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Growth Regression and Counterfactual Income Dynamics

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(8)

Least Squares CV

1 2 3 4

0.01+h*E-2

-4 -3 -2 -1

-2.72+criterion*E-2

Density Estimate

0.7 0.8 0.9 1

x

1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

fh

optimal h:

0.0390019

Range of h:

0.02 0.0544646

Points:

10

---

Kernel K:

gau

Binwidth d:

0.00184367

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(9)

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(10)

Density Confidence Intervals

0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Income in 1960 and 1985

1 2 3 4

density estimates

1960 plus factor accumulation effect

0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Income (60 and factor accumulation)

1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

Y

Predicted vs 1985

0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Income (Predicted & 85)

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Income (60 and convergence)

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(15)

Bivariate Density Estimate

0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Income (1960)

0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Income (1985)

2D Density Estimate

0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Income (1960)

0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Factor Accumulation

2D Density Estimate

0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Income (1960)

0.7 0.8 0.9 1

predicted Income in 1985

2D Density Estimate

0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Income (1960)

0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Neoclassical Convergence

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