Part I - Challenges Backgrounder
Challenge 3: Floods and Droughts
“National Adaptation Programmes of Action to Climate Change: NAPA-Rwanda.” Ministry of Lands, Environment, Forestry, Water and Mines, Rwanda. December 2006.
http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/napa/rwa01e.pdf
“REMA: Rwanda State of Environment and Outlook.”
Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA).
2009. http://www.unep.org/pdf/rwanda_outlook.pdf
“Environmental Profile of Rwanda.” July 2006. http://www.
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“Economics of Climate Change in Rwanda.” Stockholm Environment Institute. 2009. http://www.rema.gov.rw/ccr/
Rwanda%20final.pdf
“National Adaptation Programmes of Action to Climate Change: NAPA-Burundi.” Ministry for Land Management, Tourism and Environment, Burundi. January 2007. http://
unfccc.int/resource/docs/napa/bdi01e.pdf
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“Burundi - 2008-2011 Country Strategy Paper.” African Development Bank Group. September 2008. http://www.
afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-and- Operations/ADB-BD-WP-2008-163-EN-BURUNDI-2008-2011-COUNTRY-STRATEGY-PAPER.PDF
“Burundi: the lakes are disappearing.” Case Study on Climate Change - Eastern Africa Zone, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. 2007.
http://www.climatecentre.org/downloads/File/reports/
Case%20Burundi.pdf
“National Adaptation Programmes of Action to Climate Change: NAPA-Tanzania.” January 2007. http://unfccc.int/
resource/docs/napa/tza01.pdf
Stacey, Noel. “The Economics of Climate Change: Tanzania, Water Resources.” Stockholm Environment Institute and Institute of Resource Assessment. http://www.economics-of-cc-intanzania.org/images/Water_resources_final_.pdf
“Tanzania: Drought.” International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. 24 April 2006. http://www.ifrc.
org/docs/appeals/06/MDRTZ00101.pdf
“Water Sector Status Report, Tanzania.” Tanzania Ministry of Water and Irrigation. 2010.
“The Economics of Climate Change in the United Republic of Tanzania.” January 2011. http://www.economics-of-cc-in-tanzania.org/images/Final_report_launch_vs_3.pdf
“Economics of Climate Change: Kenya.” Stockholm Environment Institute, Project Report - 2009. 1 December 2009. http://www.sei-international.org/mediamanager/
documents/Publications/Climate-mitigation-adaptation/
kenya-climatechange.pdf
“Country Situation Analysis 2009.” Government of Kenya.
2009.
“Kenya: Atlas of our Changing Environment.” United Nations Environment Programme. 2009. http://www.unep.
org/dewa/africa/kenyaatlas/PDF/KenyaAtlas_Pre-Challenge 1.pdf
“Kenya National Water Development Report.” UN World Water Assessment Programme. 2006. http://unesdoc.
unesco.org/images/0014/001488/148866e.pdf
“Kenya Natural Disaster Profile.” United Nations Development Programme Enhanced Security Unit. http://
mirror.undp.org/kenya/KenyaDisasterProfile.pdf
“National Adaptation Programmes of Action to Climate Change: NAPA-Uganda.” 2007. http://unfccc.int/resource/
docs/napa/uga01.pdf
“State of Environment Report for Uganda.” National Environment Management Authority. 2008.
Hepworth, Nick. “Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation Preparedness in Uganda.” Heinrich Böll Stiftung, East and Horn of Africa. 2010. http://www.boell.
or.ke/downloads/Uganda_Climate_Change_Adaptation_
Preparedness.pdf
“Review and Analysis of Existing Drought Risk Reduction Policies and Programmes in Uganda: National Report on Drought Risk Reduction Policies and Programmes.”
Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry & Fisheries, Office of the Prime Minister and Department of Disaster Preparedness and Refugees, Uganda.
February 2008. http://www.unisdr.org/files/8160_
UgandaDroughtRiskReductionPolicyAnalyticalReport.pdf Barihaihi, Margaret. “Country Level Literature Review:
Uganda.” Africa Climate Change Resilience Alliance (ACCRA).
March 2010. http://community.eldis.org/.59dc8e0d
“Uganda Climate Change Factsheet.” Network of International Development Organisations in Scotland (NIDOS). July 2009. http://www.nidos.org.uk/downloads/
UgandaFactsheet.pdf
Mabasi, Thadeus. “Assessing the Impacts, Vulnerability, Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change in Kampala City.” The World Bank - Fifth Urban Research Symposium. 2009. http://siteresources.worldbank.
org/INTURBANDEVELOPMENT/Resources/ 336387-1256566800920/6505269-1268260567624/Mabasi.pdf
“Uganda National Water Development Report” UN World Water Assessment Report. 2006. http://unesdoc.unesco.
org/images/0014/001467/146760e.pdf
“National Adaptation Programmes of Action to Climate Change: NAPA-Sudan.” Ministry of Environment and Physical Development, Sudan. July 2007. http://unfccc.int/
resource/docs/napa/sdn01.pdf
138 Sources
“Sudan: Post-Conflict Environmental Assessment.”
United Nations Environmental Programme. June 2007.
http://postconflict.unep.ch/publications/UNEP_Sudan_
synthesis_E.pdf
Dr. Abbadi, Karrar AB., and Dr. Adam E. Ahmed. “Brief Overview of Sudan Economy and Future Prospects for Agricultural Development.” The World Food Programme:
Khartoum Food Aid Forum. 6-8 June 2006. http://
postconflict.unep.ch/sudanreport/sudan_website/
doccatcher/data/documents/Brief%20overview%20of%20 sudan%20economy%20and%20future%20prospects%20 for%20agricultural%20development.pdf
“African Review Report on Drought & Desertification.”
United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation, Economic Commission for Africa. November 2007. http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/csd/csd16/rim/eca_
bg3.pdf
Zakieldeen, Sumaya A. “Adaptation to Climate Change: A Vulnerability Assessment for Sudan.” The International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED).
November 2009. http://www.acts.or.ke/institute/docs/
climate_sudan.pdf
“Climate Change National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) of Ethiopia.” Ministry of Water Resources and National Meteorological Agency, Ethiopia. June 2007.
http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/napa/eth01.pdf
“Ethiopia Climate Risk Factsheet Draft.” The World Bank.
2007. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTAFRICA/
Resources/Ethiopia_Country_Note.pdf
“Ethiopia: Drought.” International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. 26 April 2006. http://www.ifrc.
org/docs/appeals/06/MDRET00101.pdf
Hawando, Tamirie. “Desertification in Ethiopian Highlands.”
RALA Report No. 200, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. http://www.
rala.is/rade/ralareport/Hawando.pdf
Awulachew, Seleshi B., Yilma, Aster D., Loulseged, Makonnen, Loiskandl, Willibald, Ayana, Mekonnen and Tena Alamirew. “Water Resources and Irrigation Development in Ethiopia.” International Water Management Institute. 2007.
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/publications/Working_Papers/
working/WP123.pdf
“Irrigation and Water for Sustainable Development.”
Ethiopia National Irrigation Steering Committee - Proceedings of the Second Forum, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
15-16 December 2008. http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/
Publications/Other/PDF/Irrigation_&_Water_for_
Sustainable_Development-Booklet_of_Abstracts.pdf
“The Cost of Adapting to Climate Change in Ethiopia:
Sector-wise and Macro-Economic Estimates.” 18th Meeting of the European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists (EAERE), Rome. 29 June-2nd July 2011. http://
www.webmeets.com/files/papers/EAERE/2011/1435/
Ethiopia%20EAERE%20Paper%20Feb%201st%202010.pdf
“The National Environnemental Action Plan of Egypt 2002/17.” Environment at the Center of Modernizing Egypt.
25 December 2001. http://www.eeaa.gov.eg/english/
reports/neap/Neap_Eng-last.pdf Warning Systems Network. July- December 2010. http://
pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADS898.pdf
“Africa Environment Outlook: Past, present and future perspectives.” United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). http://www.unep.org/dewa/Africa/publications/
AEO-1/index.htm
“EM-DAT: The International Disaster Database.” Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters – CRED. http://
www.emdat.be/country-profile
Sources for Graphics
Damage by Floods in the Nile Basin Countries (1900-2012)
“EM-DAT: The International Disaster Database.” Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters – CRED. http://
www.emdat.be/country-profile
Damage by Droughts in the Nile River Countries (1900-2012)
“EM-DAT: The International Disaster Database.” Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters – CRED. http://
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www.emdat.be/country-profile
Risk Profile of the Nile River Basin Countries to Floods “Global Assessment Report 2009.” Prevention Web, United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction Secretariat (UNISDR). http://www.preventionweb.net/
english/countries/africa/