Applied Petrochemical Research
Optimized formulation of thermoresponsive nanoemulsion-based gel for Enhanced Oil Recovery
Natália Cristina Dalibera*, Maria Helena Ambrosio Zanin, Kleber Lanigra Guimaraes, Leonardo Alencar de Oliveira, Adriano Marim de Oliveira.
*Corresponding author: Institute for Technological Research (IPT) – Laboratory of Chemical Processes and Particle Technology, Group for Bionanomanufacturing (BIONANO). Address: Av. Prof. Almeida Prado, 532 - Butantã, São Paulo - SP, Brazil – zip code 05508-901. Phone +55 11 37674530. E-mail: nataliacd@ipt.br
Supplementary Material
1. Equations of the regression models
The regression equation with k terms assumes the following format:
y = b0 + b1X1 + b2X2 + ... + bkXk
where y is the response variable; b0 is the constant; b1, b2…bk are the coefficients and X1, X2…Xk are the value of the factor at given level. The equations of the adjusted models are presented next, the variables are not codified and are displayed in the format
“Factor_Level” (e.g. “%PEG_10” represents the factor %PEG at level 10%). All the non- significant factors were removed from the equations.
Peak
temperature (°C)
= 37.11 - 9.44 %Oil_5 + 9.41 %Oil_10 + 3.22 %Oil_15 - 3.19 %Oil_20 + 4.68 CL_6 - 10.80 CL_10 + 6.12 CL_17 + 10.13 %PEG_0*CL_6 - 0.31 %PEG_0*CL_10 - 9.81 %PEG_0*CL_17
- 5.51 %PEG_3*CL_6 - 2.03 %PEG_3*CL_10 + 7.55 %PEG_3*CL_17 - 3.18 %PEG_6*CL_6 + 0.30 %PEG_6*CL_10 + 2.88 %PEG_6*CL_17 - 1.43 %PEG_9*CL_6 + 2.05 %PEG_9*CL_10
- 0.62 %PEG_9*CL_17 - 17.08 %Oil_5*CL_6 + 26.38 %Oil_5*CL_10 - 9.29 %Oil_5*CL_17
+ 8.69 %Oil_10*CL_6 - 9.97 %Oil_10*CL_10 + 1.28 %Oil_10*CL_17 + 5.74 %Oil_15*CL_6 - 6.78 %Oil_15*CL_10 + 1.05 %Oil_15*CL_17 + 2.65 %Oil_20*CL_6 - 9.62 %Oil_20*CL_10 + 6.97 %Oil_20*CL_17
Particle size (nm)
= 159.44 + 12.20 %PEG_0 + 9.56 %PEG_3 - 27.21 %PEG_6 + 5.45 %PEG_9 - 4.93 %Oil_5 - 11.52 %Oil_10 - 5.84 %Oil_15 + 22.28 %Oil_20 - 26.09 CL_6 + 110.64 CL_10 - 84.54 CL_17 - 30.44 %PEG_0*%Oil_5 + 14.75 %PEG_0*%Oil_10
- 2.46 %PEG_0*%Oil_15 + 18.16 %PEG_0*%Oil_20 - 9.70 %PEG_3*%Oil_5 + 5.03 %PEG_3*%Oil_10 + 2.15 %PEG_3*%Oil_15 + 2.52 %PEG_3*%Oil_20 + 26.14 %PEG_6*%Oil_5 - 19.24 %PEG_6*%Oil_10 + 4.21 %PEG_6*%Oil_15 - 11.11 %PEG_6*%Oil_20 + 14.00 %PEG_9*%Oil_5 - 0.54 %PEG_9*%Oil_10 - 3.89 %PEG_9*%Oil_15 - 9.57 %PEG_9*%Oil_20 + 0.56 %PEG_0*CL_6 - 16.56 %PEG_0*CL_10 + 16.01 %PEG_0*CL_17 - 2.82 %PEG_3*CL_6 + 22.72 %PEG_3*CL_10 - 19.90 %PEG_3*CL_17 + 12.44 %PEG_6*CL_6 - 28.11 %PEG_6*CL_10 + 15.67 %PEG_6*CL_17 - 10.18 %PEG_9*CL_6 + 21.95 %PEG_9*CL_10 - 11.77 %PEG_9*CL_17 - 6.17 %Oil_5*CL_6 - 56.72 %Oil_5*CL_10
+ 62.88 %Oil_5*CL_17 + 4.70 %Oil_10*CL_ 6 + 9.55 %Oil_10*CL_10 - 14.25 %Oil_10*CL_17 + 0.19 %Oil_15*CL_6 + 20.79 %Oil_15*CL_10 - 20.98 %Oil_15*CL_17 + 1.27 %Oil_20*CL_6 + 26.38 %Oil_20*CL_10 - 27.65 %Oil_20*CL_17
η at 25°C (mPa.s) =
3475 - 1889 %PEG_0 + 106 %PEG_3 + 1047 %PEG_6
+ 736 %PEG_9 - 3611 %Oil_5 - 641 %Oil_10 + 1079 %Oil_15 + 3174 %Oil_20 + 324 CL_6 + 1101 CL_10 - 1425 CL_17 + 2169 %PEG_0*%Oil_5 + 2433 %PEG_0*%Oil_10 - 212 %PEG_0*%Oil_15 - 4391 %PEG_0*%Oil_20 + 303 %PEG_3*%Oil_5 - 524 %PEG_3*%Oil_10 + 486 %PEG_3*%Oil_15 - 265 %PEG_3*%Oil_20 - 491 %PEG_6*%Oil_5 - 158 %PEG_6*%Oil_10 - 1581 %PEG_6*%Oil_15 + 2230 %PEG_6*%Oil_20 - 1981 %PEG_9*%Oil_5 - 1752 %PEG_9*%Oil_10 + 1307 %PEG_9*%Oil_15 + 2426 %PEG_9*%Oil_20
- 63 %Oil_5*CL_6 - 1573 %Oil_5*CL_10 + 1636 %Oil_5*CL_17 - 2745 %Oil_10*CL_ 6 + 3850 %Oil_10*CL_10
- 1105 %Oil_10*CL_17 + 316 %Oil_15*CL_6 + 713 %Oil_15*CL_10 - 1029 %Oil_15*CL_17 + 2492 %Oil_20*CL_6 - 2990 %Oil_20*CL_10 + 498 %Oil_20*CL_20
Increase in
η (mPa.s) = 4038 - 588 %PEG_0 + 1654 %PEG_3 + 146 %PEG_6 - 1212 %PEG_9 - 3776 %Oil_5 - 2218 %Oil_10 + 2057 %Oil_15 + 3937 %Oil_20 - 1070 CL_6 - 3818 CL_10 + 4888 CL_17 + 863 %Oil_5*CL_6 + 4284 %Oil_5*CL_10 - 5148 %Oil_5*CL_17 + 1595 %Oil_10*CL_6 + 2148 %Oil_10*CL_10 - 3743 %Oil_10*CL_17 - 1088 %Oil_15*CL_6 - 2276 %Oil_15*CL_15 + 3364 %Oil_15*CL_17 - 1370 %Oil_20*CL_6 - 4157 %Oil_20*CL_10 + 5527 %Oil_20*CL_17
2. Viscosity diagram of optimized formulation
Figure 1 – Viscosity diagram of sample 15
