Part I - Challenges Backgrounder
Challenge 9: Energy Aspirations
“The Potential of Regional Power Sector Integration. Nile Basin Initiative (NBI): Transmission & Trading Case Study.”
Economic Consulting Associations Limited, United Kingdom.
September 2009. http://www.esmap.org/esmap/sites/
esmap.org/files/BN004-10_REISP-CD_Nile%20Basin%20 Observer. 26 July 2012. http://www.observer.ug/index.
php?option=com_content&view=article&id=20047:-ugandas-crude-oil-to-be-exported&catid=79:businesstopst ories&Itemid=68
Gismatullin, Eduard. “Tullow to accelerate Kenya exploration after first oil discovery.” Bloomberg. 4 July 2012.
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-07-04/tullow-to-accelerate-kenya-exploration-after-first-oil-discovery.html Kahare, Peter. “Innovation and Diversification are key for Kenya’s Renewable Energy Industry.” Renewable Energy World. February 2012. http://www.renewableenergyworld.
com/rea/news/article/2012/02/innovation-and- diversification-are-key-for-kenyas-renewable-energy-industry
“Ethiopia: Study Reveals Country’s Wind Power Potential Generates Over 1 Million Mw of Electricity.” All Africa. 18
Capital Ethiopia: The paper that promotes free enterprise.
9 January 2012. http://www.capitalethiopia.com/index.
php?option=com_content&view=article&id=296:sudan-to-be-on-ethiopias-grid&catid=54:news&Itemid=27
“Egypt: Country to Ink Power Project with Six Countries.”
All Africa. 3 January 2012. http://allafrica.com/
stories/201201031560.html
Ke, Zhang. “Ecological destruction? Chinese Loan for Ethiopian Dam Draws Controversy.” Pambazuka, Issue 448.
1 July 2010. http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/
africa_china/65601
GDP and FDI statistics. Econ Stats. Economy Watch. http://
www.economywatch.com/economic-statistics/economic-indicators/
Muchira, John. “Chinese Involvement in African Hydropower Sector.” Engineering News, South Africa. 30 September 2011. http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/
article/chinese-involvement-in-african-hydropower-sector-2011-09-30
Hackley, Randall and Lauren van der Westhuizen. “Africa’s Friend China Finances USD 9.3 billion of Hydropower.”
Bloomberg. 9 September 2011. http://www.bloomberg.
com/news/2011-09-09/africa-s-new-friend-china-finances-9-3-billion-of-hydropower.html
Mutch, Thembi. “Oil and Gas in East Africa.” New Africa Analysis: Monthly News and analysis on Progressive Africa. April 2012. http://newafricaanalysis.co.uk/index.
php/2012/04/oil-and-gas-in-east-africa/
“South Sudan gets USD 8 billion Infrastructure Loan from China Amid Tension with Sudan Over Land Oil.” Washington Post. 28 April 2012. http://www.washingtonpost.com/
Blue Peace for the Nile 147
world/middle_east/south-sudan-gets-8bn-infrastructure- loan-from-china-amid-tension-with-sudan-over-land-oil/2012/04/28/gIQA9Y6bnT_story.html
“China’s Overseas Investments in Oil and Gas Production.”
Prepared for the US-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Eurasia Group. 16 October 2006. http://www.
uscc.gov/researchpapers/2006/oil_gas.pdf
Mesfin, Mahlet. “Ethiopia: Chinese Firm Eyes Gas Export from Calub till Berbera.” All Africa. 25 July 2011. http://
allafrica.com/stories/201107270752.html
“Somaliland in Port Deal with China Businessman.”
Reuters. 15 August, 2011. http://af.reuters.com/article/
ethiopiaNews/idAFL5E7JJ06G20110819
Ng’wanakilala, Fumbuka. “Orca’s Tanzania Unit to Double Gas Production.” Reuters. 6 November 2011. http://
www.reuters.com/article/2011/11/06/orca-tanzania-idUSL6E7M603G20111106
Muchira, John. “Uganda Hydropower Plant.” Engineering News, South Africa. 10 February, 2012. http://www.
engineeringnews.co.za/article/uganda-hydropower-plant-2012-02-10
“Kenya energy, First quarterly 2012.” Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation, Netherlands. 20 January 2012. http://www.agentschapnl.nl/onderwerp/kenia-energie-kwartaal-i-2012
Kipsang, Wycliff. “Kenya: Kabernet finally picking up after years in the doldrums.” All Africa. 29 November 2011.
http://allafrica.com/stories/201111290045.html
Sadek, Nahla. “River Nile Forecasting and its Effect on National Projects Implementation.” Nile Research Institute, Egypt, for the Tenth International Water Technology Conference IWTC10, Alexandria, Egypt. 2006. http://www.
iwtc.info/2006_pdf/01-5.pdf
“Temporary relief for East Africa’s Drought Struck Hydropower Plants.” Quoted from PEI Magazine. Aggreko.
May 2010 http://www.aggreko.com/interim-power-plants/
back-up-power/
Makoye, Kizito. “Drought Worsens Power Crisis in Tanzania.” Quoting Alertnet. Trust.org. 22 September 2011.
Biryabarema, Elias. “Uganda Electricity Drops over Hydropower Supply Fall.” Reuters. 9 September 2011. http://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/
“Aswan Dam, Aswan Egypt.” Egypt Uncovered. www.egypt-uncovered.com/guide/egypt/aswan_dam.php
“On Avenues for greater cooperation over the Nile:
Reflections on the roles of the Nile Tripartite Technical Committee.” Press and Media Services. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ethiopia. http://www.mfa.gov.et/pressMore.
php?pg=37
Gibe III Hydroelectric Project, Official Site. www.gibe3.com.
et
“Independent Review of the Environmental Impact Assessment for the Merowe Dam Project (Nile River, Sudan).” Eawag Aquatic Research, Switzerland. 23 March 2006. http://www.eawag.ch/medien/bulletin/
archiv/2006/20060323/Independent-Review-20060323-Short.pdf
“Dams Over Troubled Waters: Mekong River.” Mouth to
148 Sources
Source. 28 May 2011. http://mouthtosource.org/rivers/
mekong/2011/05/28/dams-over-troubled-waters/
Diab, Khaled. “Hope for the Egyptian Nubians Damned by the Dam.” The Guardian, United Kingdom. 21 April 2011.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/apr/21/
egypt-nubians-dam?newsfeed=true
Sources for Graphics
Peak Demand Forecast
Nile Basin Initiative, Regional Power Trade Project, Comprehensive Basin Wide Study. First Draft Report, December 2011. http://rpt.nilebasin.org/index.
php?option=com_remository&Itemid=113
Access to Electricity
Nile Basin Initiative, Regional Power Trade Project, Comprehensive Basin Wide Study. First Draft Report, December 2011. http://rpt.nilebasin.org/index.
php?option=com_remository&Itemid=113
Energy Supply Options
“The Potential of Regional Power Sector Integration. Nile Basin Initiative (NBI): Transmission & Trading Case Study.”
Economic Consulting Associations Limited, United Kingdom.
September 2009. http://www.esmap.org/esmap/sites/
esmap.org/files/BN004-10_REISP-CD_Nile%20Basin%20 Initiative-Transmission%20%26%20Trading.pdf
Nile Basin Initiative, Regional Power Trade Project, Comprehensive Basin Wide Study. First Draft Report, December 2011. http://rpt.nilebasin.org/index.
php?option=com_remository&Itemid=113
“Tullow to accelerate Kenya exploration after first oil discovery.” Bloomberg. 4 July, 2012. http://www.
“Innovation and diversification are key for Kenya’s Renewable Energy Industry.” Renewable Energy World.
February 2012. http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/
rea/news/article/2012/02/innovation-and-diversification-are-key-for-kenyas-renewable-energy-industry
“Hydro China Corporation Study of Wind and solar potential in Ethiopia.” allafrica.com/stories/201204190689.html
Current and Future Hydro Power Production (Till 2040) Current Capacity from various sources, Planned Future Capacity from Nile Basin Initiative, Regional Power Trade Project, Comprehensive Basin Wide Study.
First Draft Report, December 2010, Pages 150-159.
http://rpt.nilebasin.org /index.php?option=com_
remository&Itemid=113
Total Future Cost of Hydro Power Projects
Nile Basin Initiative, Regional Power Trade Project, Comprehensive Basin Wide Study. First Draft Report, December 2010, Pages 150-159. http://rpt.nilebasin.
org/index.php?option=com_remository&Itemid=113
Total Expenditure by Country
Country Statistics. Economy Watch. http://www.
economywatch.com/economic-statistics/economic-indicators/
Foreign Direct Investment
Country Profiles. Index Mundi. http://www.indexmundi.
com/facts/
Chinese Hydro Power Projects
“China’s overseas investments in oil and gas production.”
Prepared for the US-China Economic and Security Review Commission. Eurasia Group. 16 October, 2006. http://www.
uscc.gov/researchpapers/2006/oil_gas.pdf
GDP and FDI statistics. Econ Stats. Economy Watch. http://
www.economywatch.com/economic-statistics/economic-indicators/
“Chinese involvement in African Hydropower sector.”
Engineering News, South Africa. 30 September, 2011.
http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/chinese-involvement-in-african-hydropower-sector-2011-09-30
Blue Peace for the Nile 149
Africa’s friend China finances USD 9.3 billion of hydropower.” Bloomberg. 9 September, 2011. http://www.
bloomberg.com/news/2011-09-09/africa-s-new-friend-china-finances-9-3-billion-of-hydropower.html
Mutch, Thembi. Oil and Gas in East Africa. New Africa Analysis: Monthly News and analysis on progressive Africa. April 2012. http://newafricaanalysis.co.uk/index.
php/2012/04/oil-and-gas-in-east-africa/
“South Sudan gets USD 8 billion infrastructure loan from China amid tension with Sudan over land oil.” Washington Post. 28 April, 2012. http://www.washingtonpost.com/
world/middle_east/south-sudan-gets-8bn-infrastructure- loan-from-china-amid-tension-with-sudan-over-land-oil/2012/04/28/gIQA9Y6bnT_story.html
Gohar, Abdelaziz A. and Frank A. Ward. “Gains from Improved Irrigation Water Use: Efficiency in Egypt.” Water Resources Development, First article, 1–22, 2011 http://
agecon.nmsu.edu/fward/water/Gohar_revise.pdf