Trans-African

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TERENO Bonn, 1 October 2014

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Trans-African

Hydro-Meteorological Observatory

Nick van de Giesen

(n.c.vandegiesen@tudelft.nl)

John Selker (OSU)

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Outline

• Flashflood & DTS

• Approach

• Design

• Operation

• Education

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Distributed Temperature Sensing

• Fiber optic cable

• Laser pulse (5 ns)

• Reflections

Flashfloods & DTS

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Principles DTS

Time of flight (1 m resolution)

v = c/n = (3 x 10

⁸

)/1.5 = 2 x 10

⁸

m/s

Flashfloods & DTS

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Principles DTS

Flashfloods & DTS

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Principles DTS Specs

• 1 m spatial resolution

• Cable up to 5 km (50 km?)

• 30 s temporal resolution

• 0.01 K (30’ integration)

Flashfloods & DTS

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Principles DTS Specs

Flashfloods & DTS

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Flash floods Stream

Flashfloods & DTS

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Flash floods

Leak detection irrigation

Coleambally

Flashfloods & DTS

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Flash floods

Leak detection irrigation

Coleambally

http://youtu.be/KapqCCnQzdc

Flashfloods & DTS

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Background

WMO Stations

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Irrigatie

12

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Background

WMO Stations

5,000

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Background

WMO Stations

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Background

WMO Stations

5,000

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Background

Leapfrog: 20,000 TAHMO Stations!

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Background

Remote Sensing Model

Ground

Observations

Data assimilation

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Background

Remote Sensing Model

Ground

Observations

Data assimilation

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Approach

• Design

• Operation

• Education

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Approach

Design P,R

_sd

,R

_ld

, u

T, RH

T, , 

GPS, GPRS

camera, mic

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Approach

Design

$500 20,000

(35 km)

P,R

_sd

,R

_ld

, u T, RH

T, , 

GPS, GPRS

camera, mic

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Design

Use existing sensors

•

Automotive

•

Household

ZyTemp TN9

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Design

Principles

• Robust

• No moving parts

• No cavities

• Cheap (<$500)

• Self calibrating

• Cross calibrating

Picture: Jens Liebe

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Design

Principles

• Robust

• No moving parts

• No cavities

• Cheap (<$500)

• Self calibrating

• Cross calibrating

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25

Design

Principles

• Robust

• No moving parts

• No cavities

• Cheap (<$500)

• Self calibrating

• Cross calibrating

Picture: Jens Liebe

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Design

Principles

• Robust

• No moving parts

• No cavities

• Cheap (<$500)

• Self calibrating

• Cross calibrating

Picture: Jens Liebe

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Design

Precipitation

P,R

_sd

,R

_ld

, u T, RH

T, , 

GPS, GPRS

camera, mic

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Design

Precipitation

Coen Degen

Piezo ceramic element

(+ other)

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Design

Precipitation

Coen Degen

Piezo ceramic element

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Design

Precipitation

Coen Degen

10 7,34

s 8 10

E   ^ D

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Design

One sensor down… n to go!

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Design

Present

model

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Operation

Costs (M$)

• Construction 10

• Design 2

• Educational package 2

• Role out 8

• Computation / RS 4 Total 26 M$

Running costs 2 M$/yr

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Operation

Business case

Needed: $ 2M / yr

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Operation

Business case: Commodity hedging

• Cotton

• Coffee

• Tea

• Cocao

• …

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Operation

Business case: Insurance

• Droughts

• Floods

• Diseases?

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Education

Role out TAHMO High schools

curriculum

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Education

Role out TAHMO

School-to-School

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Education

• Associate with schools

• Develop environmental education package

• Teach children about their environment

• Teach children about their environmental

connectedness

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Education

Universities

• Nairobi

• Akure

Sensor Design Competition

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Next steps

Pilots

• Ghana

• Kenya

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