State-level variations and factors associated with adult vaccination coverage: a multilevel modeling approach
Journal: PharmacoEconomics - Open
Authors: Diana Garbinsky, Shannon Hunter, Elizabeth M. La, Sara Poston, Cosmina Hogea
Correspondence: Sara Poston; GSK, sara.a.poston@gsk.com
Conflicts of interest: EL, SP and CH are employed by the GSK group of
companies and hold shares in the GSK group of companies. DG and SH are employees of RTI Health Solutions, which was contracted by the GSK group of companies to design and implement the present study. The authors declare no other financial and non-financial relationships and activities.
Online Resource 3
Individual-Level Covariates
For consistency across studies and ease of interpretation, the same set of individual- level covariates was used from our previously published analysis [16], including the following:
Socio-Demographic Characteristics
Age (at time of BRFSS survey, with BRFSS age categories [18–24, 25–29, 30–34, 35–39, 40–44, 45–49, 50–54, 55–59, 60–64, 65–69, 70–74, 75–79, 80+ years])
Sex (i.e., male, female)
Race/ethnicity (using the collapsed response options provided by BRFSS, including non-Hispanic white; non-Hispanic black; Hispanic; non-Hispanic other race only; non- Hispanic multiracial, and unknown/refused)
Educational attainment (collapsed BRFSS response options to less than high school, high school graduate, some college or technical school, college graduate, and unknown/refused)
Annual household income (collapsed BRFSS response options to less than $25,000;
$25,000 to less than $50,000; $50,000 to less than $75,000; $75,000 or more, and unknown/refused)
Health Status
Self-reported health status (i.e., excellent, very good, good, fair, poor, and unknown/refused)
Presence of at least one chronic health condition derived from multiple BRFSS survey questions asking about whether a doctor has ever told the respondent that they had a heart attack or myocardial infarction; angina or coronary heart disease; stroke; asthma;
cancer; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, or chronic bronchitis;
arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, lupus, or fibromyalgia; depressive disorder; kidney disease; or diabetes (i.e., at least one chronic health condition, no chronic health conditions, and unknown/refused)
Potential Barriers to Care
Inability to pay for care based on whether a respondent reported that they needed to see a doctor in the past 12 months but could not because of cost (i.e., yes, no, and
unknown/refused).
Health Care Utilization
Designated primary care provider (based on whether a respondent reported having one person that they consider to be their personal doctor or health care provider) (i.e., yes, no, and unknown/refused)
Length of time since last doctor’s visit for routine checkup (i.e., within the past year, 1–2 years, 2–5 years, 5+ years, never, and unknown/refused)
References to the Online Resource
16. La EM, Trantham L, Kurosky SK, Odom D, Aris E, Hogea C. An analysis of factors associated with influenza, pneumococcal, Tdap, and herpes zoster vaccine uptake in the US adult population and corresponding inter-state variability. Hum Vaccin Immunother.
2018;14(2):430-441.
