in food environments, thanks to farmers-market operators intentionally embedding multiple goals to positively impact local and agricultural economies, highlight land use for production and increase access to healthy foods for residents, including those most at-risk.
These measurable goals have resulted in positive economic outcomes for the businesses involved, information and access to healthy food for shoppers, and social capital impacts on the host area. To know whether farmers markets can continue to expand their effects on a larger set of outcomes for individual communities will require more support for those organizations to conduct pilots programmes and gather data. This would lead to more partnerships within and around food and civic systems to develop more far-reaching solutions and healthier communities.
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ABSTRACT
Amid rapidly transforming urban food environments, Asia’s cities are faced with the dilemma of ensuring food and nutrition security for their populations while also combatting food-safety concerns.
The current food environment in Hanoi, Viet Nam, only provides a minimal level of diet quality for the urban poor. Modernization policies aim to improve food safety by promoting the closure of open-air markets in favour of supermarkets and convenience stores. Traditional open-air markets are the urban population’s main source of food and ensure a healthy diet, but they do not offer formal food-safety guarantees. In contrast, modern retail outlets, such as supermarkets and convenience stores, provide foods with safety guarantees, but are not utilized by the urban poor for myriad reasons, including cultural shopping preferences, habits and convenience (hours of operation, formality, cost and perceived freshness).
Though designed to increase the consumption of safe foods in Hanoi, these modern outlets may also stimulate the consumption of unhealthy ultra-processed foods and reinforce food-access inequality. The continued closure of traditional open-air markets in favour of modern retail outlets may be jeopardizing the future diet quality of Hanoi’s urban poor. We recommend that food-safety policies embrace the existing diversity of local food retail systems and identify opportunities to improve food safety at open-air fresh food markets.