The World as a Collection of Postcards: Evita’s Architectural Project(ion)s and the Making of Argentinean Identity
Liliana Ruth Feierstein
“I would like to look at the world as one looks at a collection of postcards.”
Eva Duarte1 ,QZKHQWKH5HS~EOLFDGHORV1LxRV&KLOGUHQ¶V5HSXEOLFZDVLQDXJXUDWHG (YLWDFRXOGQRWEHSUHVHQWVKHZDVGHDWKO\LOODQGO\LQJLQEHG%XWDV'DQLHO6DQWRUR H[SUHVVHVLQKLVSLFWXUH³(YLWDSUHJQDQWZLWK&KLOGUHQ¶VFLW\´2WKLVUHSXEOLFZDVRQH RIKHUGUHDPVKHUODVWZLVKIRUKHUFKLOGUHQDVDµV\PEROLFPRWKHU¶RIWKH$UJHQWLQLDQ GHVFDPLVDGRV'HVFDPLVDGRVLVDQHRORJLVPVKHLQYHQWHGWRGHVFULEHWKHSRRUSHRSOH ZKRZHUHGHQLHGDFFHVVWRWKHSULYLOHJHVRI$UJHQWLQLDQVRFLHW\±LWLVUHPLQLVFHQWRI WKHVDQVFRXORWWHVRIWKH)UHQFKUHYROXWLRQEXWLQVWULFW&DWKROLF$UJHQWLQDWKH\ZRXOG EHWKHRQHVµZLWKRXWVKLUWV¶
3HURQLVPLVDKLJKO\FRPSOH[SKHQRPHQRQZKLFKVWLOOSHUYDGHV$UJHQWLQLDQOLIH WRGD\7KHUROHRISHURQLVPDQGWKHVLJQL¿FDQFHRI(YLWD¶VLPDJHLQWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQ RI$UJHQWLQLDQLGHQWLW\KDVEHHQGLVFXVVHGLQJUHDWGHWDLO:KDWKDVEHHQQHJOHFWHGLV WKHDUFKLWHFWXUDOSROLWLFVRI3HUyQ¶VUHJLPHWKDWEHFDPHPDQLIHVWLQDODUJH QXPEHU RI EXLOGLQJ SURMHFWV IURP VFKRROV RU KROLGD\ FDPSV WR KRVSLWDOV 7KLV KXJH FRQVWUXFWLRQ ZDYH KDV OHIW LWV WUDFHV RQ $UJHQWLQD¶V QDWLRQDO LGHQWLW\ 2SSRVLQJ QRW RQO\µVHOI¶DQGµRWKHU¶EXWDOVRµSUROHWDULDQ¶DQGµROLJDUFKLF¶WKHDUFKLWHFWXUDOSURMHFWV UHÀHFWWKHVWUDQJHLGHRORJLHVDQGDHVWKHWLFLGHDOVRISHURQLVPWKDWDUHDVHFOHFWLFDQG FRQWUDGLFWRU\DV(YLWDZDVKHUVHOIWKHGLVFRXUVHDQGWKHÀDJRIWKHSRRUFRH[LVWHG ZLWKMHZHOVDQG&KULVWLDQ'LRU¶VGHVLJQ
(YLWDSODQQHGPRVWRIWKHVHSURMHFWVKHUVHOIDFWLQJWKURXJKWKH³)XQGDFLyQ(YD 3HUyQ´DVHOILQYHQWHGVHFWLRQRIWKH$UJHQWLQLDQJRYHUQPHQW$VDNLQGRIµIDLU\RI WKHGHVFDPLVDGRV¶VKHFUHDWHGDVLIZLWKDWRXFKRIDPDJLFDOKDQGKHUHDKRVSLWDO
,QDQ,QWHUYLHZLQTXRWHGE\7RPiV(OR\0DUWLQH]6DQWD(YLWD%DUFHORQD6HL[%DUUDO p. 1.
,Q'DQLHO6DQWRUR0DQXDOGHOQLxRSHURQLVWD%XHQRV$LUHV/D0DUFD Konstanzer Online-Publikations-System (KOPS) URL: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-190141
WKHUHDKRXVHIRUZRPHQ1RRWKHUSHULRGRIWKH$UJHQWLQLDQKLVWRU\ZDVVRµFRQVWUXF- WLYH¶±DWOHDVWLQWKHPDWHULDOVHQVHRIWKLVZRUG2QO\WRPHQWLRQVRPH¿JXUHVPRUH WKDQVFKRROVDQGÀDWVZHUHEXLOWLQWKRVH\HDUV3HWULQDSHW VTT
7KHVHSHURQLVWEXLOGLQJVGRQRWKDYHDXQLTXHVW\OHEXWGUDZRQDZLGHYDULHW\
RIVW\OHVUDQJLQJIURPWKHµPRQXPHQWDO¶VHDWRI(YLWD¶V)RXQGDWLRQIROORZLQJWKHEHVW WUDGLWLRQRIWRWDOLWDULDQUHJLPHVWRWKHPRGHUQLVWGHVLJQVRI$PDFLR:LOOLDPV(YHQ /H &RXUEXVLHU ZDV LQ $UJHQWLQD WKRVH \HDUV OHDYLQJ D ELJ LQÀXHQFH ± KH EXLOW WKH IDPRXV ³&DVD &XUXFKHW´ E\ /D 3ODWD LQ $V $OEHUWR 3HWULQD SRLQWHG RXW WKLV HFOHFWLFIUHHGRPRIGHVLJQPDGHURRPIRUDPRQJVWRWKHUVDERRNRISURSDJDQGDWKDW FDQHDVLO\MX[WDSRVHGLYHUVHVW\OHVOLNHSLFWXUHVTXHQHVVDQGUDWLRQDOLVPLELGS
Middle Class Utopia with Authoritarian Features:
Ciudad Evita
(YLWD¶VIDYRXULWHVW\OHVHHPVWRKDYHEHHQWKH³&DOLIRUQLDQ3LFWXUHVTXHQHVV´WKDW GRPLQDWHVDUFKLWHFWXUDOFRPSOH[HVVXFKDV&LXGDG(YLWD&LXGDGGHORV(VWXGLDQWHV DKDOORIUHVLGHQFHIRUVWXGHQWVFRPLQJIURPRXWVLGHRI%XHQRV$LUHV&LXGDGGHORV QLQRV$PDQGD$OOHQDFKLOGUHQ¶VFLW\IRURUSKDQVDOVRLQ%XHQRV$LUHVDQGVHYHUDO KROLGD\UHVLGHQFHVVXFKDV&KDSDGPDODODQG5LR7HUFHUR
&LXGDG(YLWDDZRUNHUV¶FLW\RIVTXDUHPHWUHVEXLOWEHWZHHQDQG ZDVLQVSLUHGE\(EHQH]HU+RZDUG¶VFRQFHSWRIWKHJDUGHQFLW\7KHKRXVHVDUHDPL[RI
&DOLIRUQLDQEXQJDORZVLQYRNLQJWKHGUHDPRIWKHµ$PHULFDQZD\RIOLIH¶ZLWKDVRUW RIQDwYHVW\OH(YLWD¶VSHUVRQDOWRXFKWKDWDOVRFKDUDFWHUL]HVRWKHUSURMHFWV6LQFHDOO WKHKROLGD\UHVLGHQFHVDUHDOVREXLOWLQWKLVVW\OHDELJSDUWRIWKH$UJHQWLQLDQZRUNHUV DQGPLGGOHFODVVIDPLOLHVDVVRFLDWHGLWZLWKWKHQLFHH[SHULHQFHRIVRPHWLPHVWKH¿UVW RUWKHRQO\KROLGD\VLQWKHLUOLYHV
/LNH+RZDUG¶VYHU\µUHDOLVWLF¶XWRSLD&LXGDG(YLWDLVQRWDUHYROXWLRQDU\SURMHFW EXWHPERGLHVWKHYDOXHVDQGWKHDHVWKHWLFVRIWKHPLGGOHFODVV(YHQWKRXJKWKHLGHDRI SURYLGLQJWKRXVDQGVRIIDPLOLHVZLWKDKRPHVLJQL¿HGDKXJHVRFLDODFKLHYHPHQWWKLV GLGQRW¿QGH[SUHVVLRQLQWKHDUFKLWHFWXUDOUHDOL]DWLRQRIWKLVSURMHFW7KHDUFKLWHFW¶V VFDOHZDVXVHGZLWKRXWLPDJLQDWLRQDQGWKHSURGXFWLVDWEHVWDNLQGRIGRPHVWLF PHGLRFUHXWRSLD
7KH&RQVWUXFWLRQRIWKH&LXGDG,QIDQWLOZHQWRQGD\DQGQLJKWIRU¿YHPRQWKVDQGWZHQW\GD\V ,WZDVFRPSOHWHGLQUHFRUGWLPHDQGLQDXJXUDWHGRQ-XO\6HHDERXWLWWKHDUWLFOHRI'RODQH /DUVRQ7KH$PDQGD$OOHQ&KLOGUHQ¶V&LW\LQKWWSZZZHYLWDSHURQRUJIXKWP
The ‘Little Utopia’ of the Children’s Republic: A Young Democracy between Motherland and Jail
,QWKHKLVWRU\RIXWRSLDVLQFOXGLQJDUFKLWHFWXUDORQHVWKHUHDUHPRUHDXGDFLRXV SURMHFWV,QWKHFRQWH[WRI/DWLQ$PHULFDLWLVLQWHUHVWLQJWREHDULQPLQGWKDW7KRPDV 0RUHZURWHKLV8WRSLDURXJKO\DWWKHWLPHZKHQWKHFRQWLQHQWZDVEHLQJFRQTXHUHG 6LQFHWKHQWKHUHKDYHEHHQPDQ\DWWHPSWVWREXLOGVXFKLGHDOVLQWKHVHµQHZ¶WHUULWRULHV
±IURPWKH-HVXLW0LVVLRQVLQ$UJHQWLQDDQG3DUDJXD\WRWKHµXWRSLDQFLWLHV¶SODQQHG E\6DUPLHQWR$JLRSROLVRU%ROLYDU/DV&DVDV0RURVL,Q$UJHQWLQDDV-XOLR 0RURVLSRLQWHGRXWRQHRIWKHVHSODQVZDVUHDOL]HGLQZLWKWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQRI WKH³FLW\RI-XOHV9HUQH´WKHIDQWDVWLFFLW\RI/D3ODWDQHDU%XHQRV$LUHV7KHSODQV IRUWKLVFLW\DOVRPDGHHFOHFWLFXVHRIVW\OHV±FRPPRQSODFHLQ$UJHQWLQLDQKLVWRU\
DQGDUFKLWHFWXUHGXHWRWKHGLYHUVLW\RILPPLJUDWLRQ±GUDZLQJRQDPRQJRWKHUVWKH 3DULVRI%DURQ+DXVVPDQQ9HUVDLOOHVDQG.DUOVUXKH7KLVPRGHOZRQWKHJROGPHGDO LQWKH([KLELWLRQRI3DULVLQDQGWKH)UHQFKPLQLVWHURI)RUHLJQ$IIDLUVVDLGWRWKH
$UJHQWLQLDQFRQVXO³<RXJRRQDPD]LQJWKHZRUOG´LELG
3UREDEO\ ZLWKRXW EHLQJ DZDUH RI WKLV DQHFGRWH EXW IROORZLQJ WKLV WUDGLWLRQ RI VRXWKHUQXWRSLDQSURMHFWVZKLFKµDPD]HWKHZRUOG¶(YLWDLQLWLDWHGDUHYROXWLRQDU\SURM- HFWRQWKHRXWVNLUWVRI/D3ODWDRQO\VL[W\\HDUVODWHU5HS~EOLFDGHORV1LxRV5HSXEOLF RI&KLOGUHQDPLQLDWXUHFLW\ZKHUHDOOWKHEXLOGLQJVDUHVFDOHGWRWKHKHLJKWRIWHQ
\HDUVROGFKLOGUHQDXQLTXHSURMHFWIRUWKLVWLPH,QDGGLWLRQLWLQYROYHGDV\PEROLF JHVWXUHRIQDWLRQDOL]DWLRQDQGGHPRFUDWL]DWLRQRIVSDFHV±WZRFRQFHSWVZKLFKZHUH FHQWUDOWRWKHSROLWLFDOYRFDEXODU\RISHURQLVPRWKLVWHUUDLQXVHGWREHWKHSURSHUW\RI WKH*ROI&OXEWKH(QJOLVKDULVWRFUDF\VHWWOHGLQ$UJHQWLQD
7KHDUFKLWHFWV/LPD*DOORDQG&XHQFDFRQFHLYHGDQRULJLQDOSX]]OHWKDWFRPELQHV DIDQWDV\ZRUOGEDVHGRQ$QGHUVHQ¶VDQG*ULPP¶VWDOHVZLWKWKHEDVLFGHPRFUDWLF LQVWLWXWLRQVRQDJURXQGRI¿IW\KHFWDUV7KHODWWHUVRFDOOHG&HQWUR&tYLFRLQFOXGHVD 3DUOLDPHQWDFRS\RIWKH%ULWLVK+RXVHVRI3DUOLDPHQWZLWKRQHWRZHULQVSLUHGE\WKH 3DODFHRIWKH6LJQRUDGH)ORUHQFLDD3DODFHRI-XVWLFH*RWKLFVW\OHD*RYHUQPHQW +RXVHDQGEXLOGLQJVIRUWKHWKUHHIRUFHVRIWKHDUP\DOOLQDFKLOG¶VVL]H$SDUWIURP WKH WKUHH EUDQFKHV RI SROLWLFDO SRZHU WKHUH DUH EXLOGLQJV WKDW UHSUHVHQW WKH VSKHUHV RIHFRQRP\DQGUHOLJLRQD&DWKROLFFKXUFK1RUPDQVW\OHZLWKVWDLQHGJODVVLQVLGH DQGRIFRXUVHDEDQNLQVSLUHGE\WKH'XFDO3DODVWRI9HQLFH)LQDOO\WKHFKLOGUHQ¶V UHSXEOLFDOVRLQFOXGHVRWKHUVSKHUHVRIVRFLRHFRQRPLFOLIHVXFKDVDVPDOOUDGLRVWDWLRQ WKDWUHSUHVHQWVWKHµIRXUWKSRZHU¶DVZHOODVDQDLUSRUWDUDLOZD\DQGDSHWUROVWDWLRQ DIDUPZLWKVPDOODQLPDOVDQGDQDUWL¿FLDOODNHVKLHOGHGRIIE\DFXVWRPVFRQWURO7KH ZRUOGVRIWKHFKLOGUHQ¶VVWRULHVVXFKDV3HWHU3DQRU/LWWOH5HG5LGLQJ+RRGERUGHU WKH ODNH DQG FDQ EH UHDFKHG E\ VKLS 7KH ZKROH SURMHFW WKXV FRPELQHV LPDJLQDWLRQ ZLWKWKHSROLWLFDOVSKHUHRIJRYHUQPHQWDQGMXVWLFHDQGWKHZRUOGRISURGXFWLRQ±WKH
7KHZRUNRI0RURVLLVDOVRHVVHQWLDOWRXQGHUVWDQGWKHXWRSLDQSODQQLQJDQGKLVWRU\RIWKHFLW\RI/D Plata.
ODWWHUHSLWRPL]HGE\WKHIDUPRQHRIWKHSLOODUVRIWKH$UJHQWLQLDQHFRQRPLFPRGHODW WKHWLPHHYHQWKRXJKWKHSHURQLVPRVXSSRUWHGWKHLQGXVWULDOL]DWLRQRIWKHODQGWKHUH DUHQRIDFWRULHVLQWKH5HS~EOLFD
)URPWKHDUFKLWHFWXUDOSRLQWRIYLHZWKLVLVDQDPD]LQJDQGRULJLQDOFRQVWUXF- WLRQFKLHÀ\EHFDXVHWKHVPDOOVL]HµGHPRFUDWL]HV¶WKHEXLOGLQJVDVIDUDV,NQRZWKH
¿UVWFRQVWUXFWLRQRIWKLVNLQGLQWKHZRUOGEXWDOVREHFDXVHWKHIDQWDVWLFDUFKLWHFWXUH FRPELQHVHOHPHQWVIURPWKHPRVWGLYHUVHFXOWXUDOLQKHULWDQFHVWKH3DODFHRI&XOWXUH LV LQVSLUHG E\ D PL[WXUH RI WKHTaj Mahal RXWVLGH DQG WKHPatio de Leones of the Alhambra LQVLGHWKH3DODFHRI-XVWLFHLV1RUWKHUQ*RWKLFWKH3DUOLDPHQWLV*RWKLF 5HYLYDO WKH KRXVHV LQ WKH VWUHHW DUH *HUPDQFachwerkhäuser 7KH PRVW EHDXWLIXO SDUWDUHWKHURRIV³>7@KH\UHSUHVHQWHGDOOWKHVW\OHVRIWKHQLFHUURRIVLQWKHZKROH ZRUOG«2OGURRIVIURPOHJHQGVGLI¿FXOWWREXLOG´UHPHPEHUVWKHVLWHVXSHUYLVRU 1HLI$QXQ%DUFDJOLRQLHWDOS,WLVLQWHUHVWLQJ WRDGGWKDWPRVWRIWKH ZRUNHUVZKREXLOWWKHFRPSOH[ZHUHLPPLJUDQWVVRWKDWQRWRQO\WKHGHVLJQEXWHYHQ WKHFRQVWUXFWLRQRIWKLVFXOWXUDOPRVDLFZDVLPEXHGZLWKWKLVIUXLWIXOGLYHUVLW\7KH DUFKLWHFWXUDOVW\OHVZHUHQRWRQO\VHOHFWHGIRUDHVWKHWLFEXWDOVRIRUSROLWLFDOUHDVRQV 7KH\ZHUHWRHYRNHDQGFRQYRNHGLIIHUHQWWUDGLWLRQVZLWKWKHLUµYDOXHV¶±RUDWOHDVW WKHFOLFKpVRIWKHODWWHUWKHµWUDQVSDUHQF\¶RIWKH'XWFKOHJDODGPLQLVWUDWLRQ3DODFHRI -XVWLFHWKH$QJOR6D[RQPRGHORIGHPRFUDF\3DUOLDPHQWRUWKHWHFKQRORJLFDODQG VFLHQWL¿FDFKLHYHPHQWVRIWKH$UDELFFXOWXUHDQGWKH2ULHQW3DODFHRI&XOWXUH
+RZHYHUWKHSROLWLFDOGLPHQVLRQRIWKLVSURMHFWLVMXVWDVDPD]LQJ7KHDLPZDV WRSURYLGHWKHFKLOGUHQZLWKDµUHDOUHSXEOLF¶ZLWKWKHLURZQSDUOLDPHQWDULDQVMXGJHV SROLFHDQGPLOLWDU\$OHJHQGWHOOVWKDW:DOW'LVQH\ZDVVRIDVFLQDWHGE\KLVYLVLWWKDW WKH5HS~EOLFDGHORV1LxRVEHFDPHDPRGHOIRUKLV'LVQH\:RUOG,QIDFWWKHVHWZR FRPSOH[HVDUHVWULNLQJO\VLPLODUDOWKRXJK'LVQH\:RUOGLVPHUHO\DµIDQWDV\ZRUOG¶
ZLWKRXWWKHSROLWLFDOGLPHQVLRQWKDWOD\DWWKHKHDUWRI(YLWD¶VSURMHFW<HWWKLVKHDUW ZDVQHYHUUHDOO\EHDWLQJ7KHFKLOGUHQ¶VUHSXEOLFZDVDOZD\VSHUFHLYHGDVDNLQGRI µ7KLUG :RUOG 'LVQH\ :RUOG¶ :KLOH PRVW RI WKH $UJHQWLQLDQ FKLOGUHQ UHPHPEHU WR KDYHEHHQWKHUHWKHLUPHPRULHVXVXDOO\LQFOXGHSOD\LQJZLWKIDLULHVRUWUDYHOOLQJLQD OLWWOHVKLSEXWQRWSDUWLFLSDWLQJLQGHPRFUDF\(YHQWKHQDPHRIWKHUHSXEOLFFKDQJHG ZLWKWKHGLIIHUHQWGLFWDWRUVKLSVLW¿UVWEHFDPH&KLOGUHQ¶V/DQGDQGWKHQ&KLOGUHQ¶V
&LW\WKXVORVLQJWKHUHSXEOLFDQFRPSRQHQWWRDJHRJUDSKLFWHUP
2YHU WLPH WKH SODFH ZDV DEDQGRQHG DQG IRUJRWWHQ 2QO\ LQ IRU LWV WK DQQLYHUVDU\WKHUHSXEOLFZDVUHQRYDWHGWKHUHKDVEHHQDUHYLYDORIWKHSHGDJRJLFDO SURMHFWVDQGWKHUHKDYHDOVREHHQDWWHPSWVWRUHFRQVWUXFWWKHVPDOOGHPRFUDWLFLQVWLWX-
7KHUHKDGDOUHDG\EHHQVHYHUDOSHGDJRJLFDODWWHPSWVWRFUHDWHV\VWHPVRI³FKLOGUHQ¶VGHPRFUDF\´
EHIRUHWKLVSURMHFW7KHPRVWIDPRXVDQGLQWHUHVWLQJDPRQJWKHVHZDVFDUULHGRXWE\-DQXV].RUF]DN LQKLVRUSKDQDJHVLQ3RODQGDWWKHEHJLQQLQJRIWKHWZHQWLHWKFHQWXU\7KHVHSHGDJRJLFDOH[SHULPHQWV LQFOXGHGDFKLOGUHQ¶VRZQ3DUOLDPHQWDQGFRXUWVRIMXVWLFH+RZHYHU(YLWDKDGSUREDEO\QRWKHDUG RIWKHVHIRUHUXQQHUVZKHQVKHSODQQHGWKHFKLOGUHQ¶VUHSXEOLF$ERXW.RU]FDF¶VSURMHFWVHH5XEHQ 1DUDQMR-DQXV].RUF]DN0DHVWURGHODKXPDQLGDG%XHQRV$LUHV1RYHGDGHV(GXFDWLYDV (GLWRULDO0LOi
WLRQV7RGD\WKHYLVLWRUPD\EHFRQIURQWHGZLWKDYDULHW\RIVFHQHVWKDWGHPRQVWUDWH DFHUWDLQSROLWLFDOHFOHFWLFLVPRQWKHRQHKDQGWKHUHLVDGHVHUYHGH[KLELWLRQRIWKH
$EXHODVGH3OD]DGH0D\RWKDWGHDOVZLWKWKHFKLOGUHQZKRGLVDSSHDUHGGXULQJWKHODVW PLOLWDU\GLFWDWRUVKLSDQGZLWKWKHULJKWWRKDYHDQLGHQWLW\72QWKHRWKHUKDQGWKHDX- WKRUZDVSUHYHQWHGIURPHQWHULQJWKH+RXVHVRI3DUOLDPHQWGXULQJKHUYLVLWEHFDXVHLW ZDVEHLQJXVHGIRUDFDWHFKLVPFODVV6XUUHDOLVPKLGGHQLQ$UJHQWLQD¶VHYHU\GD\OLIH 2QHRIWKHTXHVWLRQVWKDWUHPDLQVWREHDQVZHUHGLVZK\DUHJLPHZLWKDXWKRUL- WDULDQIHDWXUHVOLNH3HUyQ¶VFDUULHGRXWVXFKDSURJUHVVLYHDQGGHPRFUDWLFSURMHFWWKDW DLPHGWRWHDFKFKLOGUHQWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIGHPRFUDF\QRWRQO\LQWKHUROHVWKH\ZRXOG SOD\WKHUHEXWDOVRLQWKHFRQFUHWHH[SHULHQFHRIWKRVHVSDFHV$QGZK\GLGDUFKLWHFWV DQGSHGDJRJXHVQRWRQO\LQ$UJHQWLQLDQKLVWRULRJUDSK\EXWDOVRLQWKHLQWHUQDWLRQDO DUFKLWHFWXUDOSROLWLFDODQGHGXFDWLRQDOGHEDWHLJQRUHWKLVLPDJLQDWLYHXVHRIWKHDUFKL- WHFW¶VDQGSROLWLFDOVFDOHWKDWHQJHQGHUHGWKHFKLOGUHQ¶VUHSXEOLF"
The Fascist Utopia: A Giant without a Shirt
“To decipher discourse through the use of spatial, strategic metaphors enables one to grasp precisely the points at which discourses are transformed in, through and on the basis of relations of power.” Michel Foucault 8 7KHVHTXHVWLRQVEHFRPHHYHQPRUHSX]]OLQJLIRQHWKLQNVRI(YLWD¶VRWKHUDUFKL- WHFWXUDOSURMHFWWKHODVWRQH,ZLOOSUHVHQWKHUH6KHZDQWHGWREXLOGD³0RQXPHQWR DOGHVFDPLVDGR´DQ$UJHQWLQLDQ&RORVVXVPHWUHVKLJK±DOPRVWDVELJDV1RWUH 'DPHDQGWKXVDVWKLVFRPSDUDWLYHPRGHOVKRZVPHWUHVKLJKHUWKDQWKH6WDWXH RI /LEHUW\ DQG WKUHH WLPHV DV ELJ DV WKH &KULVW LQ 5LR GH -DQHLUR $V ,JQDFLR -DZ- WXVFKHQWNRSRLQWHGRXWLQKLVUHFHQWO\SXEOLVKHGDUWLFOHDERXWWKHLQFUHGLEOHVWRU\RI WKLV PRQXPHQW (YLWD LQWHQGHG WR EXLOG WKH KLJKHVW PRQXPHQW LQ WKH ZRUOG IRU WKH Descamisado de la PatriaVKHKDGEHHQYHU\LPSUHVVHGE\1DSROHRQ¶VWRPELQ3DULV -DZWXVFKHQWNRSHWVHT:KHQVKHVDZWKHSODQVKHUFRPPHQWVRXQGHGDO- PRVWLURQLF³,WLVQLFHEHFDXVHLWLVELJDQGVLPSOH´)ROORZLQJWKHQHFURSKLOLFWUDGLWLRQ XVXDOO\FXOWLYDWHGE\IDVFLVWUHJLPHVWKHSODQZDVWREXU\WKHUHPDLQVRIDQDQRQ\- PRXVGHVFDPLVDGRLQWKHVDPHSODFH0RUHRYHU(YLWDKHUVHOIZDQWHGWREHEXULHGLQ WKLVKXJHPDXVROHXP
6 For a more detailed description of the process see Barcaglioni et al, op. cit.
$EXHODVGH3OD]DGH0D\RLVDQRUJDQL]DWLRQRIPRWKHUVRI³GHVDSDUHFLGRV´SHRSOHNLGQDSSHG and killed by the military regime) who are looking for their grandchildren – more than 500 babies where NLGQDSSHGE\VROGLHUVZKRNLOOHGWKHLUSDUHQWVDQGJDYHWKHPDQRWKHU³LGHQWLW\´7KH$EXHODVKDYHIRXQG FKLOGUHQVLQFHDQGDUHVWLOOWU\LQJWR¿QGPRUHDVVHUWLQJWKHULJKWRIWKHFKLOGUHQWRKDYHDQ identity. For more information see: http://www.abuelas.org.ar/
4XRWHGLQ3HUU\'DYLG&0DNLQJVSDFH3ODQQLQJDVD0RGHRI7RXJKWLQ/LJHWW+HOHQDQG '&3HUU\6SDWLDOSUDFWLFHV/RQGRQ6DJH3XEOLFDWLRQV
7KLVFRORVVDOIDVFLVWPXVFOHPDQEXLOWLQWKHEHVWWRWDOLWDULDQVW\OHZDVSODQQHG DQGFDUULHGRXWLQWKHVDPH\HDUDVWKHIDQWDVWLFPLQLDWXUHGHPRFUDF\RIWKH5HS~EOLFD GHORV1LxRVZLWKLWVKHDUWKRIGHPRFUDWLFLQVWLWXWLRQV)XUWKHUPRUHWKLVLVQRWWKH RQO\RQHRI(YLWD¶VSURMHFWVWKDWFDUULHVIDVFLVWWUDLWV)RUH[DPSOHDELUG¶VH\HYLHZ RIWKHSLFWXUHVTXH&LXGDG(YLWDVKRZV(YLWD¶VSUR¿OH±DFKDUDFWHULVWLFIHDWXUHRIWR- WDOLWDULDQ DUFKLWHFWXUH $UJHQWLQLDQ ³KLVWRU\ JRVVLS´ KDV LW WKDW DQRWKHU FLW\ ZDV WR EHEXLOWIRU3HUyQ¶VSUR¿OHWRIDFHKHUV,QGHHGWKHWRXFKRIWKHSHURQLVWLGHRORJ\LV VRPHKRZDOVRHYLGHQWLQWKH5HS~EOLFDGHORV1LxRVQRWRQO\ZDVWKHDUP\SURYLGHG ZLWKDQXPEHURIELJEXLOGLQJV9EXWWKHUHSXEOLFDOVRKDGDVPDOOMDLOLQWKHFHOODURI WKH3DODFHRI-XVWLFH7KLVLPSUHVVLRQLVIXUWKHUHQKDQFHGE\DQHFGRWDOHYLGHQFH)RU WKHUHSXEOLF¶VLQDXJXUDWLRQFKLOGDXWKRULWLHVZHUHHOHFWHGDPRQJWKHPER\VSOD\LQJ JUHQDGLHUV,QRUGHUWREHDEOHWRGRWKHLUMRESURSHUO\WKH\HYHQOHDUQHGWRULGHSRQLHV +RZHYHURQHVPDOOGHWDLOZDVPLVVLQJWKHJXQV3URIHVVRU-RVp0DULD/XQD]]L ZKRZDVOHDGLQJWKH$VVRFLDWLRQRI7R\V3URGXFHUVCámara de los JuguetesZDVD SDFL¿VWDQGRSSRVHGWKHSURGXFWLRQRIZDUWR\V1HYHUWKHOHVVKHKDGWR¿QGDFUDIWV- PDQZKRTXLFNO\SURGXFHGWKHJXQV3HUyQZDVQRWUHDG\WRLQDXJXUDWHWKHFKLOGUHQ¶V UHSXEOLFZLWKRXWWKHPKHQHYHUIRUJRWWKDWKHZDVWKH*HQHUDO%DUFDJOLRQLHWDORS FLWS
(YLWDGLHGLQDQGLQWKHUHZDVDPLOLWDU\UHYROWDJDLQVW3HUyQRevolu- ción Libertadora7KHDUP\KDWHG3HUyQEXWDERYHDOOWKH\KDWHG(YLWD$VDQRWKHU WRWDOLWDULDQUHJLPHZDVLQVWDOOHGWKH$UJHQWLQLDQVZHUHIRUELGGHQE\ODZWRSURQRXQFH WKHQDPHVRI3HUyQDQG(YLWDRUWKHLUUHODWLYHV'HFUHWR/H\(YLWD¶VHPEDOPHG ERG\ZDVVWROHQ3HUyQVRXJKWSROLWLFDODV\OXPZLWKKLVIULHQG6WURHVVQHULQ3DUDJXD\
DQGVXEVHTXHQWO\ZLWKKLVRWKHUOR\DOIULHQG*HQHUDO)UDQFR
$QGZKDWUHPDLQVRI(YLWD¶VKXJHDUFKLWHFWXUDOSURMHFWV"6RPHRIWKHPVXFKDV WKHKRVSLWDOVDQGWKHKROLGD\UHVLGHQFHVDUHVWLOOµDOLYH¶0DQ\RIWKHEXLOGLQJVZHUH PLVDSSURSULDWHG E\ WKH DUP\ 2WKHUV OLNH WKH &LXGDG ,QIDQWLO $PDQGD $OOHQ ZHUH FRPSOHWHO\GHVWUR\HGDQGRQO\VXUYLYHLQUXLQV7KH5HS~EOLFDGHORV1LxRVZDVDV , KDYH DOUHDG\ PHQWLRQHG DEDQGRQHG DQG EHFDPH PHUHO\ DQ DPXVHPHQW SDUN 7KH 0RQXPHQWRDO'HVFDPLVDGRZDVQHYHU¿QLVKHGSDUWVRILWDUHVWLOOEHORZWKHJURXQG RI%XHQRV$LUHV6RPHVWDWXHVRIWKHFRPSRVLWLRQVZKLFKZHUHPDGHWRGHFRUDWHWKH PDXVROHXPOLNH³7KHVRFLDO-XVWLFH´RU³7KH5LJKWVRIWKH:RUNHUV´ZHUHEHKHDGHG DQGWKURZQLQWRWKH5LDFKXHOR-DZWXVFKHQWNRRSFLWWKHVDPHULYHUWKDWWKLUW\\HDUV ODWHUVHUYHGWKHDUP\WRGHSRVHRILWVYLFWLPV
7KHXVHRIDUFKLWHFWXUHE\DXWKRULWDULDQUHJLPHVKDVDORQJVWRU\±KHUHLQ%HUOLQ LWLVHQRXJKWRUHPHPEHUWKHDUFKLWHFWRI+LWOHU$OEHUW6SHHU%XWZKDWLVLQWHUHVWLQJ DERXW(YLWD¶VSURMHFWVLVWKHFRQWUDGLFWLRQVRUPD\EHWKHGLDOHFWLFVLQKHUHQWLQWKHP WKHPL[WXUHRIDXWKRULWDULDQDQGGHPRFUDWLFLGHDOV7KHEXLOGLQJRIDPLQLDWXUHFLW\LQ- YROYHGERWKWKHGHPRFUDWL]DWLRQRIDUFKLWHFWXUHIRUFKLOGUHQDQGWKHFRQFHSWXDOL]DWLRQ
7RGD\DIWHUWKHH[SHULHQFHRIWKHODVWGLFWDWRUVKLSWKHVHEXLOGLQJVDUHXVHGIRUGLIIHUHQWSXUSRVHV VXFKDVDSURMHFWRQFKLOGUHQDQGVFLHQFHFDUULHGRXWE\WKH8QLYHUVLW\RI/D3ODWD
RIWKH$UJHQWLQLDQVRFLHW\DVDELJNLQGHUJDUWHQWKDWVKHZDVµPDQDJLQJ¶WKHZRUOGDV DFROOHFWLRQRISRVWFDUGVPD\EH
References
%DUFDJOLRQL*DEULHODHWDO/D5HS~EOLFDGHORV1LxRV$FLQFXHQWDDxRVGHVXFUHDFLyQ/D Plata: La Comuna Ediciones.
-DZWXVFKHQWNR,JQDFLR/DRFWDYDPDUDYLOOD,Q3iJLQD5DGDU%XHQRV$LUHV 0RURVL-XOLR$&LXGDGGHOD3ODWD7UHVGpFDGDVGHUHÀH[LRQHVDFHUFDGHXQVLQJXODUHVSDFLR
urbano. La Plata: C.I.C.
3HWULQD$OEHUWR/DDUTXLWHFWXUDGHODUHYROXFLyQSHURQLVWDHQODREUDGH'DQLHO6DQWRUR,Q 'DQLHO6DQWRUR0DQXDOGHOQLxRSHURQLVWD%XHQRV$LUHV/D0DUFD
