Munich Personal RePEc Archive
Governing of output realisation in Bulgarian farms
Bachev, Hrabrin
Institute of Agricultural Economics, Sofia
2003
Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/99339/
MPRA Paper No. 99339, posted 01 Apr 2020 10:02 UTC
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Realization of farm output in
na $epnaepcKara nporyKrlHq a 6r,rrapcxrare Sepvu (npoqeur or $epvure)
bulgarian farms (percetages of farms) Ta6"rnua
Table
KeTHHf rrpoAyKT o6aue, AocTr4fa 3HaqHTerHa qacT
or
o6ilIHs trpoAyKT Ha crlorBerHr4Te crorraHcrBa.Tasu opraHu3aL\vtfl e Hail-qecra B roneMr4Te Oep- Mr4, KaTO Aenbr Ha rpoAaBaHaTa npoAyKrrlHs qpe3 Ta3rr $opva e oco6eHo Br{coK B roJreMure 14 Koo- reparHBua
sepvu.
Heo6xoAHMOCrra OT Cneur4- arrHa $opnaa 3a yrrpaBrreHr4e Ha AbnrocpoqHr4reB 3 alr M o o T H o rrr e H u _s c lI p e p a 6 o r n aq i.r T e 14 Htry c r p vtv ce rrpeAr43BlrKBa oT Br4COKaTa qecToTa Ha TpaH3aK- TIHHTe Me)KAy eAHH r{ CbrrIH rrapTHbopH, for.sMaTa TpaH3ar(quoHHa HeonpeAeneHocT (qeirona, rroBe- AeHqecKa) ra nanulrHero Ha HsKaKBa 6opM a Ha 3a- BT4CT4MOCT Ha seprtaepcKr4Te aKTtlBVt OT ilapTHbo- pa-KynyBaq.
Bncoxara B3aHMHa (Kanaur{TerHa, MoMeHT Ha AocraBKH, cnequQvKarryrs Ha Kaqecrnoro) prnu eil- HOCTpaHHa 3aBHCITMOCT (AOrOnOp]Ha Qr4rra, MoHo- finon) e Hafi-qe erara npuquHa 3a H3rroJT3BaHero Ha c[eqHaJrHa r{acTHa soprraa 3a opfaH:fl3arL:4^s Ha af- papHns MapKerr4ur (F a ru e n, 1997). llpocrara
TpaH3aKr-Ilafl, Ha rrcno6o4Hustt na3ap (ra:nb,'r3BaHe Ha yHnBepcanHa $opva 3a ynpaBneHne)
rle
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MexAy rraprHbopufe). Ero :arlo, BMecro Aa pa3qurar Ha HecurypHa (u,cxr,na) vu-MOneTHa pa3MfiHa uJr\t KITAQHqeCKU KOHTpaKT, trap- THbOpLITe I'I3nOJI3BaT IbJirOCpOr{eH KOHTpaKT 3a MapKerHHr (4ocraexa) sa Aa rrpeoAo,.re.rrr rpaH3aK- qr,roHHHTe upo6leMv tr MHHr.rMH3r4par pa3xoAnTe 3a peaJrr43aur4,rr.
Koraro 3aBucnMocrra Ha SeprnrepcKltre aKTH- Bi4
or
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AocraBqHK e MHo-ro
Br4coKa H Heo[peAexeHocTTa Lr qecToTaTa Ha TpaH3aKULrrrTe e 3Haqr4TeJrHa, TOfaBa He CbxlecT- ByBa ila3apHa r4JrH KoHTpaKTHa $oprr.ra, Kosro Mox{e e$errranHo Aa 3aulr4Tr4 cuequsuqHnre 3a Seprr,rara HHBecrHrIuu (E a ru e n, 19966,20006).Brrperuuara (n rpaHurlure Ha $epvara, ocHoBa-
Ha Ha eIHHHa CO6CrseHOCr) raHrefpauHq H AHpeK-
reHr4.rrr KoHrpon e Hafr-eSeKrHBHa Qopva 3a yr-
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MOIKHOCTHTe Aa Ce peanH3vpaT nKoHoMr.r14 Hapa3- Mepu (u rr,raqa6u) ca e$ercrunuo eKcrrJroarvpaHrl B rpaHurlrrre Ha vHtrHBvtgyarr*ara Sepva. Brraec- ro MapKerHHr H3BI,H Qeprr,rara ce [paKTkrKyBa r4nw Bbrp errrHo - cron aH cKo rrorp e6leuue (airn ep c n $u - Kaulrx
s
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MarepraarHu aKTtrBH LIyc,ryrra) HJrH BbrperrHa npepa6orKa Ha Sepvepc- Kara qpr4.qyKqus (A:rBJpcu$uxaqvs. B npepa6or- Barerruara AefrHocr). Epoxr na 6urapcKure $ep-
Mr4, KoHTo u3ll-sno r4HTef p I4p at' I p ea,t r43atfnflT a Ha rrpoAyKrarr (n:rn rpaHflur.rre Ha Sepvara) e rolxna, a ilpoAyKTbT ynpaBJrfiBaH rro To3r4 Haqr{H 3aeMa 3HarrHTeJiHa qacr s o6urHre rpaH3aKqr{rr no pea- rrurcarryn Ha SepvepcKara npoAyKrlun
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r.r H3roAHre or BbrpeuHara opraHn3ar\ptfl (co6cr- BeHoro npor43Bo4crno) ca roA Sopuara He Ha rro-
BurrreHa npoAyKruBHocr (npe4ranacrBa no orHo- rreHue Ha npon3BoAcrBeHr4Te pa3xoAu), a Ha or- poMHH HKOHOMITtT HA TpaH3aKTIHOHHH pa3XOAtr
(npeo4orsBaHe Ha BHcoKara HeonpeAeJreHocr cBbp3aHa c napa3Horo ufunH BbHrrHo cHa6A_flsa- He c KpHrr4r{Hrrre 3a xHBorHoBbAcrBoro SypaxrE).
BepmurcaltHama uHmeepaLlun e eSerrraneH Ha- LIHH 3a onrr4Mn3ar\krs Ha pa3Mepr4Te Ha Sepvara
aJITepHarHBeH Ha xopH3oHTaJrHoro (e4uH HJrH ro-
Beqe npoAyKrra) pa:uir4peHr4e Ha rpaHHuHTe Ha
cronaHcrBoro. Koraro e rBbpAe cKbtio tra ce rbp- ryBa Ha cno6oAHkrs, fia3ap za cua61trBaHe c Mare- pvranrr aKrr{BH (rE pecypcu)
utu
3a MapKerrlHr HaQepvepcKara rrpoAyKr,lrax
(rolrMa
HeorpeAene- Tnn xa QepvrrreType of ranns
.Qnr ua $eprvrNre h3nonsBauh npo4yKTa 3a:
Share of farms used products for:
Llacr Ha o6ulnn npogyKr h3nol3Ban sa: part ot total product used fpr:
Co6cr-
BCHO
norpe6- neHne
Oulr,t
consu- mption
ll por,rse-
qtcrB.
norpe6n- eHhe Prod.
consum- ption
llpepa- 6orra
BbB
$epua Farm process.
flurrocp.
AOTOBOp 3a BbH[!Ha npepa6orrca
Long-term contr. for external processing
l-lpo
!ax(- 6a Sales
Co6cr-
BEHO
norpe6- neHhe
Oum consu- mption
[lporase- q[crB.
norpe6n-
EHNE
Prod.
consum- ption
I-1pepa- 6orxa
BbB Oepua
Farm process.
lunrocp.
AOTOBOp
3a BbHr.IJHa
npepa6orxa Long-term
contr. for external processing
t-lpo
AA>K-
6a Sales
HeperucrpilpaHa
Unegistrated B1,OB 40,54 21,62 5,41 100 18,57 18,00 16,25 10,00 73,59 KooneparhBHa
Cooperative 46,43 64,29 14,29 3,57 100 12,46 24,00 19,50 40,00 74,93
Onprvra
/
Firm 43,75 56,25 40,63 6,25 78,13 20,79 26,11 38,OB 10,00 76,96Manra / Small 86,49 45,95 16,22 0,00 '100 20,09 18,53 18,33 0,00 71,14
Cpenxa
/
Medium 40,91 40,91 31,82 4,55 93,18 16,78 34,00 25,93 10,00 75,68l-onRrua / Big 43,75 43,75 31,25 18,75 75,00 9,29 35,00 46,00 20,00 84,17
O6u-ro / Total 58,76 43,30 25,77 5,15 92,78 17,72 27,90 28J2 16,00 74,94
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HHAHBI{AyanHI,rre Seprral4: }IKoHoMH.a Ha pa3Mepv vt uaula6n or MapKerHHroBa Aefiuocr (uxoHovuv Ha pa:xo4lr 3a rbpceHe, npoMor\us, opraHn3r4paHe u r.u.), no-4o6pa ro3rlqnq npl4 Ao- roBaprHe, B3aHMHocBbp3 a:a:a TpaH3aKIri4I{ (cr'c cbxpaHeHlrero, TpaHcnoprnpaHeTo, TbpfoB[flTa Ha 4pe6no rI Ap.). TasH Sopva Ha peaJll{3auus e Tr4nr4qHa npu BcHTIKH Bu.qoBe HeroJlevu Seprrarn.Karo ocHoBHr4 Saxropu 3a l43non3BaHero sa co6- crBduux Kooneparl4B 3a MapKerI4HT Ha npoAyKIIlI- .[Ta ce [ocoqBat rrHafr-sucoKa c]IfypHocrl', rtHafr-
eBTr4H HaqHH 3a pearn3aquxrr n.rrHafi-Eo6pure ue- Hirf r (Sr.rr.2). VmeH3r4rera Ha rpaH3aKIrHI4re qpe3 ra3n Sopva e Br{coK I{ BoHqKI{ I43rIoJI3BauIr $ep- MH "BHHafu" urrt "Trpq4ur,ttto" H3rIoJI3Bar cblrllat KooileparlrB 3a MapKerHHf Ha cBofiTa npoAyKul4q.
B:snpexu roreMuflT iloreHrrvalr 3a ynpaBneHI{e Ha rpaH3aKrrrrr4Te o6aqe (4efinocr HeHacoqeHa KT,M rleqal6a, opr4eHTupaHa K:bM t{JleHoBere co6- crBeHa opraHu3auuq), Ta3r4 Sopva He e tunpoKo
r43noJr3BaHa
or
6:snrapcrure Seprtau. .Cera caMo ManKa qacror
aHKerHpaHHre Qepvu (varxo HaE4%) ca LrJreHoBe Ha MapKerHHroBu KOo[eparI4BH.
Pa:xoAure 3a cb3AaBaHe u noAAbp)KaHe Ha Koo- rrepaTuBHa opfaHr{3ar]r{-f, ca 3HaqnTeJ'IHLI B yclo-
Br4flTa Ha rpaHc$opvaqus (F a m e a, 2000n) ra noBeqero
or
$epnu4Te npeAilorruTar Aa LI3rIoJI3- Bar Apyrra (cpaarir,rrerHo no-e$errunxra) na3ap- Hrr H qacrHn Soprrara 3a y[paBJleHue Ha orHolrle-HI}jsTa Cr4 C ApyrHTe afeHTH.
llpo4ax6ara
Ha Ar,pxaBt:ns. pe3epB e BalKeH MapKerHHfoB KaHaJr 3a eAHa qacT oT pefl{cTpHpa- HHTe H He MarKH 3:bpHonpoI,I3BoAHTeJII4 ($ur. 1).(Dopwara Ha Abpx(aBHlI noKynKll rrce npegrrot{I4- Tarr
or
roJreMHTe Sepura rr,fr xaro rfr vrl.r'a peAurla TpaH3aKuHoHHH npeAI4McrBa-
ftcra6ulrio"rlp-
ceHe, ao6pa ueHa, cl4rypHo nJraulaHe, HHcKI4 pa3- xoAi.r 3a AofoBap-sHe H caHKqI4oHHpaHe Ha KOHT-
paKrure. O6aqe KoruqecrBoro Ha rlpoAaAeHoro 3bpHo qpe3 Ta3rr Sopnra Ha MapKerHHr e cpaBHI{- TeJrHo He3HaqHTe,THo. B nocreAHl4Te roAtlHH Abp- xaBHara roKyrKa (ra npo4aN6a) Ha 3:bpHo ce H3- rroJr3Baure HeKorKoKparHo 14 Karo cpeAcrBo 3a cra- lutuzupaue (4rp)I(aBHa I4HrepBeHuI,Is) Ha Ila3ap - Hr4Te rreHu.
Karo
ocHoBHI4 Saruopn 3a rpeArlo-qLITAHVIfl. KT,M AT,p)KaBHa afeHUHg KaTO napTHbop ua Sepvepure ce rtocot{sal trHafi-Hlrc:bK pltcrt' u 'rrpa4nquflra'r (Sur. 2).
BrrpeurHara rpepa6orra (n co6crBeHara $ep- rra) Ha ceJrcKocroraHcKara nporyKIILIff e safi-naN- Ha rrpr4 peaJTH3aur4flTa Ha ilnoAoBe
lI
fpo3Ae H Bro-MaJIKa creIIeH 3a Meco 14 MJTsKo (Sur" 1). Ta:u
Soprraa ua "nrrpelreH MapKerHHr" e rraBHo [paK-
Tr{KyBaHa
or
cpeAHLIre IIo pa3Mep HepefHcrpvpa' Hu Sepvn H arpo-$Hpvure. IrlrteHno ro-3Haqu- Mr4Te OnepauHoHHH pa3MepH 14 BHCOKaTa qeCTO- TATa Ha rpaH3aKUI4UTe I.ABa HKOHOMi'IqeCKa Bb3-MOXHOCT 3a BsTperXHa eKCrrJIOaTa\r4fl Ha B3aHM- Ho-cBbp3a:a:aTe aKTr4BH (nr,n QepMepcrBoro H rpe- pa6orxara). Or Apyra crpaHa BeprnKarHara vH- TefparlHfl tIo3BoJI.qBa tra ce 3auHTflT 3aBHCIIMI{Te lrHBecTLlrII'{kr vr Aa ce Ilonyql4 Ir3foAaTa oT MapKe- ruHra ua xpafiHn (npepa6oreHu) npoAyKrl4
-
IIo-nyqaBaHe Ha nbJlHara [eqan6a (or 3eMeAexcKH 14 xpaHr4TenHr4 rrpoAyxrn), TbproBI4flTa
ere
ctteqn- arrlHr TbpfoBcKl{ MapKH H rlpolr3xoAu, HaMaJIflBaHe Ha rra3apHara 3aBHcHMocr (no-lecHo cbxpaHsBa- He H TpaHcnoprar\rlfl, Ta'pfoBl4fl, Ha OTAaneqeHI4na:apu) H T.H. HecnyvafiHo Hafi-tlecro or6er-f,s-
B aHrrre np urrr4Hu 3a BTjrp eulHo - $ ep v eHara p eanv- 3ar]r4.s Ha 3eMeAerIcKara npoAyKIIvTs Qe rocoqBar
"Hafi-sucoKa cr{rypHocr", "Hafi-sI4coKa neqa t6a"
u "safi-sr{cbK prEcx" (Sur. 2).
BranmsocBbp3aHa opraHH3alruq
BsauuuocBbp3aHama opaaHu3aLlun Ha cua6- dneauemo Ha Jvramepua,'IHu aKmLlgu
c
"MapKe- muHea ua fiepuepcKa npodyrcryu"r traBa Ba,3Mox- Hocr:a
o6rqo Mr,rHr4Mu3rrpaHe Ha pa3xorl4Te 3a yrrpaBJreHLre Ha re3r4 ABe rpyilu rpaH3aKIII4H (o6utKoHTpaKT sa cHa6AflBaHe vr pearrv3alrufl). B nerraan- Ko cnyqau qpe3 ra3vr Sopr.,ra ce pa3ruup-sBa Bep- TrKaJiHara KoopAHHaIIHq (uHrerpaqux) Ha $epvra- Te cbc ciia6Ararer-q Ha AaAeH aKTI4B. Hanpxnaep, AOCTaBqHK Ha €J'IHTHH CeMeHa wIIpI |IOpOAI'I OAHOB- peMeHHo cua1dnsa QepvepHre
c
BucoKoKaqecr- BeHH aKTr,rBH H Bb3JIafa MaCOBOTO IpOH3BOACTBO (pa:r'auoNanaHero) Ha r-f,x. B gpyru cilys.av 3aBu- cLt.M nompe1umen Ha fiepuepcrca npodyrc4un (uanpuvep r{3KynBaretr Ha Mr-sKo) opeauusupa cua6dna,aHemo ua rfiepuepumec
BatceH pecypc (Sypax) iga aa rapaHrupa BHcoKo KaqecrBo H Ko- rHqecrso Ha HacpeuHHTe AocraBKI,I. Tt,fi Karo nH-rerparoprr o6HxuoBeHo e KpyreH areHT
rofi
vo- xe (r cbcrosHue e) e$erruBHo Aa opraHn3vpayil- paBreHr4eTo Ha Te3H pa3HorHITHI'I TpaH3aKIII4I,I (uxoHovrrs.Ha pa3Mepr4 r.r rtaaura6n B rporl3BoAcr- Boro vrrrl B yrpaBJreHHero ua cy6xourpaxrure).lloneqero
or
aHKerI4paHHre Qepvra rocoqBar, qe "He cbr4eclns))Bam maKusa spb3Ktt" ilpH cna6- AfiBaHero Ha crpaAvrre,, vr MarIHHI4re u o6opylsa- Hero (crornerwo 95ohn
89oh), AoKaro Aerbr Ha$epvure 6es noAo6ura npr3Ku Ha cna6[,ssaHero HA OCryAHQ,'IUm? I4AmepUArHU AKmUgU C MapKe- rr4Hra e rro-MaJrr,x (ueN4y a4%-62%).
B eAua He N{aJrKa r{acr
or
cryqaule csa6AI4Te-r-sr cblr]o raKa
u
"usrcynyea npodyrcqu,nma om fi e p.,vt tt m e " . B3auN,IH o c B:bp 3 aHa op raHI43 ar\ug. Ha TpaH3aKLI:,z.:aTe no csa6AqBaHe H MapKerHHr HMa Buafi-rorsMa cre[eH c AocraBqHIrI4Te Ha ce"McHo, xLtJvruKaru,
$ypaxtt u
)tcLtrotnHu. Tazvt Sopva Ha I'uacpeulHo c*a61,ssaHeil ce H3[oJI3Baor
eAHa 3Haqr,rreJlHa qacror
Snprurvrrev
cpeAHHTe cro- [aHcrBa BbB B3aHMOOTHOIXeHL[flTa C AOCTaBT{UUU-re Ha xHMHKaJIu (clornerHo npu 32o/o
u
33ohot
rxx) r.r $ypaNu (c:rornerHo npII 52"/o vr 30%); orKoorTeparI4BHTe, $nprraure,
v
erpvtre crorlaHcrBa npH cHa6AnTerure cbc ceMeHara (c:'orner:eo 4Io/o, 44o/ou
50%); Hor
HeperucrptlpaHlrre I4 MaJIKI4reSepvn c AocraBr{ulll4Te Ha )KHBornn (ctorBerHo 40 u 44%). Teen AaHHH ca n3pa3 Ha BeprHKaJIHara
18