ANALYSING URBAN EQUITY PATTERN IN INDONESIAN PUBLIC SPACE
6.3. Urban Equity Comparison in the Indonesian Public Space
6.3.2. Indonesian Modern Public Space
Although the urban equity pattern in Alun-alun may be at risk in the near future, according to this research, there is no dilemma in the actual situation. It is appropriate with the Varna statement on Assessing the Publicness of Public Space: Toward a New Model (2011, p. 6): ‘Public space is deeply intertwined with the beliefs, traditions, experience, political view and what is generally understood as the culture of a particular society.’
105 the space. This right is given by the
design and the city park scale.
Sometimes, the territoriality of a massive activity excludes the
others user.
Right to Control There is control by the city government, police, users, and residents. Besides, the design acts
as a soft control.
● ● ● ●
Right to Access There is no barrier to external access because the area is strategically located. But, there is an effort to have internal access on
weekdays by crossing the arterial road. The right to access is different on the weekend and
weekdays.
• • • •
Inclusive Public Policies
Equitable Rules There are a lot of regulations and programmes to support the right
to the city, such as children-friendly, aging city. But, there is no
local wisdom related to the topic here.
• • • •
Determinant Board Mayor of Semarang City and Governor of Central Java Province
O O O O
Solid Institution City government, NGOs, private sector, investors, community groups, residents of Simpang Lima
area
• • • •
Spatial Equity & Facilities Management
Universal Facilities Different meaning from the Western standard. Parcelling depends on users’ needs. All the public spaces are full of users and
activities.
Different Access Management
Although there are ramps and special pavements for the blind, people adapt the access with their
wants and habits.
• • • •
● : High equity in public space
: Medium equity in public space
• : Low equity in public space O : No equity in public space Table by the author.
Figure 6.27. Urban Equity in Simpang Lima Semarang Diagram by the author
Residents have the right to use,
claim, and change, but
insufficient right to access, and
control (Carr, 1992).
There is no formal regulation and no local wisdom about
them. There are strong determining boards (Central Java Province and Semarang Municipality) with clear tasks and expenditure. (Forbes in
Gottdiener &Hutchinson, 2006; Carmona, 2013; WUF,
2015).
There is a basic universal design and it is a funded public space. There is dynamic development.
Funding is prioritized for physical development.
Simpang Lima is a contemporary public space
with maintenance as a never-ending process Women, Children, Elderly Persons, and Persons with Disabilities are the principal
users in Simpang Lima Semarang
There are heterogeneities users and activities. There is shared space among people. There are collective rights and collective
goods (Marcuse, 2009).
There is inclusiveness/spatial inclusion—shared space in public
space.
Challenge for the government and the community to keep ‘enduring Simpang Lima’: Not only focuses on
maintenance but also the annual calendar. The government should be decisive with the users and activities to prevent ‘insurgent public space’ in
future (Hou, 2010).
CO-EXISTENCE OF USERS AND ACTIVITIES
Users’ composition in Simpang Lima:
citizens/residents 40%, visitors 60%.
107 Figure 6.28. Space for Vulnerable People (Elderly, Children, Handicap) in Alun-alun Area Yogyakarta
Source of map: www.openstreetmap.org; Analysis by the author
8. Children as a King: HB IV (since 10 years old) and HB V (since 3 years old) 1. Elderly women in Sekaten
as red eggs (endog abang)
traders. 1
2. Polowijan courtiers path in Garebeg carnival.
3. Family included elderly and children Area in Sekaten
7. Children Friendly Kampong
7 6. Polowijan kampong as a
place for courtiers with handicap condition.
9. Elderly as abdi dalem keparakan who support ubarampe for Garebeg procession
10. South Kemandungan, a place for children to practice Mataram archery (jemparingan); a place for children to play
11. South Alun-alun: a place for elderly, children, different ability persons to join with special event;
place for school sport;
place for elderly and children who work as tourism workers.
11 6
2,3,4,5
4. Elderly worker as tourism agent and hawkers.
5. Place for children exhibition
8,9
10 12
12. Disabled school for children
Figure 6.29. Space for Women in Alun-alun Area Yogyakarta Source of map: www.openstreetmap.org; Analysis by the author 3. Gunungan Estri/Putri which means
women shaped like an inverted cone for GarebegFestival.
1. Women worker in Batik Factory in Kauman in 1911
4. Manggung and abdi dalem keparak bring regalia in Miyos Dalem
11. Princess wedding exhibition
6. Pagelaran: museum for showing role, event process of princess, and clothes of women in the Palace 7. Magangan: Place for abdi dalem keparak to prepare uba rampe, and women courtiers meet the Sultan in IdulFitri event.
15. Pasindenan: Name of singer kampong 16. Nyi Ageng Serang (1762-1855), the thinker of Javanese War
17. South Kemandungan: women activities in Mataram archery 18. South Alun-alun: women workers (street workers), mommies’ activities, women students
8. Keputren House: a place for princess
10. Tamansari: a place for princess bathing
9. Palace: a place for women and princess to support Javanese Culture like dancing training
19. South Alun-alun: place for women soldier to be trained in Era of HB II 20. Sasono Hinggil 2 Abad: a place for inauguration of Princess Mangkubumi as the next successor of HB X
5. North Alun-alun: a place for women workers in street vendor, Sekaten event,tourism activities and courtiers.
21. Kirab Mubeng Beteng in the night which are followed by all the courtiers included the women
1, 2 2. Muhamaddiyah women’s
activities (Aisiyah)
10
21 20
18,19 17
15
14 13
3, 4, 12 5,11
6
7,8,9,16
14. Ndalem Joyodipuran: place of the 1st Indonesian Women Conggres on 22 December 1928
13. Gudeg Center in Wijilan Street, a food business pioneered by women.
12. Ibu Ruswo Street, the name of woman who coordinated to provide food for the fighters and made her home a public kitchen.
109
1. Baiturrahman Mosque Area: a place for all Muslims included women, children, elderly, and handicap to pray.
2. Elementary school of Isriati: a place 1,2 for children to do school.
3. Sport center Tri Lomba Juang: place for women, children, elderly, and handicap, for doing sport.
4. Menteri Supeno Park: a place which are dedicated for women and children;
a place which declared “Children Friendly City of Semarang on 2012”, a place for declaring “Aging Cities of Semarang” on 2015; and teens’ sport activities as skate park and bikepark.
3
4
5 5 7 6
7
8
5. Car Free Day Area: a place for everybody included women, children, elderly, and handicap to do activities in Sunday Morning.
6. Pancasila Square, a large field for everybody to social gathering, doing city’s activities (ceremony, extension area of Iedul Fitri/Adha Pray), a place for children playground, teens sport, school sport, Sunday Morning activities, leisure center.
7. Hawkers centers in Simpang Lima Area.
8. Governance and education center for all the community of Semarang 9
9. YPAC school for disabled children 8
8
Figure 6.30. Place for Vulnerable Persons in Simpang Lima Area Semarang Source of map: www.openstreetmap.org; Analysis by the author