• Keine Ergebnisse gefunden

Writing Tips for Economics Research Papers

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Aktie "Writing Tips for Economics Research Papers"

Copied!
39
0
0

Wird geladen.... (Jetzt Volltext ansehen)

Volltext

(1)

Munich Personal RePEc Archive

Writing Tips for Economics Research Papers

Nikolov, Plamen

State University of York (at Binghamton), Harvard Institute for Quantitative Social Science, IZA Institute of Labor Economics

31 July 2020

Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/105088/

MPRA Paper No. 105088, posted 07 Jan 2021 08:51 UTC

(2)

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

23456894698895655498599456489588559949469 499599566464695899455866596955694 9485 98595!9"#$%&'5(9)98!9*968 456899459889956996!8954+9956,-.69499 9596964/..,8/.0124648946"88858996 496686!89!8$83499834345659)59' 6*54974'&4*958#58955#9899968564695489 45689

96985:49;<)5'9989+9956345659)59'6*549789 +995611..=6<'+6*549)50>,./43:+5;5'99?96488

345659)59'6*5497

@:659#9+9956

!8659A5539535

8 9#925%59

B B B B

CDE F E GHB IE JKB L MDB NOMGMPE OKB QRKRSDOTB USJRDK 2 B

< )5 '9 9

8

3456659;/././.

V B

(3)

1

45 7898 9 8

!"##$%"&& "' '&()##*+##,& -%)%./.#$#.%0 . %.&.%1 23&.%#3&%1"##$%")#1%"("%.%" ))/ )/4.' &.)%. .3( !"#1%4$'%%" )

'#-)$& &./%&56#3& "' '&#3)! )&#%1)%1.". )#0)./) .!.#7%&.%1

"##$%"&& "56#3& "' '&#3)!!$#&. .. ./#3$#*#8)!1 -) ! )/.%" -#3. '')%!$%"#"##$%"&%&&3&. 8%../!%.#% )8%.+#9:86#*9%$&5 9#.%&!(/#3&#3)!'&.0%!"("%.)%. .3(7') %"##$%". !;#++&( ! ''# "

/#3". ).&%&+#$ )/.%"'&'".%05<.3!.&#"" &%# ))/.$'.!.#&. /%.#

#'%%#;' 1#.#. .&$-)&=#3 )%&.%"8%.%159%&%&#..'3'#&#+"##$%"&

& "' '&5

9 "%1"##$%"&8%.%1%& &&.% ) &'".#+"#$$3%" .%11##!"##$%"&& "

8))56#38%))1.)#81 !%+/#38%.%1%&>

?@31 $$ .%" )

?@3")

?@=#3 )%&.%"

+/#3 0.#3-)8%.%11 $$ .%" ))/(') &) 0/#3&)+&#$7..%$ !1#.# 8%.%1.3.# ..A%0&%./,&%.%1B&#3"C.5C)%./%&'%#%./%"##$%"&8%.%15 D##.8#/ -#3.&#3!%1& '%+/#38%.%1%&") 5

E"##$%&.& 0' .%"3)8%.%1&./). .%&3&+3).#) %+/#38 ..#-. *&%#3&)/ -/#."##$%&.&5F)#8()%&.1 )#.& !.#31.& -#3.&#$&&.% )+ .3&#+. G"##$%"&&./)H#+8%.%159!&% -).# !8%.%1&./)%&7$')%+%!-/&#$#+. ';0%8!' '&)%&.!#.&/)) -3&5<#$#+.&./)%&.%"+ .3&$ /&$-%./(-3.

/#3&#3)!+#))#8.$ /8 /5

?@I 0#.'&..&5I#%&. ">GJ3)) % . K1LLLM+%!&. .555H#G.%&' '( ..$'..#5555H

?@A&+#$ )%;.7."%. .%#&+#-##*& !.%")&5D##.!&"%-.$%/#38%.%1

N@%.>GJ3)) % . K1LLLM+%!&. .555H

N@D##.8%.>G<!%)J3)) % . (%1LLO=#3 ).%")5555H

?@A&. ".%00#%"5D#:P93&.' &&%00#%"5:#.#)/%&. ".%0$#++%"%. 3&#+) 13 1(%.%&$3" &%.# !59#!#.%&($ *&3.&3-=".#+.&."%&

.#!#%1. ".%##+.0-K&M#+.&."5Q#.3&+3).%'%&.# 0#%! / 3""& /3&#+.0-G.#-H5E7 $')>

N@%.>G"#))".!! . RH

N@D##.8%.>GD .8 &"#))".!RH

?@D%". !&%$')&."&(80'#&&%-)(.$#&.++".%08 /&.#!)%0

$&& 15

?@A&GH8/#3$ GH !3&G8H8/#3$ G85H

N@S&# )'##3&K(8(&T(.$(."5M ""'. -)%"##$%"&8%.%15

(4)

1

46789797779877 789!99787"

77897877#

4$%7779"99%"87####

&'797889(9788#678987878 97#)77#

&*77787897788997 ##9###+978"789 7999, 69-./012345678####

&98797"998997898 8#)9 )87###:)878)9 7""997###78979999"99""8"87,87#;9 88997978#

4!8978<978887987"8 8897#

4'978999987"9877 7898878988#

&=7>7797"7878"988878797 887"7#

467899"7889897999997779 9%8797978879?79797#

4

&%"78887879977>77979778 888998797#

4;79778877979979 78#

&=78#;787888778#@779788#

&<9979789#

4A789788899788#

4?9#

4B788997(997879"7879#

4%"99797783787888897#

&979939>88788978939## 7C778#

&$889#

&'79(87#

4'78777888989#

4A(879"98979978778989 87#

&*7778787#

&'79878#6789979788777:8 787789D77D#

&!789)98779"779979 98"87####)988979#

&'797"788797#

4?89"799797"97"78797788#

(5)

1

46789888888

88988

4 8!88888789"#7778$8%889$8 8#%8

&8$88'8$78$7 8

68888#7$87#88#((8#$8 88%8)*%88$878888678897 7878+,-

889888%888

4.8$88798$8!88788

88$8

467"88%888$$897$/8-7 88

40$878788"88$8#78#788789 81%"

28$8$%89%888$9345977786 45977786/887$8977567 5978$6975978$6"

878$8!9#%89988$99*#$88 889

:7"878*-8$8780#8$;8*<8 882878$=#

>

(6)

1

445 789 8

!"" !#!#!#$%&' %(#)'*' '&%"&"%)%'#'&)"!"+

,-./012/3341526372819:2730-;/3-272<=2/0>?>10@A0-3134-6B2C7-7271>?0?.0?>4@

D-63-99-7.341271:1730?9:2730-;/3-272061810?9:0-3-:?9:2730-;/3-2762<=2/0>?>10C-993?E16251 :276:-173-2/634-7E-7.@F2/C-99711B3234-7E:?01</99=?;2/3=2/0C20EG-36510-36G?7B-36510-36-7 019?3-27321H-63-7.0161?0:4@I3C-99:?/616251:2763107?3-27;1:?/61=2/C-9901?9-J142C5/:4

<025=2/0>?>10=2/5?=711B32:/32/3@K2C1810G27:1=2/B2-3G=2/0>?>10L6<2:/6C-99;15201 30?76>?0173G-366320=9-71;1331001.?0B-7.:9?-51B:2730-;/3-276G?7B-3C-99419>01?B10632.13-3 M/-:E9=@

N6C-34?7=34-7.1961-7=2/0C0-3-7.G;1:27:0131@D2723C0-31GOI?7?9=J1BB?3?27341KIP 1>-B15-:?7B<2/7B5?7=-7310163-7.016/936@QRH>9?-7C4?33415263:0-3-:?9016/936?01@,20 1H?5>91GS6310TUVWUX63?036410?;630?:3C-34YOI163-5?31;14?8-20?9016>2761/6-7.?71C

-7630/5173?98?0-?;916630?31.=G-7630/5173-7.<20KIP>018?917:1C-34B-63?7:13234120-.-72<341 8-0/6@I<-7B?92C016>276127?810?.1G:276-63173C-341H-63-7.9-310?3/01G;/39?0.10016>27616<20 34261C42<?:192C10727ZKIP5203?9-3=?7B<2034261C42?010-:410@Q

A417=2/C0-31=2/0>?>10?7B9?==2/0?0./5173G=2/642/9B34-7E2<=2/001?B106?6810= -5>?3-173>12>91C42LB5/:40?3410B22341034-7.634?73201?B=2/0>?>10@[26301?B1066E-5

>?>10662C0-31=2/0>?>10C-343415-7B61334?3=2/001?B106C-996E-5-3@\234-617BG=2/642/9B 5?E1-31?6=<2001?B10632.13341>0-5?0=016/936?7B3415?-7>/7:49-712<=2/0>?>10@S79=? 4?7B</92<01?B106GC42?0181631B-7=2/0C20EG34132>-:204?>>1732C20E341>?03-:/9?06/;<-19B -7C4-:4=2/0>?>10-6C-99B-81-7323416>1:-<-:B13?-96?7B7/?7:162<=2/L01=2/0>?>10B-<<106

<0251H-63-7.0161?0:4@

F2/0C0-3-7.3271642/9B7235-5-:?]2/07?9-63-:3271G;/3=2/0<0?5-7.?7B/7<29B-7.2<=2/0 5?-7?0./5173T?391?63-7341I7302B/:3-2761:3-27X642/9B5-5-:E341630/:3/012<?71C6>?>10

?03-:91Y

F2/642/9B?9C?=6:2781=-73415263-5>203?73?6>1:362<3416320=<-063@I7]2/07?9-65G?

>2>/9?01H>0166-27<2034-6-B1?-6OB27L3;/0=34191?BQ@NBB-3-27?9?7B61:27B?0=B13?-96:?7;1:?7

<91641B2/3G;/3279=?<3103415?-7-B1?-6>0161731B<-063@\4161:27B?0=B13?-96?>>1?09?310279=<20 01?B106C42?01-73101631B-701?B-7.</03410@

S0.?7-J1=2/06320=?7B-365?-7>/7:49-71-7341I7302B/:3-2761:3-27-7?O30-?7./9?0Q630/:3/01@

N66227?6=2/>016173=2/06>1:-<-:5?-70161?0:4M/163-2734?3=2/C-99?BB0166G>0161733415263 -5>203?73<-7B-7.62<=2/0>?>10@N<310=2/>016173341>0-5?0=<-7B-7.6G<-99-7T-<71:166?0=X3410163 2<341I7302B/:3-2761:3-27C-34;?:E.02/7BB13?-96@

D2723C0-310161?0:40161?0:4>?>1069-E15=6310=728196@[=6310=7281963=>-:?99=4?81?927.

C-7B/>/73-9341=.1332341<-7?9>/7:49-7120B172/15173@A0-3-7.?0161?0:4>?>10-7?5=6310= 7281963=91-6?01:->1<20<?-9/01@\4-6C-995263:103?-79=?772=61?6271B01?B1062<?:?B15-: 0161?0:4>?>106@

I76103341>/7:49-710-.43/><0273G?<310=2/-7302B/:13415?-70161?0:4M/163-27@\417G>02:11B 321H>9?-7-3692C9=@

^_`1?B106C-9972363-:E?02/7B32<-7B341>/7:49-71-7>?.1WV20\?;91WU@

^_\41>/7:49-71;1927.6>025-71739=?7B1?09=-7341I7302B/:3-2761:3-27@I3642/9B;1>9?:1B 6251C4101-7341<-063<1C>?0?.0?>46G?<310=2/-7302B/:1=2/06>1:-<-:0161?0:4M/163-27@

(7)

1

4678977887877 7877788878788!98 878777

"

(8)

1

4445 789 4 9

599

!"#$"!"% &'()&!*+ ,&-&#!!$- &.#*!)/*!&)0!1!*,22)&+!()(&3 -#0+ ,-#44-&#!)!!5&+$% $0+ ,)5)0!,)4&*,4!*)$%!#$.!& ,6!()(&7* 0 $!&#/,!# $*8)$%!9$!& %,0!# $*0!# $:;&#!!*()&!*<!&24+04)&4+3-#!*#2(4 4)$6,)6)$%0 $0#*4+=

;&#!#$6!#&*!*$!$0#*!)&%*!*!(:&)&2,4!#(4)((& )0*! ($,(!*!)6 &+ ,&(4)+)$%0)(!#5)!+ ,&),%#$07*)!!$!# $:> 3+ ,-#44)5!<&0#** 20&)!#5#!+:

? ,&()(&2,*!/#$!&*!#$6 $#!* -$3)$%$ !@,*!/0),*4 !* !&( (4-)*!%*()0 $

!*,/@0!:

A$-)+!*!!*!)6#*/+#$!& %,0#$6)* "0)44% .':B .#*)*$!$0 &*5&)4

*$!$0*#$!$%%!)&&*!( (47*)!!$!# $)$%!6!( (4!-)$!&)%#$6+ ,&&*)&0 ()(&:**$0! .#*!*()&.)&)%&7*0,&# *#!+:? ,-)$!!&)%&!- $%&-)!

)(($*$<!)$%!.(&)%#$6+ ,&()(&:

&)&2,4!#(4( !$!#)4)((& )0*!)00 2(4#*!#*C DEF&*$!)$#$!&*!#$6(,GG4

DEF&*$!))0!!)!#*)&%!<(4)#$ DEB*!& $60 $!& 5&*#)4*!)!2$!

DE>! &+ .1(&)(*&4)!#$6!)0 22 $)0!#5#!+ &)$#**,!)!)0!*)4 !( (48 H &#$*!)$03!#$!& %,0!# $0 ,4%*!)&!-#!)$#$!&*!#$6/,!(,GG4#$6*!+4#G%)0!:

> 2!#$6!)!-#442 !#5)!!/)0.%& (+ ,&&*)&0! (#0)$%*!!*!)6 &-)!+ ,-#44

% #$+ ,&*!,%+:B!&+ ,% * 3( #$! ,!)( !$!#)44#$.!+ ,&I,*!# $)*#!&4)!*!!)0!

1 &)$ !&!+( .'+ ,2)+)5%0#%%!,*8+ ,(&*$!%:J*,&!%&)-!4#$.

/!-$! .)$%-)!#!#*+ ,(4)$ $% #$6:

&)%&-#44/2,02 &2 !#5)!%!&)%!&*!!()(&#+ ,0)44$6#* &&

#$!,#!# $&#6!& 2!6!"6 :? ,&&)%&*)&+ ,&),%#$0:+)5/!!&!#$6*!% !)$

&)%+ ,&()(&:K).!2#$!&*!%#$+ ,&!*#*)$%0 $5#$0%+ ,&)&6,2$!#$!#&*!!- ()&)6&)(*:

H &<)2(43#$L#. 4 5)$%B%42)$1MNOP83-<)2#$!0!)$-($*# $(& 6&)2

#$Q#$))2 $6!4%&4+: $ !* 2!#$6#$!&*!#$6)/ ,!!,$#$!$%%)%5&*

0 $*I,$0*)(& 6&)22)$!!0 $&/$#!*3-$ !)*,&(&#*#$6$6)!#50! $! 0 6$#!#5 ,!0 2*)2 $6!4%&4+:R&#*)$<0(!& 2!()(&C

SEA,&)$)4+*#*+#4%**5&)4#$!&*!#$6&*,4!*:H#&*!3!LTF>(& 6&)2)*)

*#6$##0)$!4+$6)!#50! $0 6$#!# $)2 $6#$%#5#%,)4*)6%UN &)/ 5:

T!#&2$!(& 6&)2*)&6$&)44+#$!& %,0%)$%6)&%! -)&%*$*,&#$6! -4)&)6#$6)%,4!*1Q,!4&)$%V $* $MNNW8:L5&!4**3-(& 5#%*!& $6 5#%$0 &)04)&0)* -!#$!& %,0!# $)($*# $(& 6&)24)%!

,$#$!$%%)$%*#6$##0)$!)%5&*0 $*I,$0* &(& 6&)2()&!#0#()$!*:;$ !C

>(0##0)44+3-#$%!)!!(& 5#*# $($*# $/$#!*$6)!#54+#$4,$0*

#22%#)!&0)443%4)+%&0)443)$%! !)4- &%&0)44:H &!! !)4- &%&0)44

(9)

1

4567489845949976979 7469948799489967!

"#$4699%8948&69'()(*76965+9%4999769+64696 9479697469%6469,-.9987$7

/#&69'()(*6660146949%594798244754 ,-.996494659679948466446 97669565964699987499447+ -6996 99686949494964,-.79+4658969 669+ -697499696494949745 9746966566+38%84747969794,-. !

595964898466969846794+456596469649464 7984946466979+697765964+4599649 8454566979+ +459976596449+9+469-6457649764 99 5999+79+469+9996945674899 9694754+454799945499976+794566998996969 +469+4599765964696596469

798494649%6996464945997 -+459996 4896599%7646986949856964564566:669+

8;446;44896444+;-698769649694967849;<%69 496+6984989664494995964+45996464945 974487659

$767976469549469-64576497644997964669 79699774656446999765+ <%4+45997849469 9%64+474856=9798964694659

>44674596946456646+4574656466+45 956?69+99695696959 146+45746564+4599646 4+4547+459564+4565+99669+649%6659 6 469496+4+457474596964+459566459+6469%759+ 4 799494462568+9669+4574754?09+95646669849 495764929769 !5469+457864+4595466678

15698499+4575+4574656495964669464+664896 74656456466946746564 -66996699878964;-669 764448496497469%6;596699%46446959+8978 59465964;949747699564874896694967 849;66969776+4+4547977+74656964945974487 74

7499495986469645764 '5896994( 9*

@ABCDEEFGHIJKGLMJNLCOFPIMIPLQJIKHGLHJLRJSFNLIKLHTFLUKHNJVDPHIJKLCFPHIJKWL ) #79 97765964+4596+649

"#6669+4696496969976+6996+6446

(10)

1

4578988 8 9

7898

!88"5

#$%$8888$&

9895

#'%$998"5 (5%9"9%)5*!8$9

88"8"%8 9"888+8)88,- ./"05

9"8"88 $89885

9)8988119$ )8""""5

253985 49"8

'%$99889"9+55$ %0$"8$88 989)9%"5

3988"85 55789685

7)8"8"88995

#8$8)$%$9 +80

-%989")85 99+8890$ 99895 :)898995

;5689859 888"19$8

8)5

<

*!84848+4==>0?,:7)/8""85!86@' 8ABB585BBB84C7)5

(11)

12

567 9 9

7 !"#

$%&'%'()*+,),'(-./-01--23'('*)2/4%4523',),'(6-('-1*2-245/%./%&-5(47,('8/41--21./'-/%4%' 452947):4(9);-<

=>?;3)8/%&)-',)()2')%../-2/%02@/2'()21('A'8/'9-'02/4%9/23/%23'B4.;4523',),'(C

=>D4*./%&23'./-01--/4%45,('8/41--21./'-/%2423'$%2(4.102/4%-'02/4%4(423'(-'02/4%- 23)27);B'23'74-2('*'8)%2,*)0'24./-01--('-1*2-5(47,('8/41--21./'-E

$5;414,254(23'5/(-2),,(4)03+3'(')('-47'&'%'()*&1/.'*/%'-2454**49<

=>F)G/ %&/2)-',)()2'-'02/4%9/**7)G'/2')-/'(54(,'4,*'24-G/,/2/51%/%2'('-2'.E

=>H4%422/2*';41(*/2'()21('('8/'9-'02/4%I*/2'()21('('8/'9JK$2/-)B/2-4,3474(/0E L>$%-2').+/%2'&()2';41(./-01--/4%45,('8/41-*/2'()21('1%.'(23'04774%23(').

45,('8/41-94(G)-/2('*)2'-24;41(7)/%23'-/-E

L>D4('M)7,*'/5;41(,),'(/-IH4N()./2/4%)*$%-2/212/4%-O4%-2()/% D'7)*'P%2(',('%'1(-3/,QJ;417/&329)%2240)**;41(*/2'()21('('8/'9 IR'%.'(%4(7-/%$%./)JE

L>$%423'(94(.-+2'**;41((').'(-93)2/-/%23'-'02/4%+'E&E+SF4.'*

H'74%-2()2/%&23'D/%/2'%'--45T,)0'E

$5;414,254(23'-'04%.),,(4)03+3'(')('-47'&'%'()*&1/.'*/%'-2454**49<

=>$29/**B'03)**'%&/%&54((').'(-24.'0/.'/5;41(94(G/-B'22'(23)%'M/-2/%&('-')(03/5 )%.1%2/*23';1%.'(-2)%.93)2;41.4E

=>H4%42-2)(2;41(/%2(4.102/4%9/23,)&'-4593)2423'(-3)8'541%.EU),'(--'**B'0)1-' 4593)2;41.4EV3)2;41.4-341*.2)G',(/4(/2;48'(93)2423'(-3)8'.4%'EH/-01-- 93)2423'(-3)8'.4%'4%*;/%)9);2404%2'M21)*/W')%.:1M2),4-'23',42'%2/)*B'%'5/2- 45;41(-21.;E

=>S52'(;413)8''M,*)/%'.;41(04%2(/B12/4%+23'%;410)%('*)2'/224423'(-21./'-+

*/2'()21('('8/'9E

=>$2/-)&44./.')24B'&'%'(41-9/230/2)2/4%-24423'(,'4,*'6-94(GEN3'R4*.'%A1*' ),,*/'-E

=>?'&'%'(41-)*-4/%23'-'%-'45349;41./-01--423'(-21./'-EX41041*.'7,3)-/W' -47'/7,4(2)%2*/7/2)2/4%-/%'M/-2/%&('-')(03B12B120)('51*/%B'/%&2440(/2/0)*

Y'-,'0/)**;/5;41)22'7,224,1B*/-3;41(,),'(+;41(('5'(''-7/&32%42B'8'(;3),,;

(')./%&)B41223'/(94(G/%)%'&)2/8'*/&32ZE

L>$2/-1%%'0'--)(;240/2''8'(;,),'(/%23'*/2'()21('EN3'4B:'02/8'4523'

*/2'()21('('8/'9-341*.B'24./-2/%&1/-3;41(,),'(5(4723'-'8'()*)%.0*4-'-2 'M/-2/%&,),'(-+)%.24&/8',(4,'(0('./224,'4,*'934.'-'(8',(/4(/2;54(23/%&- 23)27/&32423'(9/-'-''7%'9/%;41(,),'(E

$5;414,254(23'-'04%. ),,(4)03+3'(')('-47')../2/4%)*&1/./%&,4/%2-24('7'7B'(<

(12)

11

4678988988788987897 499888989778898797

77778778888777 7 889879789!77"87 778 #977979789

$789978877888"777 97"788 988887978

4%9"9787 898779889 879"8

4&"8898799789 87'88"7

4(9898999788"799797

)*77797989 )!

)+8,%8

)-777!8 ).7&99

).7/"9,/9

)0797787978871$ 889897789771(971

(97892979777888"79793 478979979887787798887

%78"79979"88"

78989797878898

49779798888788 88788879789"79

)87879997879897 87

)97999977888"799889 )48799897"879"

8778

4-97999797797787937898 7799899997989798 9888

)-9889879899(9879997"9 9797899

)979799878878999 887897889

(13)

12

5678996667672197!7766976667 77""#69!$96%!67$67!769""

$6669

&'(697!966697699!676$6767!9777"

76767)*6!7

&'+7676776!79767!,67697!"9$9!99"6!997!69 6"7666777"76!7696*

9979-

.'/0977677"767!69"9"*6*

6!7699)9"76679672112!6 2113(,79 14

&'(6 76!7966767697!89"9696%!697676 77669667697!697696696%!697-

.'/5!66966677"6"7977"

"967!76)*67676699$6 697697 76697"6666*6!7699!""697"76)96796 7666666*6!769 070218969 21:;,!21<9767976$$7

6676"9+7,;"67 696765 7676 =721:6721;77967211 21:

+$21:=9666721:;66672183,999 21<>99672?6766 !76 797 7"9!9$67!769(7"66679 $67!!6)*6767996$7) 97!69!765$6@"-;6721?99"

97667676697!6666767696?8667 *667A6676"9"!"5$6 )6B7667218976796

"667"7769?A667))66976766$96* 667$!797679)"6*667@"4

&'(6!7997!7)7697!79"9676977696676 97!6967769-"76669$"6676

$66-

.'/5!967$!7776697"767!66769776776 66767!9777"$67)66)66;7!"

77799721:7797,67779697 7"9"667!9)6 026,621866)9667

77""9)*66*6!769 7"!69776!997!69 )76976%!7$"66 67676C679796)6 6!9"7 "6796+97797!97!6976976%!7

$"667!$"!!99)9$!976667777"

!76769"667!9)64

.'/D6""777!69!79666$769*!7!9

#6)96"66697767)6)7669776

(14)

12

56787598957577996787895789968598 59996987987987985769679 87!698759556796"97968 6797"857957858968"79 59 567#

$%&'7898589679787(8879 95567)975789586"9 96759759"78789887*"9668798 97 5996"57979878599(78799 6898 59(+)99679586"

787898"8"9767"#

9,5879 6878'91-./,&0570589152989 787937975579#

4%678957596"959,969 7"7998

4%59789(9657778(85556

$%&*"855788,1-/75867",5967"

85!9689757"8(878859 88989-9:#

$%&5)7"#8899658795677"7,7"58"

"8969578,)5567"78(799696) 55965878)77879689(7896

$%67596869967876996879679( 9678

4%'959"8787856875 87996(678"96 8789857797877"7998

4%59789679(696&6)7"#(8(979 968"79796 5955"895"77"67

"878857

4%0557696;96<67996 5957589"7, 97"=

4%5855996(896896879687(76(788(87 79659

4%196(7'9896588987856961-./7877578

"997()97687856887697595999697 5(79969;9(656667866(7 (89877598959878567887856

4%<96687'9,7887896878896857779679 (677961-./786(9679&57589887 7"29>?9859#'91-./

(15)

12

56898989

!"#$%&'(&)*+&',-'.&&/'()01234(5,*365,13(7,((.8)01,5,53$)0&93$,013':;<

5,13(=>

!"#9)((3*&)'0(9'.26*'0()(&':&/'5,$&(7-'&9':/9)*9(9'.26-3-$)3:=>

?"#93:)$(&(3*&)'0(9'.266)(*.((5$3@)'.($3(3,$*9&9,&)(6)$3*&2%$323@,0&&'%'.$

5,53$70'&3@3$%()01235,53$/$)&&30'0&93&'5)*=>

?"#93$3@)3/03360'&'02%-3&'5)*,2-.&*,0)0*2.63$3(3,$*9&9,&3852'%(

&93(,8383&9'6(%'.,$3.()01A,0,2%B3(,()8)2,$8'632A.(3(&93(,83 6,&,(3&A3&*>

?"C335)08)06&9,&%'.$8,)0*'0&$)-.&)'0/)22-3&'&933*'0'8)*(

6)(*)52)03>

?"#93(3*'06(3*&)'0(9'.263D52,)0%'.$*'0&$)-.&)'0)08'$363&,)2>

?"E'.(9'.266)(*.((9'/%'.$,55$',*9)(6)::3$30&:$'8/9,&9,(-330 6'03-3:'$3F

?"G()&03/6,&,H

?"I03/8'632H

?"I03/)630&):)*,&)'0(&$,&31%H

?"I$3%'.,0(/3$)01,J.3(&)'08'$3-$',62%K(53*):)*,22%H

?"L'/,$3%'.)85$'@)01'0,5$3@)'.(5,53$H

?"E'.(9'.26&9)0+*$3,&)@32%)0&9)((3*&)'0,-'.&)((.3(':3D&3$0,2

@,2)6)&%FI$3%'.$:)06)01($323@,0&:'$,5'5.2,&)'0K)0(&)&.&)'0,2 30@)$'0830&&9,&)(6)::3$30&:$'85$3@)'.(/'$+A,06*'.26&9)(-3

&93$3,('0%'.$:)06)01(6)::3$H

!"M3&833859,()B3&935$3@)'.(5')0&,1,)0F%'.$8,)0*'0&$)-.&)'0/)22-3N.6136)0

$32,&)'0&'5$3@)'.(3*'0'8)*(5,53$(,06&933*'0'8)*(6)(*)52)03>

?"#9)((&,&3830&)852)3(%'.(9'.26-3,-23&'$32,&3%'.$/'$+8'(&2%&'5$3@)'.(

OPQRQSTPU533$4$3@)3/365,53$(V

?"G:%'.,$3/'$+)01'0,0)0&3$6)(*)52)0,$%&'5)*7(.*9,(93,2&9=A)&)(:)03&'*)&3,

*'.523':5,53$(:$'8,0'&93$6)(*)52)0373>1>A35)638)'2'1%=&9,&3D,8)03,

$32,&36J.3(&)'0>L'/3@3$A8'(&2%%'.$/'$+/)22-3N.6136-,(36'0)&($32,&)'0

&'5$3@)'.(3*'0'8)*(5,53$(,069'/)&)85$'@3('.$.063$(&,06)01':

3*'0'8)*-39,@)'$$32,&)@3&'5$3@)'.(3*'0'8)*(/'$+>

?"W'A-3(.$3&9,&%'.$2)&3$,&.$3$3@)3/8'(&2%*'0()(&(':5,53$(:$'83*'0'8)*(

533$4$3@)3/36N'.$0,2(>;

;I:,)$2%*'85$3930()@32)(&':533$4$3@)3/363*'0'8)*(N'.$0,2()(,@,)2,-23,&F9&&5FKK///>,3,/3->'$1K3*'02)&KN'.$0,2X2)(&>595

(16)

12

56 89 9

69

!"#$%&&'()%"* +",&%#&%+-%!) +%&%&''% +./0

&%+12

$3%*"%'33'%4%% '%#5'%"4%% "'%!'% #

&%*% 6 #. .')% * % 2

7+ '%"8 !"#5'3%&9

:;.'%&. !"##'$ %)8!'.*!'#%%8&'# 5'8% #5%'%$" '%"*!')&'%"%&&'%2

<;4'$3'*!%5%&% "8', 8')'2

<;=%3%! .$'5% % #3)% *$'5% *!%52

<;>%*% 3%%&.*!'#%%3""$)'"5% *!'&'?

@; #8*!)+& #)' '+*% #&%#! +*!'

#& # 5%'%$"% % #%'* '"5%'%$"2

<;4!")% .#%%!%) +5%'%$"8) +$'5% 8

!'5*'& 8%)%"" !)$'.$'5% 82

@;A!)%*3% +"+)'%"")% %%%'.!"'%#' )%*$ ' #% # '5!%$!2

@;=!+ .% ")% *!)+3% %##'%.%".% (''%'$! 6"%'$#*.&%&'2

@;4!) '")% %. 2

@;4!'$5!') +-22 )#%%B ) '53#8 "*&&"% # +"'53#8212C #'3%#%"

#%%3!"#$.'*!'*&% #)&%'%*!'#%%2

:; #%&. !"#'&'-'"5% 1#'&5%.#%%2

<;A!!"#%5%!&".%$"3)% % #% #%'##5% .' 5%'%$"*!3""!% %"*-%""!)8 #& # 5%'%$"% #'

%" '"12

@;4 .'+&'5#!'.*!'#%%2

@;D"&'%#'$*)%6 +%%$"%..'!))%'*% % 5%'%$"2

<;A!)%*3% &' #'&5%.'#..' !$+'!&-2+28 '%) 52 '"B%''52 ,%''B&'52&12

<; %)% #+ .% .5%'%$"!"#$'*%""%''%#'2

<;

<;7. %'*8&!3)&'%")%!'#5%.')'%"

! '&%'2

EF #'% (%)&" .%4%% .')C%6'%5%'*%"2-/01G12

(17)

12

5 78998999989999

999!99 899999" #98$998999$98 %&'1'&'1&()9!99$%(898 $989988 89&'1'8!9# 9889891889$999)8 9*9!!$9999 9$99 988!8999999$9! 8999999$+999789 9$9#9899$989$9989"

989*999,-989"$9999 99#**99$9$99989

91.998898999!99$9 899!

899$98/98999!9999&' 990998998!9$9899/99 99%99*$9(999$99&'11

&'1&1&'1'!*99999$9$*9$9!899$999 89**$999!*9899*7*91989 999$98989982

5 199*89989

789&'1'992.9$91&789&'119913&

9$9!881149$999989*99$9!989*9989$9 998899$98999%9989 (*99899$9$9**927899259$9&3 99989&'11*9991&'1&!3.11&99$9

$9&29998999&9899* $92

5 -898989

699!98$99789:999$99*99 #9$9 99999$99;<9:=89898999%9!9#

99$9(!89429989999789:$9>?@<9:=89 891!.5%25(99999789:$99;<9:=%>?@<9:=(8989 -!9%2599(99/989%.299(?;789:/>?@<9:=

8989%9!A899$9(B89$9!99?;789:/9;<9:=8989

%9!89889!89(-9%5C99(/89898 89$9899/!8998921999

899!..99899/98&'8999/98989 8!8891&9989992

DEFGHIIJKLMNOKPQNRPGSJTMQMTPUNMOLKPLNPVNWJRPMOPLXJPYZJOLMQMT[LMNOPGLR[LJI\PGJTLMNOEP

]999+9989*989$9 98$99*/

99*999^$99_!9*989

(18)

12

567896966685876867965686565985669 5679869869965666567896966587879

!"87##859899"989856656"76$865868%&876568"

85876

'958#8965568568""698768769998585%"898 566989"7666"965"59"87858769896(966 959!#868567689"65895596"6"5 78"9656966#5"87#695966#5"87858"567896996

#8966

)

(19)

12

567 69

7

!"#$% $&'()!*++,$-.*#!'/#0$1#,!!%2'!1 +*"!(+*2! 3* &.%2*+*+!,%#!,*%2!

$456+*2! 78

!#,!!.$ #! !%#*'* +!"#4$,*++'!(.",$0$,9*,!:;(!%#4"*#$%<;(!%#4"*#$%<

;(!%#4"*#$%8

;(!%#4"*#$%=& #*%$#!,#!,.4$,#!+*,#"&'*,!.+,"*'.!#$(#*#/$&0''& !#$

! #.*#!*,2&*)'/"*& *'!44!"# 8>$& $&'((! ",)!/$&,(!%#4"*#$% #,*#!2/* "'!*,'/* /$&

"*%83?!!('! #$ */<.*9! &,!/$&&%(!, #*%(#% (!$&#4, #@78!)$##$.'%!$4!.+,"*' 0$,9)$'($0%#$*"'*.#*#AB"*& ! C<D& &*''/($"&.!%#!()/ $.! $,#$4,!2,! $%8>$&, (!%#4"*#$% #,*#!2/0''!-+'*%$0/$&,!.+,"*'.!#$(0''&%"$E!,#!"*& *'!44!"#/$&

#%9/$& !!%#!(*#*8

!(!%#4"*#$% #,*#!2/*)$&#4$,.&'*#%2* +!"4"#! #*)'!/+$#! *%(*"$"!$4* ,! !*,"(! 2%!F&++!(#$#! #/$&,#! #*)'!/+$#! ! *%(*((,! /$&,.*%,! !*,"F&! #$%8

>$&.& #&%(!, "$,!0*##/+$#! *%($0#!,! !*,"F&! #$%/$&%#*''/( "& !(%

#!;%#,$(&"#$% !"#$%,!'*#! #$/$&,+,$+$ !(! #.*#$%#!"%F&!8C! &,!#$(! ",)!#!

*++,$*"/$&*($+##$*((,! < $'E!<$,#! #/$&,"!%#,*'/+$#! 3! 78G-*.+'! $4!.+,"*' F&! #$% $%!"$&'(*((,! *,!:

HIAJ$! $"*' !"&,#/(!+,! +!, $%*' *E%2 KD<

HIAJ$2!, $"*'+,$#!"#$%)!%!4#",$0($&#%4$,.*'%#!,$& !$'(#,*% 4!,)!#0!!%

4*.'/.!.)!, KD<

HIAJ$! #!%#,$(&"#$%$4),#"$%#,$'(!'*/0$.!%L*2!$4.*,,*2!KD

;%+,! !%#%2/$&,+,$+$ !((!%#4"*#$% #,*#!2/4$,/$&,/+$#! <( "& #!(*#* !##*#

/$&& !*%(#!#/+!$4,!2,! $%$,*%*'/ ! /$&+'*%#$,&%#$#! ##8M$ #$4#!(*#*(! ",+#$%

)!##!, &#!(4$,/$&,J*#* !"#$%8N$0!E!,<4%!"! *,/</$& $&'(!-+'*%$0#!(*#*,!'*#!

#$/$&,/+$#! 8C! &,!#$%$#!$0+$#!%#*'(*#*'.#*#$% 34*%/7"$&'(*44!"#/$&, (!%#4"*#$% #,*#!2/*++,$*"8O&"'.#*#$% %"'&(!:

HIB .*'' !#$4$) !,E*#$%

HI;.+!,4!"#+,$-! 4$,",&"*'E*,*)'!

HIP!E!'$4(*#*(44!,!%#4,$.#!(!*''!E!',!'*#!(#$/$&,,! !*,"F&! #$%8

Q$,!-*.+'!<%AG.+'$/.!%#1)* !(N!*'#;% &,*%"!*%(R$)M$)'#/:;!,!GE(!%"!$4R$)1 '$"9K<DC,2##!M*(,*%31SST70,#! :

UIA$ #&(/#!+!%$.!%$%$4=$)1'$"9<$%!0$&'('9!%4$,.*#$%$%%(E(&*'*%(

4*.'/!*'# #*#& <0$,9!,.$)'#/<*%(#!!*'#% &,*%"!+'*% $4)$##!4,. 4$,0"*%(%(E(&*'0$,9 *%(#$0"$%!"$&'(.$E!8D

UIN$0!E!,<#! #&(/4*"! $.!.+$,#*%#'.#*#$% #$*((,! *%*'/#"*''/#! +!%$.!%$%$4=$)1'$"9:

UIAV%4$,#&%*#!'/<%4$,.*#$%$%!*'# #*#& *%(!*'#% &,*%"!%$#

0(!'/*E*'*)'!%'*)$,4$,"! &,E!/ <%4$,.*#$%$%0$,9!,.$)'#/%$#

#/+"*''/*E*'*)'!%!*'# &,E!/ <*%(%4$,.*#$%$%% &,*%"!+'*% $4

"$.+*%! 4$,0"*%%(E(&*'"$&'(*E!0$,9!(%$%!- #!%#8D

(20)

12

578998898988 !898 89"8!88"8#

579"8!8 998$!%&8

!8 889989889# '8"898889989"

99"8#

5( 89989898899 998899 89#

5)9 88998"8*999 899889! 89#)8

"8"99!898 8 8 99 !99!"9#

5*99 998898 988$8 8 %#

5'8&+99999998 8#,

-9 898988 9#-99998 8"!9898 !998 888999 9&

./8 8 99

./8!889 !9$"8 8%

./8 898988988#

-99 888"99898 !! 989899899! "999899#

0899899!8"8989 9999"

&

.123$"98!8984%

.9 99 98

.9 98

.!8899!

.8 58989

689"999899!89878 88"

98 98$8889"99 !"

9 98!%9889 98"8"9 98""8"98 99899#( 9898"9!

98#-988989998988 98988 899#

)8 &

.-89 98"9 9 9 9889"98/"984"9 9 98#

(21)

12

578998 9! 88" #

5$8! 9 %#

&' 89# !% # !99 98 98(!9#

&7!8 8 9 9)#

*9 ! 8 (!8) #+%9 8#

9 ,! 88-

5.988,9/

5.(8 9!( %/

5.9(!/

50!!!8989 9 % 9 ##898 #

518!89! 98 9#

23 8 0#1245(8!9 9!89#

569 888"7 8(3 888!9 8 9(#69 ( 8""( #

5689 9! ! #

5689 -

&7.!9 9(98:$;: <912421=>!;!!9

#6 ;98!;8 9(9!9 (#6 84? @

@"68%A!122B#$C4 C D 8 :#7 9!;88E 8>F#6 -8 ( #G ! !!; 988888 8E ! 8 #6!;

(22)

12

567899599599689999997956 775695965659795695565 5

!6"95995696896599997956955#795

$6959975#995995 59956789 55659%

&'(5999795979579#9#999)67%#9* +'),6997957999759795*-2.//5-1.$970675

-.06719999959586557999 9997597955995-293421.999569 65$66999795959//5979599 9796899699(659997597959979 959959986 9999979559 -29248.1999969995 99 97959957#5921689-996.5999759795 992:95599755295957#5928689-6 6.5969795-99759795595$66999795. 592:2:2:526-3131315;689.5//5$97 06706755$669997959979#189$159

$69795#<9957"597955795 99%

=>?@ABBCDEFGHDIJGKI@LCMFJFMINGFHEDIEGIOGPCKIFHIEQCIRSCHEFJFMTEFGHI@EKTECBUI@CMEFGH>I

&'9896979)5V79%,W$975-6995#565 67975#799.X

+'9#995959#88#6995V79979X-9955#6 9559#.

+'Y79*

Z'25995#9

Z'55 9#99

Z'Y65959597#6[96595#99

Z'\5955959

Z'W 595579

Z'W 595679

Z'Y65999

&']989 9#756

+'279795656575

&'69999696895999969995979#65#

I

(23)

11

4556 89 9

699

!!"#$#%&!'($ )* ('&!&$*&&')($$*&!"$&'$*&&!*' +&' )+&+',-!$# )!&$&+. !!"%&/0'&$" !1

234&%+'&$'($'+ ',

235 6%&!*%+'&$'($'+ ',

234'($# !%&!7 "* )+&+'&!"67$ !#&!&++!"8

235 6"'7'($!7 "* )+&+' 96:;<89=>589?@A

B# "'($) $$ 6'#&'"!#'+ '!#'($&$((&$$*7',C 0'&'' D '#'&"(&("!E!" 0'F!$(" ''+ '%&!* !"&'*+&'&%'%&)' %% '#' !+)& !,

B$ (#(&G/!!/H&++' && %%'D,#,. 6&("! 8!0&!&$*+') '%" '&'&''&8&%!"0&' (&+'#&'"!#

&7$* )'($E.+&'($&'&++' &&&#!)&!"'&67&/,I&# )+&'&%' %&((&$$*%(""*%&!%&#&!" '* )+&+',-&!#!)&!$*"'&)' % %+'!0! )* ('!'&$ !'7( !.6% %+ '&!!* ('+&+',

23'&"'6$$#'$ .7 '". '&!! *",

23I'! !$*'($&!"+&'&%'%&&"'$*7 $'* ('%&!&/&6&*&!"

'*,

23J'" ! +'! !"&'*&!&$* ')* (!" .'$#&(&!&$*&!

K!$!B++!"8,

L( !"'&!8&%+$,M(++ * (&' !"'!# F&$$"N!'O(& !.6

$&7 ' ! %(%&6&#'('!"(& !,P ('+'%&'*'#' !D7&" ! N!'O(& !E6$$+$&&!!"0"(&$Q&'!!# !$)F&!"",B!*'#' '.(

&"(& !.'&.#!"'.6 '/8+'!.&!"# #'&+)8))6$$7 !'#F&!"

",M(++ &* (7$0&/*'#' ' )!'D,,."(& !E' !#$* ''$&"

6'' ''% )6&#O(& !,R '8&%+$. ($"77&(+ +$6 87 #'&!&0'&#&7$*&'!#'6&#&'S 7,&%+ +$&$ 7&!% ' $!#, ''$& !76!'' ''%&!""(& !0&'&7$6$$% '&!$* '($!&7&"%& )+&'&%'%&!)' ! )"(& !0&'&7$D&

+! %! !&$$"G&7$*7&HE,%&('")) )"(& !!'#' !6$$')$

! !$*'(&(&$)) )"(& ! !6&#7(&$ % ))) )&7$* !6&#, L&7 ' ! %&0&" +"0'&$&++' &'(%0!G&7$*7&H. ! ) 6'$ !( )&+' 8*%&(') '&7$*D)"&& !(+' 8*%&('&'&0&$&7$E, 4&!&(%&%&! '*$!'$&+'!&!"%&#!(" )&7$*7&,

!.* ('!&''&0 !%&!'($ ($") ( !%& )"(& !))&!"

&7$*))!'0"+)& !.6!$("%+')+' 8 )&7$*,

(24)

12

5678898968979669989789689996 !9"##9$6#"7$66%9&'()*

+999,89(66#598"8 &* &1* &2* &-*

"7$6 ./.0

&./..* ./.2

&./..2* ./.12

&./..1* ./.13

&./..4*

5766 ./14

&./..* ./2.

&./..*

)97" 86 86 59 59 91 ./4. ./44 ./32 ./30

86/6#'98:6 24;.. 24;.. 0;4.4 0;4.4 86/6#<986 4;4.4 4;4.4 -;40. -;40.

=>?@A)898868898999/99$6:98980146004/9896#6$68 98899#86697:9<98$9<7$B9C$86)696#904.B/)/D97899#99 896#9$86#966696699869676914E2-/5F$G9#9)8 C9866)$589H$6)C)59#68979#86604.600./9967669$688966 9.F6I68896;G9#99D97J7897/

86$9#99$6#6989689897

KL996968968869989696#999:89&9//;68 7;998*;698$:89&97$6*/

KL996#66699$66899=>?@AM9/

KL9=>?@A#6669668$9#68$8#$6$9$689; $99979$9669996#678897/

KL9869696799#N9O68/P69:98;96799O9:9967 69989986:968978699O6798989789689 99/

KL7689O69;9869;69$679989#66#686899O989$9/

56;69$679O98#67889896:9#998698:6 9#89$689896/5$8#$667668697896979 68698$:9998998798678897998969$6/

KL7;96969967$99986789896889886868N $9899979899$69##$9/

QLR998;989#988986$68968898868/R;678 8998$66899$6699$6969679679

9:76787698/P69:98;$979986686$9;6 67679$98$86$67897/

5678:89986$99679$986989989/

KL+6679:8989:6#866678)68)5)8686&5"+BD1.68 5JR(11145*:8969/

QLC9789679678:89996989969889 6$79$6#76#6867879$9

(25)

12

578988888888

8 8!8

59 88888 9!898

5"!#8888 8

$%8&'#8(8888

)!#8'#88888 9 #*988888 8

#8

8#8+898 !8!8#8,

)9888 #888# +--./'

#89#88

0##888898 # 88#88

%8!9'#888 889 8

18#89''#88 8'# 8#8

528 8 8883*495

51*49'8 88 8 #8

6789:;<=>?>@ABCDE=BF:;EGH;B>@BHI:BJKL:=B

)#898'!8 '8!'88 #M8#8 8 8 88!8 4!8# 8#888988N

8+8!8#888!(8 88!1#O+P' #88Q #8888 888!-+ 14#O1P'8

#88'88 R+ 4#ORP8 O2P #8# 88 Q 8 #88!8 8#4#O+P8O1P#8 8+8 88 8888!

8STU0#8

Referenzen

ÄHNLICHE DOKUMENTE

Die Fixierung auf einen optimalen Gleichgewichtszustand stellt die Wohlfahrtsökonmie vor ein weiteres Problem, nämlich welche Lösung gewählt werden soll, wenn eine

In the second place, the problems are not as great for supply-constrained programs as for demand—ruled ones, as it is possible to get an experimental group which is sufficiently

Particular strengths encompass the theory of electronic structures, clus- ters and polymer physics, micromechan- ics of lattice imperfections, the dynam- ics of structure formation

Profitability of internationalization of production depends on technical pa- rameters which enter the production function (fixed costs on plant and company level, f and r, the share

Q2: I think it's very easy to get attached to machine and develop feelings for a machine, we don't even have to look at robotic systems, we see this already in the

The positive outcome of the Othering process between Russia and BRICS, only possible because of the country's pre-awareness of the group during its archetype

26 Youth seen by the competent therapists have an 17 percent felony recidivism rate compared with 27 percent for the control group, a statistically significant reduction of

Plan an event view gives the user the ability to make running related events for other users to join.. These events can be made either public