﻤﺤﺘ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ
ﺩﺒﻻ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺫﺨﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺤ ﻥﺎﺒﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﻭ
لﻭﻠﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺎﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻡﻫﺃﻭ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻝﺍ :
.1 ﻲﻨﺩﺘ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ
ﻥﻴﻠﻁﺎﻌﻠﻝ ﻥﻋ
لﻤﻌﻝﺍ .
.2 ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺒﺸ .
.3 ﻑﻌﻀ ﺓﺭﺒﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻓﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ
ﻥﻴﻠﻁﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ
لﻤﻌﻝﺍ .
.4 ﺏﺎﻴﻏ ﺏﻴﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ
ﻪﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴﻝ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻴﻐﻝ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘﻝﺍ .
.5 ﺓﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ لﻴﻫﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺸﻠﻝ
- ﻥﺇ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ - ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤ ﻕﻭﺴ
.لﻤﻌﻝﺍ
.6 ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﺙﺎﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻌﻔﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ
ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ .
ﺭﺩﺼﺘﺘ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺼﺌﺎﺼﺨﺒ ﺓﺭﻭﻜﺫﻤﻝﺍ
ﻥﺫﺇ لﻜﺎﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ
ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﺍﻭﺘ ﺍﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻥﻤ ﺞﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ
ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﺔﻨﻫﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍﻭ
ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻭ
ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﻌﺸﺘﻤ
ﺩﺒﻻ ﻥﻤ لﻜﺸﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺭﻭﺤﻤ
ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻜﺤﻠﻝ ﻰﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ لﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ
ﺎﻤﻭﻤﻋ .
ﻭ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ ) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ (
ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻲﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ لﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﻨ
– ﺎﻬﻝﺩﻌﻤ ﻎﻠﺒﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ؛
ﻲﻁﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻋ %
.
) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ (4
ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻲﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ لﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﻨ –2003
2011
قو 1
ا و ا
،
ت إ
ق ا ا
! " #$او
%
&'() نو ا لو , '- ا
،! 01 ا D"1 ا
ص،E0 3 ا 10
ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ 2003
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
ﻥﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤ 7.17%
9.18%
8.82%
8.75%
8.33%
8.1%
8.31%
7.88%
7.7%
ﺕﻴﻭﻜﻝﺍ 1.28%
1.68%
1.89%
2%
2.02%
2.04%
2.2%
2.06%
2.1%
ﻥﺎﻤﻋ 9.34%
8.9%
8.81%
8.71%
8.53%
7.99%
8.97%
8.47%
8.52%
ﺭﻁﻗ 3.96%
0.93%
3.24%
0.76%
0.48%
0.49%
0.76%
0.68%
0.65%
ﺔﻴﺩﻭﻌﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻝﺍ 4.61%
4.09%
5.03%
6.25%
5.63%
5.74%
6.26%
6.43%
7.21%
ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﻹﺍ 2.76%
2.96%
3.12%
3.18%
3.2%
3.99%
4.25%
41368%
4.43%
ﻲﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ 4.35%
4.02%
4.68%
5.27%
4.82%
4.56%
4.9%
4.72%
5.21%
ﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﺼﺤﻹﺍ ﺭﻴﺭﻘﺘ :ﺭﺩﺼﻤ -
ﺔﻌﺒﻁﻝﺍ ،ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻼﻝ ﺞﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ،
ﺔﻴﺭﻬﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﺸﻨﻝﺍ -
لﻭﻠﻴﺃ/ﺭﺒﻤﺘﺒﺴ
ﺯﺠﻋ ﺩﻜﺅﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ،ﻥﻤﺯﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻘﻋ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯﻭ ﺔﺤﻭﺍﺭﻤ لﻭﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺝﻼﻋ ﻥﻋ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺤﻴﺤﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺀﺍﺭﺠﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﻭﻼﻋ ﻥﻫﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﻁﻤﻨ .ﺏﻝﺎﻐﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻅﻔﺤﺘﻤ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﻨﺘﺴﺘ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺄﺒ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻪﻴﻭﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺠﻭﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ .ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻭﻭ ﻥﻋ ﻥﻴﻠﻁﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﻁﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻋ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﺍ ﻊﻗﻭﺘﻴ ،ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺩﻨﺼ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘﻝ ﺎﹰﻘﻓ
ﻭﺤﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ -
) ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻁﺍﻭﻤ ﻥﻴﻴﻼﻤ –
1( ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﻜﺅﺘ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ ،
ﺔﻠﻴﺼﺤ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ لﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺴﻼﻝ ﺞﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﻤ ﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﺩﻗ ﺎﻬﻨﺇ ﻻﺇ ﺔﻫﺎﻓﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺸﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤﺒ ﺀﺎﻘﺘﺭﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺤﺎﺠﻨ ﻡﻏﺭﺒ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼ
ﺔﻝﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﻷﺍ ﺏﺎﻌﻴﺘﺴﻻ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻓﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﻠﺨ ﻥﻋ ﺕﺴﻋﺎﻘﺘ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻀﻌﻤ" ﻪﻨﻋ ﺽﺨﻤﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ؛لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﺍﻭﺴﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺢﺸﺭ
ﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﻪﻨﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺎﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺨﺁ ﻕﻓﻭ ﺕﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﺎ
ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﻭﻌﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻜ %
ﻲﻓ %
ﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﻹﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺩﺘ ﻥﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ %
ﻲﻝﺍﻭﺤ ﻰﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﻴﻭﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ % %
ﺔﻌﻔﺘﺭﻤ ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ .ﺭﻁﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﺘ ﹰﺎﺤﺎﺤﻝﺇ ﺭﺜﻜﻷﺍ ﺔﻝﺄﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ﺔﻴﺎﻐﻠﻝ
ﻥﻴﺒ ﻡﻫﺭﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﺡﻭﺍﺭﺘﺘ ﻥﻤﻤ ﺏﺎﺒﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺓﺩﺌﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ -
ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤ ﻎﻠﺒﺘ ﺫﺇ ﺎﻤﺎﻋ
ﻲﻝﺍﻭﺤ ﻡﻬﻨﻴﺒ ،ﺔﻴﺩﻭﻌﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻲﻓ %
،ﻥﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ % ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ %
ﻲﻝﺍﻭﺤﻭ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ %
ﻴﻭ .ﺕﻴﻭﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ % ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻡﺎﻗﺭﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻯﺯﻐﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻗﺎﻔ
ﺡﺎﺘﻤ، ﻲﺠﻴﻠﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ لﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﻁﻤﻨ،ﻰﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺴﺤ 1
:ﻲﻓ
http://studies.aljazeera.net/issues/2013/04/2013421104252798915.htm
ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻴﻭﻁ ﺕﺍﺭﺘﻓ ﺍﻭﻀﻤﺍ ﺩﻗ ﺱﻠﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺎﺒﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﻠﻁﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺘﺎﺒ ﻰﺘﺤ "ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ
ﻥﻤ ﻡﻫ ﻥﻴﻠﻁﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﻝﺎﻏ ﻥﺃ ﻭﻫ ﻩﺎﺒﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻲﻋﺭﺘﺴﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻥﺍ لﺒ ."ﺔﻨﻤﺯﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺎﺒ" ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺎﻤ ﻪﺒﺸﺃ ﺍ لﻴﺼﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻴﻭﻁ ﺕﺍﻭﻨﺴ ﺍﻭﻀﻤﺍ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻤﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﻴﺭﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻤﻴﺴ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝ
ﻊﻤ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺨﻤ ﺔﻤﺌﻼﻤ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻥﻋ لﺅﺎﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻫﺅﻤﻝﺍﻭ لﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺕﻻﺩﻌﻤ ﺽﺎﻔﺨﻨﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘ ﻪﻠﻜ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺔﻠﺼﺤﻤﻭ .ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﺍﻭﺴﺃ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤ ﻊﻤ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺤﺍﺯﺘﻭ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺱﻠﺠﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﻤﻌﻝ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ
ﺓﺭﺎﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻗﻭ ﺭﺠﻷﺍ ﺔﺼﻴﺨﺭ ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺠﺃ
ﺏﺴﺤﻭ ﺕﺎﻌﻗﻭﺘ
ﺭﺒﺨﻝ ﺍﺀ ﻕﻭﺩﻨﺼ ﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ
ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ) ﻡﻗﺭ لﻜﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﻜ (3
، ﻥﺈﻓ ﻑﺌﺎﻅﻭ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ
ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ
ﻑﻭﺴ ﻲﻁﻐﺘ ﺩﻗ ﺍﺭ ﺍﺩﻭﺩﺤﻤ ﻥﻤ
ﻥﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﻯﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﺈﻓ.
ﺕﻠﻅ
ﺔﺼﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﻁﺍﻭﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﻓ
ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﺨ ﺔﺘﺒﺎﺜ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻡﺘﻴﺴ،ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﺭﻴﻓﻭﺘ
ﻲﻝﺍﻭﺤ ﻑﻝﺃ600
ﺔﺼﺭﻓ لﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﺹﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﻁﺍﻭﻤﻠﻝ لﻭﻠﺤﺒ
ﻡﺎﻋ 2018 ﺘﻓﺎﺒ ﺭﺍ ﺽ ﻭﻤﻨ ﻲﻝﺎﻤﺠﺇ ﺞﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ
ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ
ﻲﻁﻔﻨﻝﺍ - ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭﺤﻨ ﻰﺸﺎﻤﺘﻴ ﻊﻤ ﻭﻴﺭﺎﻨﻴﺴﻝﺍ ( لﻜﺸﻝﺎﺒ ﺢﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ
- ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻝﺎﺒﻭ
،ﻥﻴﻨﻁﺍﻭﻤﻠﻝ ﻥﺈﻓ
ﺍﺫﻫ ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻝ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﻴ ﻑﺼﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺙﻠﹸﺜ ﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺩ ﻊﻗﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﺒﻴﺭﻘﺘ
ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ
ﻕﻭﺴ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺸﺘﻭ. ﺕﺎﻌﻗﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ
ﺙﻭﺩﺤ ﺹﻘﻨ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ
،ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ
ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺍ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ
ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻲﻓ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﺘﺤﻭ. ﺍﺫﺇ ﺭﻤﺘﺴﺍ ﻑﻴﻅﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺘﺭﻴﺘﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻨﻭﻵﺍ
ﻴﺨﻷﺍ ﺭ ﺓ،
ﺩﻘﻓ ﻊﻔﺘﺭﻴ لﺩﻌﻤ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ .2
لﻜﺸﻝﺍ ﻡﻗﺭ 3 ﺕﺎﻌﻗﻭﺘ: ﻕﻠﺨ ﺹﺭﻓ ﻝﺍ لﻤﻌ ﻥﻴﻨﻁﺍﻭﻤﻠﻝ -2012
2018
1 https://www.gic.com.kw/ar/media,center/monthly,news/monthly, article/9/
2
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6
ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻉﻭﻴﺸ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻕﻔﺘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺎﻜﻴ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ
ﹰﺎﻤﻭﻤﻋ
ﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﻠﺨ ﺎﻬﻤﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺹﻭﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ :1
-
1 ﺱﺃﺭﻭ ﺽﺭﻷﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻨﻌﻝ ﺔﻠﻤﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﺎﻔﻜ ﻡﺩﻋ ,
ﺍﻭ لﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻓﻭﺘ ﻪﻌﻤ ﺭﺫﻌﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻤﺘﺴﺘﻭ ﻕﻘﺤﺘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﺎﻜﺘﺒ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝ
.لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻀﺌﺎﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﺎﻁﻠﻝ ﺞﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻓ 2 لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻓ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺭﺫﻌﺘ , ﺙﻴﺤ
ﻑﺼﺘﺘ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﹰﺎﻤﻭﻤﻋ ﺔﻴﺠﺎﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ
ﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﺩﻗ ﻑﻌﻀ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺞﺘﻨﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﺎﻫﻭﻤﻨ ﺀﻁﺒﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺩﻭﺩﺤﻤﺒ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺽﺌﺎﻓ ﺏﺎﻌﻴﺘﺴﺃ ﻰ
.ﺔﻴﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻭﺃ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺀﻭﺠﻠﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﹰﺍﺭﻁﻀﻤ
:ﻊﺠﺍﺭ 1
ﻥﺎﻤﻠﺴ ﻕﺩﺎﺼ ﺀﺍﺩﻴﻏ
، ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤ ،ﺎﻬﺒﺎﺒﺴﺃ ،ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ" ﺭﻤﺘﺅﻤ،
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺭﺜﺃﻭ
ﺔﻨﺴ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﺤﺩ ﺩﻌﺴ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﺒ ﺩﻘﻌﻨﻤﻝﺍ "ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ 2006
ﺏﻴﻁﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﺍﻭﻝﺍ ،
ﺔﻔﻴﻁﻝ لﻭﻠﻬﺒ
، ﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ ـــ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻭ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ ... ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔ ﺭﻤﺘﺅـﻤ،
ﺎﺒﺴﺃ ،ﺔﻝﺎﻁﺒﻝﺍ"
ﺎﻬﺘﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤ ،ﺎﻬﺒ ﺭـﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﺤﺩ ﺩﻌﺴ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠﺒ ﺩﻘﻌﻨﻤﻝﺍ "ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺭﺜﺃﻭ
ﺔﻨﺴ 2006
