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Adipositas führt zu einer Akkumulation von Ceramiden in Insulinzielgeweben

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The sphingolipid and second messenger molecule, ceramide, accumulates in metabolically relevant tissues during obesity and contributes to the development of insulin resistance. The mammalian Ceramide Synthase (CerS) enzyme has 6 isoforms (1-6) which are involved in the de novo synthesis of ceramides, each possessing a preference for specific fatty acyl-

Coenzyme As varying in chain length from C12:0-C30:0. In this study, both CerS6, and it’s target C16:0 ceramide, were identified at the predominant isoform of ceramide that is elevated in insulin target tissues of overweight individuals. To elucidate the possible contribution of CerS6 in the pathogenesis of obesity, a conventional CerS6 deficient mouse model was generated. Ablation of CerS6 gene expression caused C16:0 ceramides to be significantly reduced in all tissues. Importantly, these animals were protected from diet-induced obesity as shown by a reduction in body weight and fat mass. Moreover CerS6 deficient mice exhibited an improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Taken together, this study identified CerS6 as a novel target for the development of therapeutic treatment strategies to combat obesity and associated diseases like insulin resistance and type-2-diabetes mellitus.

Adipositas führt zu einer Akkumulation von Ceramiden in Insulinzielgeweben. Dies kann die Entwicklung einer Insulinresistenz zur Folge haben. Sechs Ceramidsynthasen (CerS1-6) sind an der de novo Synthese der Ceramide beteiligt, wobei jede CerS für die Generierung

unterschiedlicher Acylkettenlängen von C12:0-C30:0 verantwortlich ist. In der vorliegenden Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich das Enzym CerS6 sowie sein Produkt C16:0 Ceramid stark in Insulinzielgeweben von adipösen und insulinresistenten Patienten und Nagern

anreichert. Um die Funktion der CerS6 im Zusammenhang mit Adipositas zu verstehen, wurde eine konventionelle CerS6-Knockout-Maus generiert, was eine selektive Reduktion von C16:0 Ceramiden in allen Geweben zur Folge hatte. CerS6-Knockout-Mäuse waren ohne offensichtliche und schädliche Sekundäreffekte vor der Entwicklung einer Fettdiät-

induzierten Adipositas geschützt. Die Ablation von CerS6 führte außerdem zu einer

Verbesserung der Insulinsensitivität und der Glukosetoleranz. Zusammenfassend ermöglichte die vorliegende Arbeit die Identifizierung der CerS6 als ein neues Ziel zur Entwicklung von Behandlungsstrategien gegen Adipositas und assoziierten Krankheiten wie Insulinresistenz oder Typ-2-Diabetes.

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