VI. APPENDIX
8. TOSMANA R EPORTS
8.4. Explaining Outcome 0, including Remainders
Tosmana Report
Algorithm: Graph-based Agent
File: D:\Noras Diplomarbeit\Software\Tosmana\Daten 20.11..xml
Settings:
Minimizing Value 0 including R
Truth Table:
v1: Impartiality v2: Leverage v3: Status
O: Outcome id: Country ID
v1 v2 v3 O id
2 2 2 1 East Timor 2 1 1 1 Guatemala 1 2 2 1 Cambodia 0 2 2 1 El Salvador 0 0 0 0 Myanmar 1 0 2 0 Cyprus
Result: (all)
Leverage{0}
(Myanmar+Cyprus)
Created with Tosmana Version 1.255
Bibliography
Achen, Christopher H., 2002: Toward a New Political Methodology: Microfoundations and ART. Annual Review of Political Science (5). 423–450.
Ajello, Aldo, 1999: Mozambique: Implementation of the 1992 Peace Agreement. Chapter 23 in Crocker, Chester A.; Hampson, Fen Osler and Aall, Pamela (eds.), 1999: Herding Cats:
Multiparty Mediation in a Complex World. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace.
Allingham, Michael, 1999: Rational Choice. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Arksey, Hilary and Knight, Peter, 1999: Interviewing for Social Scientists. An Introductory Resource with Examples. London: Sage.
Arnault, Jean, (publishing date not known): Good Agreement? Bad Agreement? An Implementation Perspective. Princeton: Center of International Studies.
<http://peacemaker.unlb.org/doc_view.php?d=854&q=arnault>
Beber, Bernd, 2005: The Effects of Mediator Characteristics on the Settlement of Interstate Disputes. Paper prepared for the 2005 Mini-APSA Conference, April 15, 2005.
Bercovitch, Jacob, 1991: International Mediation. Journal of Peace Research 28(1). 3-6.
Bercovitch, Jacob, 1995: Third Parties and the Management of Conflict: The United Nations and the Mediation of International Disputes. Paper presented at a conference on ‘The U.N. at 50’ at the University of Otago 30th Foreign Policy School, 30 June – 3 July, 1995.
Bercovitch, Jacob (ed.), 1996: Resolving International Conflicts. The Theory and Practice of Mediation. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner.
Bercovitch, Jacob, 1997: Mediation in International Conflict. An Overview of Theory, A Review of Practice. Chapter 4 in Zartman, I. William and Rasmussen, J. Lewis (eds.), 1997:
Peacemaking in International Conflict. Methods and Techniques. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace.
Bercovitch, Jacob (ed.), 2002a: Studies in International Mediation. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
Bercovitch, Jacob, 2002b: Putting Mediation in Context. Chapter 1 in Bercovitch, Jacob (ed.), 2002: Studies in International Mediation. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
Bercovitch, Jacob and Houston, Allison, 1996: The Study of International Mediation:
Theoretical Issues and Empirical Evidence. Chapter 1 in Bercovitch, Jacob (ed.), 1996:
Resolving International Conflicts. The Theory and Practice of Mediation. Boulder, Colorado:
Lynne Rienner.
Bercovitch, Jacob and Houston, Allison, 2000: Why Do They Do It Like This? An Analysis of the Factors Influencing Mediation Behavior in International Conflicts. Journal of Conflict Resolution 44(2). 170-202.
Bercovitch, Jacob and Langley, Jeffrey, 1993: The Nature of the Dispute and the
Effectiveness of International Mediation. Journal of Conflict Resolution 37(4). 670-691.
Bercovitch, Jacob and Schneider, Gerald, 2000: Who mediates? The Political Economy of International Conflict Management. Journal of Peace Research 37(2). 145-165.
Bercovitch, Jacob; Anagnoson, J. Theodore and Wille, Donnette L., 1991: Some Conceptual Issues and Empirical Trends in the Study of Successful Mediation in International Relations.
Journal of Peace Research 28(1). 7-17.
Berton, Peter; Kimura, Hiroshi and Zartman, I. William, 1999: International Negotiation.
Actors, Structure/Process, Values. London: Macmillan.
Bilder, Richard B., 1997: Adjudication. International Arbitral Tribunals and Courts. Chapter 5 in Zartman, William I. and Rasmussen, J. Lewis (eds), 1997: Peacemaking in International Conflict. Methods and Techniques. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press.
Boole, George, 1847: The Mathematical Analysis of Logic. Cambridge: Macmillan, Barclay,
& Macmillan; London: George Bell.
Bush, Robert A. Baruch and Folger, Joseph P., 1994: The Promise of Mediation: Responding to Conflict Through Empowerment and Recognition. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Carnevale, Peter J., 2002: Mediating from Strength. Chapter 2 in Bercovitch, Jacob (ed.), 2002: Studies in International Mediation. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
Carnevale, Peter J. and Arad, Sharon, 1996: Bias and Impartiality in International Mediation.
Chapter 2 in Bercovitch, Jacob (ed.), 1996: Resolving International Conflicts. The Theory and Practice of Mediation. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner.
Collier, David; Seawright Jason and Munck, Gerardo L., 2004: The Quest for Standards:
King, Keohane, and Verba’s Designing Social Inquiry. 21-50 in Brady, Henry E. and Collier, David (eds.), 2004: Rethinking Social Inquiry: Diverse Tools, Shared Standards. Lanham:
Rowman & Littlefield.
Crocker, Chester A.; Hampson, Fen Osler and Aall, Pamela (eds.), 1999: Herding Cats:
Multiparty Mediation in a Complex World. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace.
Cronqvist, Lasse, 2003a: Using Multi-Value Logic Synthesis in Social Science. Paper prepared for he 2nd General Conference of the European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR), Marburg September 2003. <http://www.tosmana.org/resources/>
Cronqvist, Lasse, 2003b: Presentation of TOSMANA. Adding Multi-Value Variables and Visual Aids to QCA. Compasss Working Paper, WP 2003-14.
Cronqvist, Lasse, 2005: Introduction to Multi-Value Qualitative Comparative Analysis (MVQCA). <http://www.tosmana.org/resources/>
Cronqvist, Lasse, 2006: TOSMANA version 1.25. User Manual.
<http://www.tosmana.org/tosmana_user_manual.pdf>
Debling, Florentina; Proksch, Sven-Oliver and Schneider, Gerald, 2002: Aktuelle Trends im Management von internationalen Konflikten. Vermittlungsaktionen in militärischen
Konflikten im Zeitraum 1950-2000. Lehrstuhl für internationale Politik Universität Konstanz.
De Soto, Alvaro, 1999: El Salvador. Chapter 14 in Crocker, Chester A., Hampson, Fen Osler and Aall, Pamela (eds.), 1999: Herding Cats: Multiparty Mediation in a Complex World.
Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace.
De Soto, Alvaro and Del Castillo, Graciana, 1995: Implementation of Comprehensive Peace Agreements: Staying the Course in El Salvador. Global Governance 1. 189-203.
De Soto, Alvaro and Kirsch, Robert, 2002: The Peacemaker: An Interview with the UN Under-Secretary-General Alvaro de Soto. The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs 26(1). 61-67.
Dingemann, Rüdiger, 1996: Westermann-Lexikon Krisenherde der Welt. Konflikte und Kriege seit 1945. Braunschweig: Westermann.
Doyle, Michael W., 2001: War Making and Peace Making. The United Nations’ Post-Cold War Record. Chapter 32 in Crocker, Chester A., Hampson, Fen Osler and Aall, Pamela (eds.), 2001: Turbulent Peace. The Challenges of Managing International Conflict. Washington:
United States Institute of Peace.
Doyle, Michael W. and Suzuki, Ayaka, 1995: Transitional Authority in Cambodia. Chapter 8 in Weiss, Thomas G.; Forsythe, David P. and Coate, Roger A., 1995: The United Nations and Changing World Politics. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.
Doyle, Michael and Sambanis, Nicholas, 2000: International Peacebuilding: A Theoretical and Quantitative Analysis. American Political Science Review 94(4). 779-801.
Downs, George and Stedman, Stephen John, 2002: Evaluation Issues in Peace
Implementation. Chapter 2 in: Stedman, Stephen John, Rothchild, Donald and Cousens, Elizabeth (eds.): Ending Civil Wars. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers. 43-70.
Flick, Uwe, 2006: An introduction to qualitative research. London: Sage.
Franck, Thomas M., 1995: The Secretary-General's Role in Conflict Resolution: Past, Present and Pure Conjecture. European Journal of International Law 6(3). 360-387.
Fretter, Judith, 2002: International Organizations and Conflict Management: the United Nations and the Mediation of International Conflicts. Chapter 6 in Bercovitch, Jacob (ed.), 2002: Studies in International Mediation. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
Froschauer, Ulrike and Lueger, Manfred, 2003: Das qualitative Interview. Zur Praxis interpretativer Analyse sozialer Systeme. Wien: WUV.
Gilady, Lilach and Russett, Bruce, 2002: Peacemaking and Conflict Resolution. 392–408 in Carlsnaes, Walter et al. (eds.): Handbook of International Relations. London: Sage.
Goodwin, Deborah, 2001: UNPROFOR: An Encounter without an Outcome. In Goodwin, Deborah (ed.), 2001: Negotiation in International Conflict. Understanding Persuasion.
London: Frank Cass.
Haller, Michael, 2001: Das Interview. Ein Handbuch für Journalisten. Konstanz: UVK Medien.
Hampson, Fen Osler, 2003: Can the UN Still Mediate? 75-92 in Price, Richard M. and Zacher, Mark W. (eds.), 2003: The United and Global Security. Basingstoke:
Palgrave/Macmillan.
Honeyman, Christopher and Yawanarajah, Nita, 2003: Mediation. In: Burgess, Guy and Burgess, Heidi (eds.): Beyond Intractability. Conflict Research Consortium, University of Colorado, Boulder. <http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/mediation/>.
Janning, Frank; Blatter, Joachim and Wagemann, Claudius, 2006: Studienbrief der FernUni Hagen zum Kurs 33211: Qualitative Politikanalyse. Eine Einführung in Methoden und Forschungsansätze. (received from Claudius Wagemann)
Jonas, Susanne, 2000: Of Centaurs and Doves. Guatemala’s Peace Process. Boulder:
Westview Press.
Jones, Daniel M.; Bremer, Stuart A. and Singer, J. David, 1996: Militarized Interstate
Disputes, 1816-1992: Rationale, Coding Rules, and Empirical Patterns. Conflict Management and Peace Science 15(2). 163-213.
Keashly, Loraleigh and Fisher, Ronald J., 1996: A Contingency Perspective on Conflict Interventions: Theoretical and Practical Considerations. Chapter 11 in Bercovitch, Jacob (ed.), 1996: Resolving International Conflicts. The Theory and Practice of Mediation. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner.
King, Gary; Keohane; Robert O. and Verba, Sidney, 1994: Designing Social Inquiry.
Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Kleiboer, Marieke, 1996: Understanding Success and Failure of International Mediation. The Journal of Conflict Resolution 40(2). 360-389.
Kleiboer, Marieke, 1998: The Multiple Realities of International Mediation. Boulder and London: Lynne Rienner.
Kleiboer, Marieke, 2002: Great Power Mediation: Using Leverage to Make Peace? Chapter 7 in Bercovitch, Jacob (ed.), 2002: Studies in International Mediation. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
Kydd, Andrew, 2003: Which Side Are You On? Bias, Credibility, and Mediation. American Journal of Political Science. 47(4). 597-611.
Kvale, Steinar, 1999: InterViews. An Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing.
Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Lamnek, Siegfried, 2005: Qualitative Sozialforschung. Lehrbuch. 4. Auflage. Weinheim, Basel: Beltz.
Levy, Tali, 2000: The 1991 Cambodia Settlement Agreements. Chapter 5 in Greenburg, Melanie C., Barton, John H. and McGuinness, Margaret E., 2000: Words Over War.
Mediation and Arbitration to Prevent Deadly Conflict. Lenham: Rowman & Littlefield.
Maiese, Michelle, 2005: Neutrality. In: Burgess, Guy and Burgess, Heidi (eds.): Beyond Intractability. Conflict Research Consortium, University of Colorado, Boulder.
<http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/neutrality/>.
Messing, Barbara, 2000: El Salvador. Chapter 6 in Greenburg, Melanie C., Barton, John H.
and McGuinness, Margaret E., 2000: Words Over War. Mediation and Arbitration to Prevent Deadly Conflict. Lenham: Rowman & Littlefield.
Marker, Jamsheed, 2003: East Timor. A Memoir of the Negotiations for Independence.
Jefferson, London: McFarland & Company.
Marshall, Monty G.; Jaggers, Keith and Gurr, Ted, 2002: Polity IV Project. Political Regime Characteristics and Transitions 1800-2000. <http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/polity/>
Mayring, Philipp, 2002: Einführung in die qualitative Sozialforschung. Eine Anleitung zu qualitativem Denken. Weinheim, Basel: Beltz.
Meuser, M. and Nagel, U., 2002: ExpertInneninterviews – vielfach erprobt, wenig bedacht.
Ein Beitrag zur qualitativen Methodendiskussion. In: Bogner, A., Littig, B. and Menz, W.
(eds.), 2002: Das Experteninterview. Opladen: Leske & Budrich.
Princen, Thomas, 1992: Intermediaries in International Conflict. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Procter, Paul (ed.), 1995: Cambridge International Dictionary of English. Cambridge University Press.
Pruitt, Dean G., 1981: Negotiation Behavior. New York: Academic Press.
Pruitt, Dean G. and Carnevale, Peter J., 1993: Negotiation in International Conflict.
Buckingham: Open University Press.
Ragin, Charles C., 1987: The Comparative Method. Moving Beyond Qualitative and Quantitative Strategies. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press.
Ragin, Charles C., 2000: Fuzzy-Set Social Science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Ragin, Charles C., 2003: Making Comparative Analysis Count. Compasss Working Paper, WP 2003-10.
Ragin, Charles C., 2004: Turning the Tables: How Case-Oriented Research Challenges Variable-Oriented Research. 123-138 in Brady, Henry E. and Collier, David (eds.), 2004:
Rethinking Social Inquiry: Diverse Tools, Shared Standards. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
Ragin, Charles C. and Sonnet, John, 2004: Between Complexity and Parsimony: Limited Diversity, Counterfactual Cases, and Comparative Analysis. Compasss Working Paper, WP 2004-23.
Rasmussen, J. Lewis, 1997: Peacemaking in the Twenty-First Century. New Rules, New Roles, New Actors. Chapter 1 in Zartman, William I. and Rasmussen, J. Lewis (eds), 1997:
Peacemaking in International Conflict. Methods and Techniques. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press.
Regan, Patrick, 1996: Conditions of Successful Third-Party Intervention in Intrastate Conflicts. Journal of Conflict Resolution 40(2). 336-359.
Schneider, Gerald, 2005: Presentation for the seminar „Einführung in die Internationalen Beziehungen“ at the University of Konstanz.
<http://www.uni- konstanz.de/FuF/Verwiss/GSchneider/lehre/IB%200506%20Folien/einfuehrung2005-2006-sitzung5.pdf>.
Schneider, Gerald; Bercovitch, Jacob and Selck, Torsten J., forthcoming: The Dispute or the Mediator? Structural and Personal Factors in Mediation.
Schnell, Rainer; Hill, Paul B. und Esser, Elke, 1999: Methoden der empirischen Sozialforschung. 6. Auflage. München: Oldenbourg.
Scholl, Armin, 2003: Die Befragung. Sozialwissenschaftliche Methode und kommunikationswissenschaftliche Anwendung. Konstanz: UVK.
Singer, David J. and Small, Melvin, 1994: Correlates of War Project: International and Civil War Data, 1815-1992. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research.
Sisk, Timothy, 2001: Peacemaking in Civil Wars. Obstacles, Options, and Opportunities.
Denver: Kroc Institute.
Skjelsbaek, Kjell, 1991: The UN Secretary-General and the Mediation of International Disputes. Journal of Peace Research 28(1). 99-115.
Skjelsbaek, Kjell and Fermann, Gunnar, 1996: The UN Secretary-General and the Mediation of International Disputes. Chapter 4 in Bercovitch, Jacob (ed.), 1996: Resolving International Conflicts. The Theory and Practice of Mediation. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner.
Solomon, Richard H., 1999: Bringing Peace to Cambodia. Chapter 12 in Crocker, Chester A.;
Hampson, Fen Osler and Aall, Pamela (eds.), 1999: Herding Cats: Multiparty Mediation in a Complex World. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace.
Spangler, Brad, 2003a: Problem-Solving Mediation. In: Burgess, Guy and Burgess, Heidi (eds.): Beyond Intractability. Conflict Research Consortium, University of Colorado, Boulder.
<http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/mediation/>.
Spangler, Brad, 2003b: Transformative Mediation. In: Burgess, Guy and Burgess, Heidi (eds.): Beyond Intractability. Conflict Research Consortium, University of Colorado, Boulder.
<http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/mediation/>.
Touval, Saadia, 1994: Why the UN Fails: It Cannot Mediate. Foreign Affairs 73(5). 44-57.
Touval, Saadia, 1995: Mediator’s Flexibility and the U.N. Security Council. ANNALS, AAPSS 542. 202-212.
Touval, Saadia and Zartman, I. William, 1985: International Mediation in Theory and Practice. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Touval, Saadia and Zartman, I. William, 2001: International Mediation in the Post-Cold War Era. Chapter 26 in Crocker, Chester A., Hampson, Fen Osler and Aall, Pamela (eds.), 2001:
Turbulent Peace. The Challenges of Managing International Conflict. Washington: United States Institute of Peace.
United Nations, 2004: Basic Facts About the United Nations. New York: United Nations.
Väyrynen, Raimo, 1985: Focus On: Is There a Role for the United Nations in Conflict Resolution? Journal of Peace Research 22(3). 190-196.
Wall, James A., jr.; Stark, John B. and Standifer, Rhetta L., 2001: Mediation. A Current Review and Theory Development. Journal of Conflict Resolution 45(3). 370-391.
Wallensteen, Peter and Sollenberg, Margareta, 2001: Armed Conflict 1989–2000. Journal of Peace Research 38(5). 629–644.
Wehr, Paul and Lederach, John Paul, 1996: Mediating Conflict in Central America. Chapter 3 in Bercovitch, Jacob (ed.), 1996: Resolving International Conflicts. The Theory and Practice of Mediation. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner.
Wilkenfeld, Jonathan; Young, Kathleen et al., 2003: Mediating International Crises. Cross-National and Experimental Perspectives. Journal of Conflict Resolution 47(3). 279-301.
Young, Oran R., 1967: The Intermediaries. Third Parties in International Crises. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Zartman, William I., 1995 (ed.): Elusive Peace. Negotiating an End to Civil Wars.
Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution.
Zartman, William I., 1997: Toward the Resolution of International Conflicts. Introduction in Zartman, William I. and Rasmussen, J. Lewis (eds), 1997: Peacemaking in International Conflict. Methods and Techniques. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press.
Zartman, William I. and Rasmussen, J. Lewis (eds), 1997: Peacemaking in International Conflict. Methods and Techniques. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press.
Zartman, William I. and Rubin, Jeffrey Z., 2000: Power and Negotiation. Ann Arbor:
University of Michigan Press.
UN Documents
United Nations, 1945: United Nations Charter. New York: United Nations.
Boutros-Ghali, Boutros, 1992: An Agenda for Peace. Preventive diplomacy, peacemaking and peace-keeping. A/47/277 – S/24111.
United Nations, 2004: A more secure world: our shared responsibility. Report of the High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change. A/59/565.
GA Resolution A/RES/37/10 of 15 November 1982; GA Resolution A/RES43/51 of 15 December 1988 and GA Resolution A/RES/44/21 of 15 November 1989 (see
http://peacemaker.unlb.org/role.php?p=14#Article331).
UN documents on the mediation effort in Cyprus:
S/1999/707; S/2003/398; S/2004/437
UN documents on the mediation effort in East Timor:
A/52/349; A/53/349
UN documents on the mediation effort in Myanmar:
A/60/422; Security Council Report 04/2005; E/CN.4/2003/33; E/CN.4/2005/130; A/49/716.
Websites
Uppsala Conflict Database: <www.pcr.uu.se/database/index.php>.
UN Peacemaker: <www.unpeacemaker.org>
Mediation Project by Jacob Bercovitch:
<www.posc.canterbury.ac.nz/staff_pages/jbercovitch/mediation.html>
COMPASSS Research Group - COMParative methods for the Advancement of Systematic cross-case analysis and Small-n Studies. International resource site: <www.compasss.org>
TOSMANA Software and Resources: <www.tosmana.net>
Fuzzy Set / Comparative Qualitative Analysis: <www.fsqca.com>
International Online Training Program on Intractable Conflict by the Conflict Research Consortium, University of Colorado, USA:
<http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/peace/index.html>
Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar>
Asia Times August 1, 2005: <http://www.iimcr.org/index.cfm?pageID=2&articleID=504>