• Keine Ergebnisse gefunden

85 How to choose the right target SIR?

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Aktie "85 How to choose the right target SIR?"

Copied!
15
0
0

Wird geladen.... (Jetzt Volltext ansehen)

Volltext

(1)

85 How to choose the right target SIR?

Adjust target SIR to meet the link quality

Consider quality as BER or BLER

SIR for quality depends on

• Mobiles speed

• Multipath profile

Adjust SIR to the worst case?

• Unnecessary high SIR wastes capacity

• Desirable: minimal SIR which fulfils the quality requirement

How to find such SIR?

(2)

86

Finding the target SIR: outer loop power control

Similar method for the downlink

Downlink method resides in UE

Why is uplink handled in RNC?

Soft handover combining! …

NodeB

execute in RNC at rate of max 100Hz:

foreach UE i assigned to a NodeB

determine the quality from CRC attachment if quality better than required then

decrease SIRtarget = SIRtargetdown else

increase SIRtarget = SIRtarget + ∆up

Radio Network Controller (RNC)

target SIR adjustment frame reliability

information

(3)

Übersicht

• Zellgeometrie

• Frequency‐Reuse

• Übliche Systemfunktionen

• Ausbreitungsmodelle

• Traffic‐Engineering

• Beispiel GSM

Beispiel UMTS

– 3G‐Systeme

– Diskussion von CDMA‐Systemen – Übersicht über das UMTS‐System – Power Control

Handover Control

WS 2012/2013 Drahtlose Kommunikation ‐Zellulare Netze 87

(4)

88 WCDMA Handover types

Inter-system (e.g. WCDMA and GSM)

Inter-frequency (needed at different cell layers or at hot spots)

Intra-frequency (what we look at here)

• Soft handover

• Softer handover

GSM GSM GSM GSM

WCDMA WCDMA WCDMA

GSM GSM

capacity extension coverage extension

Figures inspired from: Harri Holma and Antti Toskala, “WCDMA for UMTS”, 3rd Edition, WILEY, 2004, ISBN 0-470-87096-6

F1 F1 F1 F1

F2 F2

handover at hot spot

F1 F1 F1 F1

F2 F2 F2 F2 F2 F2 F2

handover to support macro and micro layers

(5)

89 The idea of soft handover

 Exploiting multi path/antenna diversity (Macro diversity)

 Uplink

No additional signal is transmitted

In principal, always increases performance

 Downlink

Each link causes interference at other users

Trade-off

NodeB1

NodeB2

(6)

90 Soft handover: the downlink perspective

 Maximal ratio combining (MRC) in the rake receiver

 Recall: MRC used to exploit multi path diversity

 Difference: rake receiver fingers use different codes

NodeB1

NodeB2

(7)

91 Soft handover: the uplink perspective

Selection combining (SC) in the RNC

Target SIR decided after SC

NodeB1

NodeB2

NodeB1 NodeB2 SC

frame with CRC

frame with CRC RNC

(8)

92 Softer handover

 Sectored antenna

 Downlink: similar to soft handover

 Uplink: the more effective MRC instead of SC is possible and used NodeB

(9)

93 Ingredients of the soft handover procedure

cell 1

cell 2

cell 3

CPICH Ec/I0Measurement quantity, e.g.

CPICH Ec/I0

Active set: soft handover connection of UE

Neighbor/monitored set: set of cells that UE can measure

In the following example the active set size is 2

time

(10)

94 Adding a cell to the active set

cell 1

cell 2

cell 3

Event 1A (add cell2)



addadd = reporting_range –

hysteresis_event1A

= window_add Active set is

not full Best

pilot

(11)

95 Replacing a cell in the active set

cell 1

cell 2

cell 3

Event 1A (add cell2)

 

Event 1C

(replace cell1 with cell3) Worst pilot in

full active set Best candidate pilot

replace

(12)

96 Removing a cell from the active set

cell 1

cell 2

cell 3

 

Event 1C

(replace cell1 with cell3)



Event 1B

(remove cell2)

Event 1A (add cell2)

remove

Best pilot

remove = reporting_range + hysteresis_event1B

= window_drop

(13)

Zusammenfassung und Literatur

• Zellgeometrie

• Frequency‐Reuse

• Übliche Systemfunktionen

• Ausbreitungsmodelle

• Traffic‐Engineering

• Beispiel GSM

• Beispiel UMTS

WS 2012/2013 Drahtlose Kommunikation ‐Zellulare Netze 97

(14)

Zusammenfassung

• Generelle Idee zellularer Netze: räumlich verteilte Basisstationen wegen  beschränkter Bandbreite und limitierter Übertragungsreichweite

• Erfordert: Leistungskontrolle, Handover‐Mechanismen, aufwendige  drahtgebundene Infrastruktur (drahtlos nur „auf der letzten Meile“)

• Bemerkung: das Thema schnurlose Telefone (z.B. DECT) wurde hier nicht  betrachtet

• Vereinfachte Darstellung von Zellen mittels Hexagonen

• Zwei Varianten zur Aufteilung der Bandbreite: Zuweisung von Frequenzen,  CDMA

• Alte Mobilefunkgenerationen: der Schwerpunkt ist hier die  Sprachübertragung. (Eine Verbindung pro aktivem Nutzer)

• In der Mobiltelefonie spricht man von Evolution von alten Generationen  hin zu neuen Generationen

• Neue Generationen: Datendienste werden immer wichtiger

– Evolution von leitungsvermittelnden zu paketorientiertem Netz (näher am  Internet‐Modell)

• Beispiele: GSM und UMTS

WS 2012/2013 Drahtlose Kommunikation ‐Zellulare Netze 98

(15)

Literatur

[Schiller2003] Jochen Schiller, „Mobilkommunikation“, 2te überarbeitete Auflage, 2003

Kapitel 4.1.3: Luftschnittstelle Kapitel 4.1.8: Neue Datendienste Kapitel 4.4: UMTS

[Rappaport2002] Theodore Rappaport, „Wireless Communications, Principles and Practice“, Second Edition, Prentice Hall, 2002

10.1 Principles of Cellular Networks 10.3 Second‐Generation TDMA 10.4 Second‐Generation CDMA 10.5 Third‐Generation Systems

Weiterführende Literatur zum Thema UMTS (nicht unbedingt erforderlich zur  Nachbearbeitung dieser Folien)

• H. Holma, A. Toskala (Ed.), “WCDMA for UMTS”, Wiley, 3rd edition, Wiley, 2004.

• R. Prasad, W. Mohr, W. Konhäuser (Ed.), “Third Generation Mobile  Communications Systems”, Artech House, March 2000.

• J. P. Castro, “The UMTS Network and Radio Access Technology”, Wiley, 2001.

• 3GPP standards: TR 25.922: “Radio Resource Management Strategies”, 2007.

WS 2012/2013 Drahtlose Kommunikation ‐Zellulare Netze 99

Referenzen

ÄHNLICHE DOKUMENTE

To promote evidence-based care, patient satisfaction, and minimize long-term morbidities in women with PCOS, our team intends to conduct an online survey among obstetricians

While studies using the SIR model have provided projections of the spread of COVID-19 in Japan, the trade-off between health and economy had not been rigorously treated until

ed images of three patients with catheter preparation: a A 63-year-old patient with a collapsed rectum with excellent DWI quality regarding the severity of

One approach to addressing this difficulty is to develop a new quality of life preference-based measure that covers all domains that are relevant and important across health and

Analogue to parameters, also procedure-local variables have to be stored in the stack frame, because there is one instance of the local variables for each procedure

3.1 Translation of Imperative Language Constructs 3.1.1 Language Constructs of Procedural Language 3.1.2 Assembly and Machine Languages 3.1.3 Translation of Variables and Data

Work with licenses offers two kinds of challenges: one is the terminology that should be common to all parties and as consistent as possible. In practice the terms used

Targets linked to the 2°C limit are also needed for carbon sequestration and agriculture- related mitigation options, which can have equal or larger impacts on mitigation than