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Overall device efficiencies of 2.8 % are achieved. The limitations to the performance enhancement through thermal annealing are emphasized, and a detailed description of the resulting system changes are given.

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Academic year: 2021

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Abstract

Organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells combine a polymeric electron-donating component and an inorganic nanocrystalline electron-accepting component into solution-processed bulk-heterojunction solar cells. This work focusses on the post- production heat treatment and the morphology control of such devices.

Hybrid solar cells are fabricated and optimized by initially using spherical CdSe nanocrystals (NC). The impact of thermal annealing is studied in detail, applying var- ious microscopic techniques, as well as optical and electrical characterization methods.

Overall device efficiencies of 2.8 % are achieved. The limitations to the performance enhancement through thermal annealing are emphasized, and a detailed description of the resulting system changes are given.

Furthermore, CdSe NC of different geometries are blended together with a polymer for the first time in a solar cell. A peak efficiency of 3.6 % is obtained for the optimized blend composition, which is attributed to improved morphological and charge transfer properties within the system. The small spherical NC turned out to be an effective tool for energy level tuning, when thermal annealing is applied. Additionally, by introducing elongated 1 D quantum rods, which provide excellent charge transport pathways, an effective performance enhancement is observed, owing to the quantum dot/quantum rod property interplay.

The use of nontoxic CuInS

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NC results in promising device performances when an inverted planar-heterojunction set-up is applied. Device performances up to 0.25 % are achieved, when using the polymer/CuInS

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NC combination.

The last chapter describes the successful implementation of the photovoltaic ink system PV1000 (Plextronics Inc.) as a useful reference system for the every day re- search on organic photovoltaic devices.

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Kurzzusammenfassung

Organisch-anorganische Hybrid-Solarzellen bestehen aus einem Elektronen-Donor (Poly- mer) und einem anorganischen nano-kristallinen Elektronen-Akzeptor in l¨ osungsmittel- prozessierten Mischschicht-Solarzellen. Zur Effizienzsteigerung wurden in der vorliegen- den Arbeit deren Temperatur-Nachbehandlung und ihre Morphologiekontrolle unter- sucht.

Zun¨ achst wurden hybride Solarzellen basierend auf sh¨ arischen CdSe NC her-gestellt und optimiert. Der Einfluss der Temperatur-Nachbehandlung ist durch eine Vielzahl mikroskopischer Verfahren sowie optischer und elektrischer Methoden detailliert unter- sucht, und Effizienzen von 2.8 % wurden erreicht. Die Limitierungen des Systems in Bezug zur Temperatur-Behandlung sind hervorgehoben und eine detaillierte Beschrei- bung der resultierenden System-Ver¨ anderungen ist gegeben.

Außerdem wurden erstmals CdSe NC verschiedener Geometrien mit einem Poly- mer in einer Solarzelle kombiniert. Hohe Effizienzen von 3.6 % wurden erreicht, was auf eine vorteilhafte Morphologie und verbesserte Ladungstransfer-Eigenschaften zur¨ uck- gef¨ uhrt wird. Die sph¨ arischen NC erweisen sich dabei als effektives Werkzeug, um mit thermischer Behandlung die Enegieniveaus abzu-gleichen. Erg¨ anzend bieten 1 D NC hervorragende Transporteigenschaften, was zu einem vorteilhaften Zusammenspiel beider Komponenten-Eigenschaften f¨ uhrt.

Die Anwendung ungiftiger CuInS

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NC ergibt vielversprechende Effizienzen in in- vertierten Zweischicht-Solarzellen von 0.25 %.

Das letzte Kapitel beinhaltet die erfolgreiche Implementierung des photovoltaischen Tinten-Systems PV1000 (Plextronics, Inc.) als brauchbares Referenz-System f¨ ur die t¨ agliche Forschung an organischen photovoltaischen Bauteilen.

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