There is definitely a connection with the way that Antarctica has been portrayed in National Geographic Magazine and the shifts between the interest groups that have had an impact on Antarctica. The short list of states involved in Ant-arctic expeditions at the start of the twentieth century were slowly made to share influence and power over the continent with a growing list of actors. The
119 Shackleton 1909.
120 Byrd 1947: 429.
121 Byrd 1947.
122 Siple 1958; Dufek 1959; Curtsinger 1986; Vesilind 1987.
123 Dufek 1959; Clinch 1967; Lewis 1973; Fiennes 1983; Lewis 1983.
124 Lewis 1973: 818.
widening scale of state actors involved in Antarctic governance was reflected by the shift from magazine article references to claims to international cooperation.
The widening scope of non-state actors involved was shown by the incorpora-tion of other metaphors for Antarctica, reflected in the increase of the use of Antarctic descriptors such as a scientific laboratory or an environmentally pure world park. It is also evident that the IGY of 1957-58 was a pivotal period of time around which great changes took place in Antarctica. The way that Antarctica was discussed after the IGY differed from the way it was discussed before the event. We currently live in a period of time in which many different conceptions of Antarctica overlap and coexist, and it leads me to wonder if the upcoming International Polar Year of 2007-8) will bring with it a similar transformation in Antarctic perceptions.
2.10 References
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3 History of Antarctic Research: The Australasian Context
David Michael Dodd, Honorary Fellow, The Australian Centre, The University of Melbourne, Advisor to the IPY Planning Committee, Royal Society of Victoria, Melbourne
Email: daviddodd@optusnet.com.au
Abstract
The history of Australian Antarctic research is being examined within the con-text of Australia’s involvement in Antarctica during the first three Polar Years, with particular reference to the interest shown by early scientific societies, sci-entific institutions and governmental agencies.
The activities of these agencies are being further examined within the context of the four Workshop Themes during each Polar Year time frame. The establish-ment of the short lived Australian Antarctic Committee 1886/88, which grew out of the activities of the first Polar Year 1882/83 and the role played by Royal Society of Victoria and European scientists both in Australia and overseas (Neumayer, etc.), in developing Australia’s interest in Antarctica is also being examined. Within a purely historical context, Australia’s association with early Antarctic and sub-Antarctic exploration from the 1800’s to the Challenger Expedition of 1874 will also the documented. The ‘Heroic Age’ activities centred on Australian Antarctic Territory and the Ross Dependency, followed by the Second Polar Year activities (the Mawson Years) and the Third Polar Year (IGY1957/58) activities (the Law Years) and Antarctic Research in the modern era – the past 40 years, will be examined.
The treatise will form a valuable backdrop to the Royal Society of Victoria’s voyages of scientific discovery for young scientists (refer to the RSV-INTREPID - IPY project No 81), to be conducted during the forthcoming IPY 2007-2008.
4 Wilhelm Filchner and Antarctica Helmut Hornik*and Cornelia Lüdecke**
* German Geodetic Commission at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Munich, Germany, Email: hornik@dgfi.badw.de
**Centre for the History of Science, Mathematics and Technology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, Email: C.Luedecke@lrz.uni-muenchen.de