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Supporting information:

Figure S1 The time trend of dengue ASR. ASR, age-

standardized incidence rate

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Figure S2 The global trends in the incidence of dengue infection in

126 countries and territories. (A) The ASRs of dengue infection in

2011; (B) The EAPCs of dengue ASRs from 1990 to 2011; (C) The

EAPCs of dengue ASRs from 1990 to 2019. ASR, age-standardized

incidence rate; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change

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Figure S3 The number of dengue episodes by age group, and

by SDI region, from 1990 to 2019. SDI: Socio-demographic Index

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Table S1 The number of dengue episodes and age-standardized incidence rates (ASR, per 100 000) of dengue infection in 1990 and 2019, and their temporal trends from 1990 to 2019

Number of incident cases (thousands) Age-standardized incidence rate (ASR, per 100 000)

Countries/ Territories 1990 (95% UI) 2019 (95% UI) Percentage change

(%) 1990-2019

1990 (95% UI) 2011 (95% UI) 2019 (95% UI) EAPC (95% CI)

1990-2011

EAPC (95% CI) 2011- 2019

EAPC (95% CI) 1990-2019 Afghanistan 23.37 (2.10,62.26) 73.34 (2.07,198.10) 213.81 207.99 (25.08,543.90) 225.36 (53.62,512.68) 195.68 (13.70,514.57) 0.27 (0.12,0.43) -1.78 (-2.16,-1.40) -0.09 (-0.24,0.07) American Samoa 0.94 (0.39,1.68) 1.88 (0.44,3.68) 100.38 1849.85 (804.66,3231.20) 2187.44 (822.87,3951.58) 3447.26 (781.20,6776.49) 0.86 (-0.29,2.01) 5.95 (4.33,7.60) 1.26 (0.61,1.91) Angola 52.14 (20.73,92.42) 138.15 (38.66,274.63) 164.97 515.47 (223.75,898.62) 1095.34 (682.87,1502.04) 477.76 (168.05,905.47) 4.04 (3.05,5.04) -10.06 (-13.97,-5.97) 0.91 (-0.29,2.11) Antigua and Barbuda 0.44 (0.33,0.57) 0.60 (0.41,0.83) 36.57 730.70 (550.76,930.50) 1077.46 (702.43,1532.91) 679.96 (453.85,952.22) 1.80 (1.40,2.20) -6.23 (-7.03,-5.42) -0.07 (-0.75,0.61) Argentina 74.96 (12.84,188.76) 111.96 (36.11,249.46) 49.36 226.73 (39.39,570.16) 246.32 (86.96,516.54) 246.29 (77.11,552.48) 0.41 (0.33,0.50) -0.18 (-1.44,1.09) 0.58 (0.45,0.70) Australia 37.61 (5.34,97.52) 55.23 (10.39,136.16) 46.86 223.62 (30.81,581.71) 230.94 (51.02,549.11) 223.32 (40.49,552.18) 0.06 (-0.06,0.18) -0.34 (-0.55,-0.14) 0.12 (0.05,0.19) Bahamas 1.71 (1.20,2.33) 2.31 (1.44,3.42) 34.64 677.69 (496.22,900.72) 956.69 (677.11,1265.86) 609.06 (370.97,915.10) 1.60 (1.12,2.09) -6.07 (-6.79,-5.33) -0.28 (-0.96,0.41) Bangladesh 794.16 (404.70,1358.94) 1481.55 (1118.98,2011.11) 86.56 734.57 (396.90,1235.26) 1004.84 (818.60,1225.49) 922.89 (697.19,1262.38) 1.59 (1.42,1.76) -1.22 (-1.44,-1.00) 1.12 (0.92,1.33) Barbados 2.71 (2.12,3.62) 3.61 (2.57,4.56) 32.98 1046.68 (814.35,1413.54) 2260.49 (931.98,3806.51) 1182.79 (867.59,1475.79) 2.66 (1.88,3.45) -9.37 (-11.39,-7.30) 0.81 (-0.08,1.71) Belize 1.73 (1.26,2.34) 9.24 (3.36,16.86) 433.24 936.89 (722.52,1237.03) 2784.94 (853.07,5067.14) 2199.29 (813.23,3971.18) 5.56 (4.99,6.14) -3.72 (-7.04,-0.28) 4.59 (3.89,5.30) Benin 38.44 (20.43,65.03) 78.12 (15.54,172.02) 103.19 809.23 (462.42,1337.41) 860.58 (562.91,1308.83) 650.46 (185.43,1351.09) 0.35 (0.25,0.46) -3.74 (-4.20,-3.28) -0.47 (-0.77,-0.17) Bhutan 2.79 (1.27,4.82) 4.41 (3.15,5.93) 58.06 457.70 (223.91,781.44) 641.03 (538.94,763.45) 580.95 (417.56,789.63) 1.79 (1.62,1.97) -1.37 (-1.66,-1.08) 1.26 (1.03,1.49) Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 20.75 (7.16,42.55) 114.12 (48.46,198.30) 450.00 337.60 (138.80,661.39) 1365.19 (411.78,2525.54) 953.40 (406.47,1644.06) 8.10 (6.85,9.35) -4.94 (-5.62,-4.25) 5.73 (4.63,6.84) Brazil 1059.54 (704.91,1443.76) 2132.77 (1913.08,2347.92) 101.29 709.26 (477.81,962.97) 1566.28 (911.39,2260.32) 977.97 (890.97,1062.88) 4.12 (3.24,5.00) -6.90 (-8.73,-5.02) 1.29 (0.23,2.36) Brunei Darussalam 2.02 (0.98,3.61) 3.83 (2.40,5.94) 89.55 792.25 (401.83,1405.85) 993.12 (752.58,1355.98) 861.24 (507.74,1391.93) 1.46 (1.16,1.75) -1.96 (-2.65,-1.28) 0.88 (0.60,1.17) Burkina Faso 62.31 (32.94,99.05) 113.65 (23.94,238.05) 82.39 665.53 (387.21,1032.90) 714.71 (489.12,1012.15) 529.89 (156.98,1045.90) 0.46 (0.36,0.55) -3.92 (-4.33,-3.51) -0.44 (-0.77,-0.12) Burundi 19.11 (7.19,37.48) 36.10 (7.77,79.19) 88.85 349.13 (142.35,673.84) 375.44 (195.58,658.87) 305.30 (74.08,660.13) 0.89 (0.61,1.17) -2.47 (-3.75,-1.17) -0.35 (-0.77,0.07) Cabo Verde 2.56 (1.74,3.62) 3.19 (1.29,5.75) 24.72 729.32 (523.65,1013.39) 823.98 (685.65,992.47) 578.70 (251.14,1020.97) 0.75 (0.55,0.94) -4.56 (-4.83,-4.28) -0.24 (-0.62,0.15) Cambodia 107.13 (73.86,160.99) 194.69 (147.10,263.08) 81.72 1043.82 (758.14,1551.06) 1323.31 (974.16,1659.96) 1171.37 (887.80,1594.67) 1.78 (1.27,2.29) -2.40 (-3.90,-0.89) 0.76 (0.32,1.20) Cameroon 73.65 (41.17,120.68) 158.27 (36.55,335.67) 114.90 723.43 (431.78,1161.03) 760.94 (510.75,1103.20) 571.85 (181.66,1142.15) 0.39 (0.25,0.53) -3.66 (-3.85,-3.47) -0.41 (-0.71,-0.11)

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Central African Republic 17.50 (7.43,30.87) 28.43 (6.03,60.67) 62.42 650.70 (294.98,1129.21) 1213.65 (822.70,1579.82) 552.53 (145.98,1142.64) 3.34 (2.46,4.22) -9.56 (-13.11,-5.86) 0.49 (-0.58,1.58)

Chad 35.50 (18.71,56.46) 72.62 (13.00,151.81) 104.57 603.24 (339.36,939.15) 614.21 (382.64,913.36) 468.94 (127.59,919.16) 0.13 (0.00,0.26) -3.49 (-3.75,-3.24) -0.55 (-0.81,-0.29)

China 1558.42 (1189.69,1916.42) 6096.83 (2151.66,11566.65) 291.22 131.68 (101.20,161.49) 344.18 (158.50,606.24) 467.22 (161.82,901.62) 5.25 (4.93,5.56) 5.13 (2.97,7.34) 4.83 (4.57,5.09) Colombia 308.50 (195.25,449.00) 401.36 (288.02,528.37) 30.10 942.27 (597.48,1354.62) 1314.67 (626.65,2157.89) 835.06 (602.95,1096.44) 1.07 (-0.06,2.21) -6.30 (-7.31,-5.28) 0.61 (-0.11,1.33) Comoros 3.18 (1.46,5.58) 4.30 (1.38,8.37) 34.94 690.64 (343.11,1188.80) 772.36 (493.96,1160.53) 603.01 (200.47,1168.46) 1.08 (0.81,1.35) -3.05 (-4.56,-1.51) -0.37 (-0.85,0.12) Congo 18.80 (9.46,32.58) 35.41 (12.26,69.68) 88.37 779.90 (421.87,1326.92) 1754.85 (957.17,2539.94) 698.89 (276.82,1324.89) 4.41 (3.30,5.52) -11.20 (-15.38,-6.81) 0.93 (-0.39,2.27) Cook Islands 0.32 (0.11,0.59) 0.94 (0.11,2.00) 199.87 1591.25 (598.52,2946.57) 2063.09 (625.20,3924.12) 5246.76 1.20 (0.07,2.35) 12.91 (9.78,16.14) 3.07 (2.13,4.01) Costa Rica 30.92 (22.36,41.67) 44.78 (34.57,56.13) 44.81 1020.80 (731.37,1363.67) 1826.81 (763.46,3077.84) 939.02 (733.96,1163.53) 3.99 (3.12,4.86) -9.24 (-11.24,-7.19) 1.50 (0.44,2.57)

Cuba 88.46 (52.30,143.12) 72.27 (21.97,146.89) -18.30 809.16 (471.15,1325.51) 738.74 (350.93,1284.90) 638.66 (192.31,1298.05) -0.04 (-0.23,0.15) -2.05 (-2.84,-1.26) -0.79 (-1.04,-0.53)

Cote d'Ivoire 98.40 (52.95,166.67) 161.73 (34.38,361.75) 64.37 819.05 (477.66,1361.87) 858.71 (550.63,1313.16) 648.12 (183.28,1381.03) 0.32 (0.20,0.44) -3.72 (-4.08,-3.35) -0.46 (-0.75,-0.16) Democratic Republic of the Congo 235.84 (106.24,401.74) 459.21 (126.83,900.01) 94.71 624.97 (308.34,1043.60) 1239.92 (770.53,1692.12) 541.64 (183.05,1018.82) 3.71 (2.78,4.65) -10.05 (-13.86,-6.07) 0.64 (-0.52,1.81) Djibouti 3.58 (1.82,5.98) 7.66 (2.64,14.97) 113.58 750.82 (413.42,1229.02) 819.37 (528.45,1205.16) 648.32 (235.02,1259.29) 1.00 (0.72,1.28) -2.77 (-4.25,-1.27) -0.37 (-0.82,0.09) Dominica 1.11 (0.56,1.85) 0.54 (0.36,0.78) -51.18 1472.94 (738.73,2444.01) 2399.40 (794.51,4297.29) 783.47 (518.67,1137.72) 0.88 (-0.40,2.17) -14.20 (-16.47,-11.86) -1.73 (-2.93,-0.51) Dominican Republic 44.78 (15.60,86.14) 77.77 (40.00,132.24) 73.70 639.54 (257.46,1189.35) 1114.38 (837.76,1374.36) 718.70 (370.01,1221.41) 3.11 (2.82,3.41) -6.20 (-7.98,-4.40) 1.34 (0.63,2.05) Ecuador 51.96 (31.26,78.76) 98.60 (66.39,139.70) 89.77 541.42 (360.13,778.55) 538.28 (367.36,785.82) 560.08 (378.76,795.32) -0.47 (-2.01,1.11) 0.73 (-1.87,3.39) -1.01 (-1.84,-0.16) Egypt 109.64 (14.39,290.40) 182.97 (4.61,515.20) 66.89 203.57 (37.29,521.64) 198.84 (30.33,482.79) 185.89 (6.57,520.25) -0.01 (-0.16,0.14) -0.88 (-1.29,-0.46) -0.38 (-0.52,-0.24) El Salvador 43.81 (30.25,64.35) 81.44 (50.08,121.30) 85.90 847.93 (624.39,1203.69) 1395.05 (821.23,2048.91) 1286.07 (792.47,1899.99) 2.29 (1.75,2.85) 4.35 (-3.53,12.86) 3.51 (2.77,4.26) Equatorial Guinea 2.81 (1.14,5.20) 9.10 (3.49,16.90) 224.26 670.77 (294.79,1218.96) 1826.00 (896.06,2767.61) 667.52 (316.01,1171.89) 5.55 (4.38,6.73) -12.17 (-16.66,-7.44) 1.52 (0.02,3.04) Eritrea 10.81 (3.69,21.30) 22.05 (5.05,46.53) 104.03 364.71 (137.84,709.06) 393.06 (193.13,676.59) 329.99 (80.94,689.78) 0.80 (0.54,1.05) -2.00 (-3.00,-0.99) -0.30 (-0.66,0.07) Ethiopia 173.63 (60.04,306.49) 339.51 (82.57,652.38) 95.54 341.64 (130.17,596.48) 373.35 (194.37,584.15) 315.23 (86.62,595.14) 0.87 (0.65,1.09) -2.02 (-3.23,-0.80) -0.21 (-0.57,0.15)

Fiji 15.10 (6.50,26.23) 35.66 (7.92,71.84) 136.17 2158.60 (852.49,3676.16) 1529.43 (885.94,2227.19) 3983.59 (878.61,7962.74) -5.08 (-7.73,-2.35) 14.91 (11.00,18.96) -2.80 (-4.61,-0.94)

Gabon 8.26 (4.74,13.44) 12.61 (5.31,23.41) 52.72 846.70 (514.45,1354.12) 1996.47 (957.76,3020.71) 744.62 (349.24,1337.85) 4.61 (3.49,5.74) -11.93 (-16.44,-7.19) 0.88 (-0.51,2.30) Gambia 7.07 (4.03,11.16) 12.11 (2.67,25.16) 71.37 726.77 (441.30,1123.40) 759.27 (514.83,1073.53) 565.44 (173.03,1107.36) 0.30 (0.20,0.39) -3.83 (-4.13,-3.53) -0.53 (-0.83,-0.22) Ghana 125.72 (70.84,210.02) 202.19 (52.69,424.68) 60.83 851.27 (509.15,1395.89) 907.87 (624.76,1366.82) 669.54 (218.26,1344.01) 0.39 (0.27,0.51) -3.87 (-4.21,-3.53) -0.48 (-0.80,-0.16) Grenada 0.86 (0.60,1.30) 1.39 (0.91,1.88) 62.56 1009.56 (734.38,1483.85) 1499.77 (967.10,2063.44) 1353.63 (889.01,1827.78) 1.77 (1.27,2.28) -1.27 (-2.05,-0.48) 0.70 (0.27,1.13) Guatemala 62.14 (38.14,90.49) 134.20 (85.36,190.97) 115.97 810.70 (477.79,1177.01) 854.67 (499.38,1255.71) 745.13 (477.77,1044.85) 0.72 (0.36,1.08) -2.59 (-3.86,-1.30) 0.25 (-0.05,0.55) Guinea 47.88 (23.82,83.33) 76.46 (14.41,166.38) 59.67 792.79 (419.98,1355.71) 832.84 (511.44,1321.46) 631.46 (167.00,1304.38) 0.29 (0.18,0.39) -3.56 (-3.79,-3.33) -0.47 (-0.75,-0.19) Guinea-Bissau 7.16 (3.60,12.10) 10.62 (1.96,22.84) 48.38 721.29 (389.80,1196.82) 758.88 (462.52,1169.32) 584.55 (153.68,1192.65) 0.29 (0.18,0.39) -3.47 (-3.79,-3.14) -0.42 (-0.69,-0.15)

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Guyana 6.81 (4.01,11.33) 8.45 (6.59,11.15) 24.10 907.15 (578.42,1461.05) 1522.03 (949.97,2084.62) 1097.85 (859.75,1454.25) 2.26 (1.93,2.58) -4.32 (-4.75,-3.89) 1.08 (0.60,1.56) Haiti 46.49 (22.99,83.67) 83.45 (31.56,157.82) 79.49 765.41 (422.32,1316.05) 879.32 (618.00,1216.14) 672.08 (256.33,1274.72) 0.63 (-0.38,1.65) -3.65 (-4.11,-3.18) -0.90 (-1.60,-0.18) Honduras 44.62 (34.38,58.84) 126.56 (68.92,200.77) 183.60 980.50 (722.11,1307.31) 2577.21 (734.58,4859.39) 1285.51 (698.42,2017.67) 3.32 (2.51,4.13) -9.86 (-11.78,-7.90) 0.91 (-0.11,1.94)

India 16443.58 27991.97 70.23 1943.39 (453.69,5181.79) 2105.99 (860.21,4787.43) 2020.83 (667.80,5240.95) 0.45 (0.42,0.49) -0.45 (-0.59,-0.30) 0.19 (0.11,0.28)

Indonesia 2173.18 (618.62,9995.52) 2655.18 (2243.01,3450.63) 22.18 1143.41 (328.46,5182.99) 1049.39 (875.41,1418.41) 1037.02 (881.07,1342.97) 0.03 (-0.31,0.37) -0.54 (-1.16,0.08) 0.06 (-0.12,0.25) Jamaica 17.25 (7.45,31.45) 21.08 (9.30,39.36) 22.24 749.28 (360.00,1306.85) 813.91 (481.11,1307.60) 736.74 (320.16,1386.32) -0.34 (-1.24,0.58) -1.29 (-1.44,-1.14) -0.82 (-1.31,-0.32) Jordan 8.11 (1.23,21.27) 24.55 (2.77,64.45) 202.83 224.93 (53.63,556.54) 285.13 (157.63,510.06) 220.93 (40.22,553.63) 1.29 (1.06,1.52) -3.35 (-4.62,-2.06) 0.26 (-0.11,0.64) Kenya 103.39 (45.76,156.12) 195.26 (49.75,344.13) 88.86 450.54 (217.09,667.47) 379.31 (101.55,662.43) 386.14 (104.83,674.37) -0.99 (-1.13,-0.85) 0.18 (0.09,0.28) -0.63 (-0.77,-0.49)

Kiribati 1.37 (0.69,2.22) 9.71 (1.12,21.06) 611.13 1809.97 (939.55,2860.67) 5351.54 (975.67,10635.98) 8050.59 5.09 (3.36,6.85) 5.36 (4.55,6.18) 3.75 (2.75,4.75)

Kuwait 6.23 (1.73,12.76) 14.55 (2.69,32.25) 133.58 389.98 (154.50,732.96) 524.83 (382.77,732.40) 362.64 (96.96,755.84) 1.60 (1.30,1.91) -4.67 (-6.08,-3.24) 0.25 (-0.25,0.75) Lao People's Democratic Republic 28.39 (12.70,49.71) 94.47 (56.76,140.59) 232.80 728.86 (392.69,1193.72) 1538.30 (832.59,2324.04) 1319.73 (796.44,1933.54) 1.89 (0.87,2.92) -1.20 (-2.83,0.47) 1.52 (0.96,2.09) Lebanon 9.32 (2.21,20.79) 14.67 (3.65,32.37) 57.47 296.25 (84.79,637.79) 407.20 (282.75,613.41) 286.48 (71.13,632.12) 1.74 (1.41,2.06) -4.36 (-5.74,-2.95) 0.43 (-0.06,0.91) Liberia 15.01 (7.67,25.23) 29.37 (6.55,63.02) 95.69 772.30 (425.98,1273.86) 854.91 (577.09,1253.62) 637.21 (185.17,1304.44) 0.55 (0.43,0.66) -3.84 (-4.24,-3.44) -0.35 (-0.67,-0.02) Madagascar 53.38 (23.09,94.66) 102.66 (24.87,210.38) 92.33 452.44 (211.01,788.67) 477.24 (266.35,762.86) 386.96 (102.83,783.69) 0.82 (0.50,1.15) -2.39 (-3.70,-1.06) -0.51 (-0.96,-0.06) Malawi 41.57 (18.28,72.70) 70.12 (17.73,142.60) 68.66 441.96 (211.00,759.74) 474.23 (271.11,744.72) 378.32 (106.82,758.92) 0.88 (0.61,1.16) -2.80 (-4.10,-1.48) -0.46 (-0.91,-0.01) Malaysia 167.41 (111.59,252.18) 457.68 (277.43,675.96) 173.40 947.42 (648.65,1425.78) 1300.00 (901.43,1682.90) 1468.76 (894.29,2150.69) 1.71 (1.55,1.86) 1.05 (-0.73,2.86) 1.90 (1.73,2.08) Maldives 0.61 (0.28,1.33) 3.03 (1.13,5.32) 393.58 275.46 (135.82,596.06) 1214.96 (246.80,2338.77) 593.17 (233.42,997.96) 6.56 (4.28,8.89) -9.12 (-9.71,-8.52) 1.90 (0.02,3.80)

Mali 54.59 (28.38,88.33) 107.98 (22.02,225.13) 97.80 645.52 (361.14,1022.81) 694.44 (457.98,1002.70) 521.13 (153.99,1019.58) 0.48 (0.38,0.57) -3.79 (-4.14,-3.44) -0.41 (-0.73,-0.09)

Marshall Islands 0.80 (0.40,1.32) 2.52 (0.50,5.26) 216.38 1642.68 (857.84,2568.06) 1882.34 (890.52,3005.67) 4441.00 (881.71,9121.69) 0.65 (-0.22,1.53) 11.93 (9.10,14.84) 2.54 (1.69,3.40) Mauritania 10.44 (6.11,15.89) 15.51 (4.54,30.80) 48.53 515.75 (322.26,768.86) 565.34 (421.08,753.93) 404.97 (152.32,755.59) 0.51 (0.40,0.63) -4.29 (-4.54,-4.04) -0.41 (-0.76,-0.07) Mauritius 8.93 (6.57,11.69) 15.58 (9.52,22.96) 74.52 813.81 (613.16,1060.96) 1272.67 (768.72,1897.92) 1233.13 (754.73,1865.04) 2.36 (2.25,2.47) 0.25 (-0.87,1.39) 1.60 (1.34,1.85) Mexico 399.17 (313.56,500.43) 778.69 (671.51,881.46) 95.08 483.82 (409.83,575.74) 526.91 (478.99,590.97) 620.26 (539.60,696.81) -0.46 (-0.87,-0.06) 1.45 (-0.29,3.22) 0.64 (0.22,1.07) Micronesia (Federated States of) 1.70 (0.72,3.12) 3.77 (0.70,7.90) 121.66 1497.10 (686.55,2615.09) 2110.40 (715.95,3946.70) 3648.91 (685.84,7429.88) 0.60 (-0.79,2.02) 7.93 (6.73,9.14) 0.98 (0.16,1.81) Mozambique 74.44 (30.63,131.27) 148.38 (38.65,297.18) 99.31 577.84 (256.10,1001.24) 634.78 (360.59,982.63) 506.92 (149.59,996.86) 0.96 (0.68,1.24) -2.68 (-3.97,-1.37) -0.41 (-0.86,0.05) Myanmar 263.71 (87.02,512.50) 392.55 (192.03,669.28) 48.86 639.40 (215.06,1243.97) 820.42 (560.37,1177.40) 724.60 (358.65,1233.58) 1.68 (1.37,2.00) -1.26 (-3.14,0.67) 1.34 (1.05,1.62)

Nauru 0.05 (0.02,0.08) 0.71 (0.02,1.63) 1256.58 491.97 (219.78,767.97) 1035.06 (229.48,2044.07) 5703.39 1.99 (1.31,2.67) 21.13 (12.68,30.20) 8.36 (6.27,10.50)

Nepal 122.78 (56.79,209.78) 234.99 (159.29,331.57) 91.39 639.36 (318.77,1075.22) 838.45 (689.07,1037.71) 764.25 (517.47,1085.56) 1.45 (1.35,1.55) -1.32 (-1.55,-1.08) 0.92 (0.72,1.12) Nicaragua 38.28 (30.11,47.71) 106.56 (49.93,177.38) 178.35 1046.70 (779.94,1317.40) 1149.37 (815.68,1518.38) 1627.40 (767.04,2690.08) 0.52 (-0.43,1.48) 1.82 (-1.49,5.25) 2.01 (1.28,2.74)

(7)

Niger 44.28 (22.57,72.29) 99.59 (19.06,206.49) 124.88 565.37 (315.62,901.33) 608.23 (401.25,866.35) 456.11 (135.69,880.72) 0.47 (0.35,0.59) -3.78 (-4.11,-3.46) -0.37 (-0.68,-0.06) Nigeria 721.54 (392.35,1011.60) 1312.08 (294.11,2393.08) 81.84 812.78 (469.84,1122.09) 879.00 (589.53,1114.90) 641.38 (198.95,1103.17) 0.45 (0.31,0.59) -4.10 (-4.45,-3.74) -0.44 (-0.77,-0.10)

Niue 0.06 (0.02,0.12) 0.15 (0.02,0.31) 129.28 2707.12 (920.78,4924.34) 3684.36 (967.41,6948.48) 8749.54 1.53 (0.44,2.64) 11.98 (8.95,15.08) 3.16 (2.30,4.03)

Northern Mariana Islands 1.42 (0.41,2.75) 3.63 (0.38,7.87) 156.00 2962.23 (909.10,5549.87) 3758.18 (924.95,7175.52) 8687.22 1.08 (-0.20,2.37) 11.61 (8.99,14.29) 2.49 (1.59,3.39)

Oman 9.25 (1.96,18.82) 20.69 (2.67,44.94) 123.70 516.73 (169.86,970.33) 718.35 (509.84,993.93) 509.84 (127.34,1015.39) 1.76 (1.50,2.02) -4.38 (-5.87,-2.87) 0.37 (-0.13,0.87)

Pakistan 702.32 (370.92,1145.15) 1532.03 (1018.91,2188.54) 118.14 632.98 (356.23,1014.29) 771.40 (612.26,975.72) 684.84 (463.16,977.69) 1.03 (0.88,1.18) -1.64 (-1.90,-1.39) 0.61 (0.42,0.80)

Palau 0.40 (0.13,0.78) 1.31 (0.16,2.73) 222.25 2510.37 (842.14,4696.64) 3180.16 (897.41,6019.48) 7536.07 1.10 (-0.07,2.28) 11.94 (9.00,14.95) 2.73 (1.84,3.64)

Palestine 5.55 (1.01,13.21) 12.59 (1.18,30.71) 126.91 283.88 (78.10,635.77) 340.12 (174.84,612.21) 265.14 (44.57,614.95) 0.93 (0.71,1.16) -3.13 (-4.29,-1.94) 0.05 (-0.28,0.38) Panama 21.96 (14.67,32.94) 40.07 (29.48,57.00) 82.49 930.53 (654.12,1366.16) 962.40 (725.15,1337.11) 959.37 (707.21,1365.91) 0.73 (0.28,1.19) -0.21 (-0.77,0.35) 0.37 (0.10,0.63) Papua New Guinea 24.70 (12.00,41.84) 288.04 (69.07,590.41) 1066.38 628.76 (347.30,1021.92) 1264.37 (716.89,1936.34) 2943.60 (705.36,5895.13) 3.71 (2.22,5.22) 11.80 (9.18,14.49) 4.43 (3.55,5.33) Paraguay 30.32 (20.83,43.11) 95.98 (49.93,153.91) 216.56 761.13 (547.76,1057.77) 1848.60 (754.42,3156.35) 1357.88 (717.47,2140.26) 3.30 (2.01,4.60) -4.58 (-7.73,-1.33) 1.75 (0.88,2.63)

Peru 96.62 (58.70,153.51) 192.17 (154.09,248.33) 98.90 451.06 (290.85,699.84) 594.60 (487.64,714.89) 560.89 (448.95,730.67) 1.74 (1.41,2.07) 1.33 (-1.77,4.53) 1.97 (1.68,2.27)

Philippines 392.06 (79.37,730.09) 1832.71 (1165.38,2979.23) 367.46 629.16 (148.95,1147.73) 1345.33 (1057.94,1802.05) 1619.95 3.99 (3.43,4.56) 2.14 (1.08,3.21) 3.71 (3.40,4.03) Puerto Rico 40.15 (29.81,51.33) 37.13 (29.07,45.51) -7.53 1107.18 (823.41,1410.32) 1849.74 (869.64,3018.24) 1041.35 (807.21,1282.68) 2.49 (1.99,2.99) -7.73 (-8.68,-6.77) 0.14 (-0.71,1.00) Rwanda 22.09 (8.08,45.38) 36.57 (9.77,79.26) 65.53 311.94 (124.09,631.04) 350.31 (190.09,609.48) 288.81 (81.78,620.30) 1.13 (0.86,1.40) -2.27 (-3.52,-1.00) -0.08 (-0.49,0.33) Saint Kitts and Nevis 0.38 (0.29,0.51) 0.52 (0.38,0.72) 37.72 923.72 (714.73,1216.01) 1412.33 (845.95,2087.67) 879.65 (622.95,1236.11) 1.92 (1.44,2.41) -6.47 (-7.36,-5.58) -0.04 (-0.77,0.68) Saint Lucia 1.34 (0.92,2.02) 1.75 (1.26,2.50) 30.03 1001.95 (731.82,1454.60) 1394.31 (939.77,1859.66) 1001.57 (713.48,1448.05) 1.43 (0.86,2.01) -4.49 (-5.03,-3.94) -0.08 (-0.66,0.51) Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1.84 (0.95,3.01) 0.99 (0.65,1.54) -45.92 1619.38 (847.81,2580.22) 1403.40 (879.22,1941.29) 882.58 (569.16,1373.25) 0.53 (-1.63,2.73) -6.18 (-6.98,-5.37) -3.03 (-4.56,-1.47) Samoa 3.07 (1.29,5.64) 9.82 (1.70,20.78) 219.91 1736.76 (770.67,3016.80) 2633.40 (807.03,4855.77) 4444.48 (792.06,9150.63) 1.27 (0.83,1.71) 6.53 (4.62,8.47) 3.19 (2.54,3.86) Sao Tome and Principe 1.04 (0.58,1.70) 1.37 (0.38,2.91) 32.49 857.15 (521.93,1380.30) 937.40 (669.60,1366.75) 692.98 (236.41,1400.19) 0.46 (0.33,0.59) -4.02 (-4.40,-3.63) -0.37 (-0.69,-0.05) Saudi Arabia 41.25 (5.07,100.06) 92.57 (11.16,224.91) 124.42 260.08 (39.82,620.50) 365.86 (214.84,609.18) 283.18 (58.88,648.02) 1.75 (1.37,2.13) -3.42 (-4.60,-2.23) 0.75 (0.34,1.16) Senegal 50.39 (27.61,79.08) 76.39 (18.11,157.57) 51.62 672.54 (398.62,1032.59) 712.63 (482.93,1014.96) 526.58 (166.14,1031.26) 0.37 (0.26,0.49) -3.86 (-4.10,-3.62) -0.48 (-0.79,-0.17) Seychelles 0.35 (0.22,0.54) 7.46 (0.50,16.29) 2034.94 473.14 (298.23,726.45) 1396.26 (520.67,2506.74) 7529.72 4.18 (3.35,5.02) 25.40 (16.90,34.53) 10.73 (8.52,12.98) Sierra Leone 28.35 (15.11,48.35) 49.60 (10.52,108.83) 74.95 789.18 (438.82,1324.38) 821.04 (513.41,1254.10) 626.00 (180.28,1303.46) 0.30 (0.20,0.40) -3.50 (-3.68,-3.31) -0.45 (-0.73,-0.17) Singapore 28.73 (19.51,43.44) 58.23 (43.93,79.53) 102.69 928.30 (615.90,1441.33) 1048.28 (829.97,1443.17) 1013.87 (738.37,1448.53) 1.09 (0.55,1.63) -1.53 (-4.77,1.82) 1.01 (0.61,1.42) Solomon Islands 3.72 (2.59,5.58) 25.59 (5.63,53.45) 587.24 1047.85 (726.51,1609.95) 1950.99 (872.96,3172.73) 3797.55 (860.73,7657.75) 2.40 (2.00,2.79) 8.36 (5.21,11.62) 4.42 (3.73,5.11) Somalia 37.94 (15.09,68.70) 92.71 (18.53,191.16) 144.35 538.17 (232.85,956.61) 550.89 (265.12,924.70) 461.02 (105.21,936.92) 0.57 (0.33,0.80) -2.11 (-3.27,-0.94) -0.49 (-0.85,-0.14) South Sudan 27.71 (12.15,48.08) 37.36 (8.02,77.00) 34.81 475.09 (222.82,812.72) 495.86 (260.10,813.58) 404.23 (97.40,821.13) 0.72 (0.44,1.00) -2.42 (-3.64,-1.19) -0.51 (-0.93,-0.10)

(8)

Sri Lanka 120.41 (42.03,236.75) 285.26 (190.82,386.19) 136.91 696.81 (247.67,1370.52) 1141.02 (928.61,1381.58) 1329.64 (879.91,1821.17) 2.59 (2.11,3.08) 2.19 (1.83,2.55) 2.88 (2.60,3.15) Sudan 62.62 (7.74,144.36) 142.86 (43.95,287.32) 128.15 319.98 (56.11,713.60) 380.33 (170.09,673.54) 357.65 (125.69,697.66) 1.06 (0.90,1.23) -1.12 (-1.80,-0.44) 0.65 (0.46,0.83) Suriname 5.11 (3.44,6.76) 5.83 (4.02,8.69) 14.04 1348.38 (881.59,1795.09) 1383.51 (956.52,1769.99) 1011.20 (691.54,1514.04) 0.80 (-0.30,1.91) -4.20 (-5.00,-3.38) -1.16 (-2.00,-0.32) Syrian Arab Republic 27.20 (4.02,69.50) 30.37 (4.12,79.30) 11.68 218.93 (49.59,531.91) 276.71 (150.91,500.35) 212.59 (35.00,545.25) 1.28 (1.03,1.54) -3.41 (-4.68,-2.13) 0.26 (-0.12,0.64) Taiwan (Province of China) 260.36 (170.38,366.87) 615.57 (194.26,1144.89) 136.43 1269.41 (835.13,1767.69) 2392.85 (888.54,4272.47) 2756.23 (832.95,5230.62) 3.54 (3.33,3.75) 2.90 (0.86,4.98) 2.87 (2.59,3.14) Thailand 798.03 (499.38,1113.11) 699.67 (508.75,1009.40) -12.33 1389.11 (875.56,1906.71) 1041.18 (812.18,1405.07) 1071.76 (817.13,1461.00) -1.59 (-2.19,-0.98) 0.27 (-0.68,1.24) -0.90 (-1.29,-0.51) Timor-Leste 5.74 (2.35,10.65) 14.70 (11.24,19.09) 156.11 748.17 (327.61,1371.13) 1070.69 (865.40,1294.60) 1081.21 (840.70,1380.49) 2.19 (1.93,2.46) 0.44 (-0.02,0.90) 1.62 (1.39,1.85)

Togo 29.18 (16.31,47.92) 48.08 (11.20,104.48) 64.77 809.48 (493.53,1300.40) 839.68 (549.23,1260.31) 634.51 (189.90,1316.39) 0.33 (0.20,0.46) -3.58 (-3.77,-3.40) -0.45 (-0.74,-0.15)

Tokelau 0.03 (0.01,0.05) 0.08 (0.01,0.16) 181.38 1600.17 (805.39,2673.83) 2133.58 (806.17,3802.83) 5421.64 1.42 (0.36,2.48) 12.99 (9.86,16.21) 3.30 (2.38,4.22)

Tonga 3.96 (0.81,8.29) 3.28 (0.85,6.45) -17.01 3905.13 (821.13,8019.19) 2275.98 (868.52,4107.77) 3312.81 (819.65,6477.92) -2.31 (-2.68,-1.95) 5.25 (4.44,6.06) -0.64 (-1.25,-0.03) Trinidad and Tobago 13.82 (10.80,17.77) 13.63 (9.49,20.70) -1.38 1183.82 (893.43,1487.66) 1281.42 (974.45,1567.87) 966.27 (644.14,1504.62) 0.54 (-0.02,1.11) -4.51 (-6.47,-2.51) -0.72 (-1.26,-0.17) Tuvalu 0.14 (0.07,0.23) 0.56 (0.09,1.17) 299.13 1506.33 (811.80,2473.90) 1911.39 (805.89,3270.64) 4677.83 (797.77,9631.44) 1.12 (0.01,2.24) 12.45 (9.75,15.22) 2.83 (1.93,3.74) Uganda 81.85 (37.12,140.69) 168.22 (45.95,339.20) 105.53 482.53 (240.41,812.20) 516.34 (310.24,790.94) 412.40 (126.43,815.70) 0.91 (0.61,1.22) -2.69 (-4.22,-1.14) -0.47 (-0.94,-0.01) United Republic of Tanzania 126.79 (61.47,213.12) 234.08 (65.94,454.19) 84.62 496.88 (260.52,819.15) 532.96 (322.81,815.85) 417.29 (130.72,796.35) 0.91 (0.60,1.23) -2.79 (-4.23,-1.33) -0.52 (-1.00,-0.04) United States of America 14.30 (10.52,18.02) 24.73 (18.15,31.47) 72.88 5.52 (3.94,7.04) 8.16 (6.42,9.80) 7.14 (5.11,9.22) 1.30 (0.31,2.30) -2.59 (-6.50,1.49) 2.35 (1.57,3.13) United States Virgin Islands 1.07 (0.81,1.43) 0.94 (0.66,1.41) -11.82 1020.72 (780.37,1363.73) 1547.11 (909.97,2264.95) 922.78 (653.95,1364.76) 1.92 (1.47,2.37) -6.99 (-7.86,-6.11) -0.15 (-0.90,0.61) Vanuatu 1.93 (1.29,2.72) 9.17 (2.47,17.99) 374.91 1276.67 (849.53,1756.58) 2097.28 (873.39,3483.99) 3289.71 (833.21,6372.83) 1.57 (0.74,2.40) 6.90 (2.58,11.40) 3.50 (2.70,4.29) Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic 199.91 (145.57,267.24) 224.95 (161.23,310.10) 12.52 1058.21 (768.38,1392.01) 1205.72 (806.12,1658.16) 799.91 (566.82,1109.67) -0.54 (-1.39,0.31) -6.27 (-8.04,-4.47) -1.12 (-1.68,-0.57) Viet Nam 812.96 (598.47,1051.77) 1038.97 (812.23,1333.87) 27.80 1179.10 (870.85,1500.71) 1061.42 (852.76,1359.01) 1090.57 (843.72,1408.31) -0.31 (-0.63,0.01) 0.88 (-0.19,1.95) -0.61 (-0.84,-0.38) Yemen 41.85 (5.04,95.78) 92.97 (6.78,221.50) 122.16 316.45 (59.25,695.08) 332.80 (92.26,672.08) 303.29 (39.02,696.70) 0.31 (0.23,0.39) -1.43 (-1.80,-1.07) 0.03 (-0.09,0.15) Zambia 35.90 (15.45,62.69) 73.30 (20.96,143.94) 104.16 456.39 (214.59,783.41) 488.68 (274.44,776.95) 404.86 (127.94,782.51) 0.88 (0.61,1.15) -2.17 (-3.48,-0.85) -0.32 (-0.72,0.09) Zimbabwe 33.32 (17.71,59.82) 38.87 (9.94,89.90) 16.68 324.16 (184.94,570.84) 562.56 (351.49,738.23) 265.67 (80.62,595.55) 2.81 (1.95,3.67) -9.07 (-12.64,-5.36) 0.20 (-0.81,1.21)

Note: EAPC, estimated annual percentage change; CIs, confidence intervals; UIs, uncertainty intervals

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