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Electromagnetic Radiation

tranversal waves, velocity c0 3 · 108 m s-1

Range of frequencies for structural analysis: 106-1020Hz i.e. 10-12 – 102 m γ-ray, x-ray, ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), infrared (IR), micro-, radiowaves

-frequency -wavelength -wavenumber

ν λ

~ ν ( ν ~

=

1

/

λ

=

ν

/

c

0

; cm

-1

, Kaiser)

= c0/ λ ; s-1, Hz)

= c0/ ν ; Å, nm, ..., m, ...)

4. Phase

phase ϕ

energy ~ frequency

~ wavenumber

~ wavelength-1

(E = h · ν) (E = h · c0 / λ)

)

~ c h

(E= ν o

Characteristics

1. Energy (eV, kJ mol

-1

)

2. Intensity

cross-section

3. Direction

wavevector sr0 I ~|S| E H |

2 r r

r =| ×

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