Supplementary Table 1.

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Supplementary Table 1. Descriptive statistics of Work Events Log, alternative stress measures, and potential moderators Mean ± SD [range]

All participants (N = 113)

Acute/Traumatic

Stressors (Component 1) (N = 103)

Routine Stressors (Component 2) (N =105)

Interpersonal Stressors (Component 2)

(N = 107)

Work Events Log-Exposure --- 0.35 ± 0.38 [0, 1.75] 1.21 ± 0.53 [0, 2.50] 0.75 ± 0.59 [0, 2.60]

Work Events Log-Stress --- 0.68 ± 0.87 [0, 4.50] 1.81 ± 1.37 [0, 6.28] 1.27 ± 1.10 [0, 4.90]

Work Events Log-Overall

Stress^a 2.72 ± 0.58 [1.25, 4.60] --- --- ---

Perceived Stress Scale-10 15.73 ± 6.31 [2.00, 34.00] --- --- ---

Operational Police Stress

Questionnaire 3.27 ± 1.8 [1.25, 6.10] --- --- ---

Organizational Police Stress

Questionnaire 3.10 ± 1.00 [1.20, 5.35] --- --- ---

Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire-Short Form^b

81.47 ± 13.19 [49.00,

114.00] --- --- ---

Brief Resilience Scale 3.66 ± 0.76 [1.50, 5.00] --- --- ---

Notes: a. Two participants had missing data for overall stress scores on the Work Events Log, so the sample size for this variable is 111; b.

FFMQ-SF scores reflect imputed data for participants in Cohort 1 as described in the Method section

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Supplementary Table 2. Mixed models to test the moderating effect of resilience on the association between stress exposure and perceived stress on the Work Events Log.

Variable b SE F Error df p partial η²

Perceived Stress Component 1

Exposure Component 1^a 2.12 0.50 17.90 67.73 <.001 .21

Resilience 0.07 0.11 0.34 101.09 .559 .003

Days --- --- 0.40 373.28 .851 .01

Cohort 0.15 0.16 0.96 103.76 .329 .01

Exposure component 1* Resilience -0.12 0.13 0.85 65.55 .360 .01

Exposure Component 2 1.84 0.46 15.89 78.97 <.001 .17

Resilience 0.04 0.18 0.06 102.85 .800 .001

Days --- --- 1.18 412.44 .319 .01

Cohort 0.25 0.20 1.61 70.92 .208 .02

Exposure Component 2* Resilience -0.15 0.12 1.42 78.70 .238 .01

Exposure Component 3 2.22 0.47 21.97 77.05 <.001 .22

Resilience -0.21 0.14 2.15 105.20 .145 .02

Days --- --- 1.13 410.49 .342 .01

Cohort 0.15 0.18 0.73 91.44 .395 .01

Exposure component 3* Resilience -0.21 0.13 2.64 79.12 .108 .03

Note: a. Mean-centered scores (within individuals) were used for each Exposure component. Component 1 assessed less frequent yet relatively more intense line-of-duty incidents, Component 2 assessed routine daily stressors, and Component 3 assessed interpersonal stressors

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Supplementary Table 3. Impact of demographic and job covariates on Perceived Stress for Component 1 (acute/traumatic stressors) from the Work Events Log.

Exposure 1.67 0.11 251.23 76.27 <.001 .77

Days --- --- 0.59 370.09 .709 .01

Cohort 0.04 0.15 0.07 95.95 .785 .001

Age -0.01 0.02 0.26 94.90 .611 .003

Gender 0.18 0.15 1.36 92.55 .246 .02

Years of policing -0.01 0.02 0.22 92.48 .642 .002

Shifts --- --- 2.30 97.45 .064 .09

Work duration (minutes) 0.001 0.0003 3.74 405.74 .054 .01

Agency --- --- 0.29 95.15 .748 .01

Officer or deputy working in patrol/field 0.40 0.16 6.28 94.12 .014 .06

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Supplementary Table 4. Impact of demographic and job covariates on Perceived Stress for Component 2 (routine stressors) from the Work Events Log.

Variable b SE F Error df p partial

η²

Exposure 1.36 0.10 190.06 87.13 <.001 .69

Days --- --- 1.38 406.33 .231 .02

Cohort 0.17 0.21 0.68 79.04 .412 .01

Age -0.01 0.02 0.12 82.93 .727 .001

Gender -0.04 0.21 0.04 82.42 .836 .001

Years of policing -0.03 0.02 1.52 66.33 .221 .02

Shifts --- --- 1.61 76.80 .180 .08

Work duration (minutes) 0.001 0.0004 10.99 419.92 <.001 .03

Agency --- --- 0.45 80.29 .637 .01

Officer or deputy working in patrol/field 0.46 0.22 4.64 77.97 .034 .06

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Supplementary Table 5. Impact of demographic and job covariates on Perceived Stress for Component 3 (interpersonal stressors) from the Work Events Log.

Exposure 1.45 0.10 201.52 79.28 <.001 .72

Days --- --- 1.10 407.20 .362 .01

Cohort 0.18 0.18 1.04 80.91 .312 .01

Age 0.01 0.02 0.12 72.31 .726 .002

Gender 0.25 0.18 1.94 77.35 .167 .03

Years of policing 0.01 0.02 0.06 68.69 .802 .001

Shifts --- --- 0.45 79.61 .770 .02

Work duration (minutes) 0.0004 0.0005 0.59 440.00 .444 .001

Agency --- --- 1.98 81.13 .144 .05

Officer or deputy working in patrol/field -0.44 0.19 5.09 77.97 .027 .06

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Supplementary Fig. 1 Scree plot with parallel analysis of work events exposure subscale (N = 113)

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Supplementary Fig. 2 Histograms for exposure (top) and perceived stress (bottom) for each of the PCA-derived components from the Work Events Log. Values reflect within-subject averages across 4-6 workdays.

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Supplementary Appendix: Work Events Log

Date __________ Rotation day 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sub ID __________

(Note: complete for the date your shift BEGAN if spanning two days)

You can also complete this survey electronically: http://bit.ly/dailyworkevents

What hours did you work today? Shift start: ___________ Shift end: ___________

Did this include overtime or non-scheduled hours? If so, please explain briefly: _________________________________

Please reflect back on today’s work events and answer the following two questions for each event category:

1. How much exposure to each of these events did you encounter during today’s work? (circle one) 0 = No exposure/did not experience 2 = About the same exposure as a typical day 1 = Less exposure than a typical day 3 = More exposure than a typical day

2. How much stress did you experience as a result of this exposure? On a scale of 0 (no stress at all) to 10 (extreme amount of stress)

Event category

How much exposure? How much stress did you experience?

Challenges or frustration with supervisors and leadership

Conflict with coworkers

Inadequate equipment, or equipment not working as it should

Required paperwork and reports (e.g., Tracs, routine reports, follow-up) and other

administrative responsibilities

Increased demands stemming from patrol or other staff shortages

“Routine" calls for service Arresting or detaining suspects

Responding to traumatic events (e.g., MVA, overdose, domestics, death, or injury) Incidents involving threat of injury or bodily harm to yourself or fellow officers

Negative comments or criticism from members of the public, media, etc.

Overall, compared to a typical day at work, my time spent at work today was (circle one)

Much less stressful Somewhat less stressful Pretty typical Somewhat more stressful Much more stressful Any additional notes about today’s work events?